{"id":46122,"date":"2026-11-13T19:24:21","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T18:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/dmitri-chostakovitch\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T19:24:25","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T18:24:25","slug":"dmitri-chostakovitch","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/dmitri-chostakovitch\/","title":{"rendered":"Dmitri Chostakovitch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Dmitri Chostakovitch (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0 de)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Dmitri Chostakovitch (1906-1975), le compositeur face \u00e0 Staline<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Dmitri Chostakovitch est le grand compositeur de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et l\u2019un des plus importants du XXe si\u00e8cle. Ses quinze symphonies et ses quinze quatuors \u00e0 cordes forment un immense journal musical d\u2019une \u00e9poque tragique, entre la terreur stalinienne et la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Tour \u00e0 tour c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 et condamn\u00e9 par le pouvoir, il a d\u00fb ruser toute sa vie pour continuer \u00e0 cr\u00e9er.<\/p>\n<h3>Un jeune prodige \u00e0 Petrograd<\/h3>\n<p>Dmitri Dmitrievitch Chostakovitch na\u00eet le 25 septembre 1906 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. Il apprend le piano avec sa m\u00e8re et entre \u00e0 treize ans au conservatoire de Petrograd. Pour aider sa famille, il joue du piano pour accompagner les films muets dans les cin\u00e9mas. En 1926, sa <em>Symphonie no 1<\/em>, \u00e9crite comme travail de fin d\u2019\u00e9tudes, le rend c\u00e9l\u00e8bre dans le monde entier \u00e0 dix-neuf ans.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00ab Le chaos remplace la musique \u00bb (1936)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1934, son op\u00e9ra <em>Lady Macbeth du district de Mtsensk<\/em> triomphe. Mais en janvier 1936, Staline assiste \u00e0 une repr\u00e9sentation et la quitte avant la fin. Quelques jours plus tard, la <em>Pravda<\/em> publie un article anonyme, \u00ab Le chaos remplace la musique \u00bb, qui condamne violemment l\u2019\u0153uvre. En pleine Grande Terreur, Chostakovitch craint pour sa vie et retire sa <em>Symphonie no 4<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>La Cinqui\u00e8me Symphonie (1937)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1937, il pr\u00e9sente sa <em>Symphonie no 5<\/em>, sous-titr\u00e9e par un journaliste \u00ab r\u00e9ponse cr\u00e9atrice d\u2019un artiste sovi\u00e9tique \u00e0 une juste critique \u00bb. Le public lui fait une ovation de plus d\u2019une demi-heure. Derri\u00e8re le finale triomphal, beaucoup entendent une joie forc\u00e9e : l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 devient la marque de sa musique.<\/p>\n<h3>La symphonie Leningrad<\/h3>\n<p>En 1941, pendant le si\u00e8ge de Leningrad par l\u2019arm\u00e9e allemande, il compose sa <em>Symphonie no 7<\/em>, dite \u00ab Leningrad \u00bb. Le 9 ao\u00fbt 1942, elle est jou\u00e9e dans la ville assi\u00e9g\u00e9e par un orchestre d\u2019hommes affam\u00e9s, diffus\u00e9e par haut-parleurs vers les lignes ennemies. L\u2019\u0153uvre devient un symbole mondial de la r\u00e9sistance au nazisme.<\/p>\n<h3>Une nouvelle condamnation (1948)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1948, Chostakovitch est de nouveau condamn\u00e9 pour \u00ab formalisme \u00bb par le d\u00e9cret Jdanov, avec Prokofiev et d\u2019autres. Il perd ses postes d\u2019enseignant et compose des musiques de films et des \u0153uvres de circonstance, tout en \u00e9crivant en secret des \u0153uvres plus personnelles, comme le <em>Concerto pour violon no 1<\/em> ou les <em>Chants juifs<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>Les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/h3>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la mort de Staline, il retrouve une relative libert\u00e9. Sa <em>Symphonie no 10<\/em> (1953), ses quatuors \u00e0 cordes, ses symphonies no 13 \u00ab Babi Yar \u00bb et no 14 t\u00e9moignent de sa m\u00e9ditation sur la mort et la m\u00e9moire. Ses <em>Suites de jazz<\/em> et sa c\u00e9l\u00e8bre <em>Valse no 2<\/em> montrent aussi son humour et son go\u00fbt pour la musique l\u00e9g\u00e8re. Il meurt \u00e0 Moscou le 9 ao\u00fbt 1975.<\/p>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1906<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, le 25 septembre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1926<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Symphonie no 1<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1934<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Lady Macbeth du district de Mtsensk<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1936<\/strong> \u2014 Condamnation par la <em>Pravda<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1937<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Symphonie no 5<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1942<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Symphonie no 7<\/em> jou\u00e9e dans Leningrad assi\u00e9g\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1948<\/strong> \u2014 Condamnation par le d\u00e9cret Jdanov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1975<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 Moscou, le 9 ao\u00fbt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"4VLOOVJQMNQ\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4VLOOVJQMNQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/4VLOOVJQMNQ\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Valse no 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption><em>Valse no 2<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"dhABDiOMan8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dhABDiOMan8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/dhABDiOMan8\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Symphonie no 5, sous la direction de Leonard Bernstein\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption><em>Symphonie no 5<\/em>, sous la direction de Leonard Bernstein<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dmitri_Chostakovitch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dmitri Chostakovitch sur Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Dmitri Chostakovitch (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 de) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Dmitri Chostakovitch (1906-1975), le compositeur face \u00e0 Staline Dmitri Chostakovitch est le grand compositeur de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et l\u2019un des plus importants du XXe si\u00e8cle. Ses quinze symphonies et ses quinze quatuors \u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46123,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46122","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dmitri Chostakovitch - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/dmitri-chostakovitch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dmitri Chostakovitch - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Dmitri Chostakovitch (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 de) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Dmitri Chostakovitch (1906-1975), le compositeur face \u00e0 Staline Dmitri Chostakovitch est le grand compositeur de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et l\u2019un des plus importants du XXe si\u00e8cle. 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