{"id":46070,"date":"2026-11-13T19:17:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T18:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/bela-bartok\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T19:17:32","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T18:17:32","slug":"bela-bartok","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/bela-bartok\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> statue de B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k \u00e0 Bruxelles, place d\u2019Espagne (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:20180907_Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_Brussels.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 4.0)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k (1881-1945), le compositeur qui \u00e9coutait les paysans<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k est l\u2019un des plus grands compositeurs du XXe si\u00e8cle et le p\u00e8re de l\u2019ethnomusicologie moderne. Pianiste virtuose, il a parcouru les villages de Hongrie, de Roumanie, de Slovaquie et jusqu\u2019en Afrique du Nord pour enregistrer des milliers de chansons paysannes, dont il a tir\u00e9 un langage musical d\u2019une \u00e9nergie et d\u2019une originalit\u00e9 saisissantes.<\/p>\n<h3>Une enfance en Hongrie du Sud<\/h3>\n<p>B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k na\u00eet le 25 mars 1881 \u00e0 Nagyszentmikl\u00f3s, dans le royaume de Hongrie (aujourd\u2019hui S\u00e2nnicolau Mare, en Roumanie). Son p\u00e8re, directeur d\u2019une \u00e9cole d\u2019agriculture, meurt quand il a sept ans ; sa m\u00e8re, institutrice et pianiste, lui donne ses premi\u00e8res le\u00e7ons. Enfant fragile, il compose d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge de neuf ans.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019Acad\u00e9mie de Budapest<\/h3>\n<p>De 1899 \u00e0 1903, il \u00e9tudie le piano et la composition \u00e0 l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie de musique de Budapest. Il s\u2019enthousiasme d\u2019abord pour Richard Strauss et pour le nationalisme musical hongrois, avec son po\u00e8me symphonique <em>Kossuth<\/em> (1903). Pianiste brillant, il deviendra professeur de piano \u00e0 l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie en 1907.<\/p>\n<h3>La d\u00e9couverte de la musique paysanne<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 partir de 1905, avec son ami Zolt\u00e1n Kod\u00e1ly, Bart\u00f3k parcourt les campagnes munis d\u2019un phonographe \u00e0 cylindres pour enregistrer les chansons des paysans hongrois, puis slovaques, roumains, et m\u00eame arabes en Alg\u00e9rie. Il d\u00e9couvre une musique authentique, tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente de la musique tzigane des villes, avec ses modes anciens et ses rythmes irr\u00e9guliers. Il en recueille plusieurs milliers.<\/p>\n<h3>Le Ch\u00e2teau de Barbe-Bleue et les ballets<\/h3>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9couverte transforme son style. Son op\u00e9ra <em>Le Ch\u00e2teau de Barbe-Bleue<\/em> (1911, cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1918), ses ballets <em>Le Prince de bois<\/em> et <em>Le Mandarin merveilleux<\/em>, ses <em>Danses populaires roumaines<\/em> (1915) et ses six <em>Quatuors \u00e0 cordes<\/em> comptent parmi les sommets de la musique du XXe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<h3>Le p\u00e9dagogue<\/h3>\n<p>Bart\u00f3k est aussi un grand p\u00e9dagogue : son <em>Mikrokosmos<\/em>, recueil de 153 pi\u00e8ces progressives pour piano, et ses pi\u00e8ces <em>Pour les enfants<\/em> sont encore utilis\u00e9s dans le monde entier. En 1936, il compose la <em>Musique pour cordes, percussion et c\u00e9lesta<\/em>, l\u2019une de ses \u0153uvres les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019exil am\u00e9ricain<\/h3>\n<p>Oppos\u00e9 au nazisme et \u00e0 l\u2019alliance de la Hongrie avec l\u2019Allemagne, Bart\u00f3k s\u2019exile aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 1940. Malade, peu connu du grand public am\u00e9ricain, il vit des ann\u00e9es difficiles. En 1943, le chef Serge Koussevitzky lui commande le <em>Concerto pour orchestre<\/em>, cr\u00e9\u00e9 \u00e0 Boston en 1944 avec un immense succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<h3>Fin de vie et h\u00e9ritage<\/h3>\n<p>Atteint de leuc\u00e9mie, B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k meurt \u00e0 New York le 26 septembre 1945, laissant inachev\u00e9s son <em>Concerto pour piano no 3<\/em> et son <em>Concerto pour alto<\/em>. En 1988, ses restes sont ramen\u00e9s en Hongrie et inhum\u00e9s \u00e0 Budapest lors de fun\u00e9railles nationales. Il reste le mod\u00e8le d\u2019un compositeur qui a su unir la tradition populaire et la modernit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1881<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Nagyszentmikl\u00f3s, le 25 mars.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1899-1903<\/strong> \u2014 \u00c9tudes \u00e0 l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie de musique de Budapest.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1905<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9but des collectes de chansons populaires avec Kod\u00e1ly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1911<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Le Ch\u00e2teau de Barbe-Bleue<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1915<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Danses populaires roumaines<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1936<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Musique pour cordes, percussion et c\u00e9lesta<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1940<\/strong> \u2014 Exil aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1943<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Concerto pour orchestre<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1945<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 New York, le 26 septembre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1a\/Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Bart\u00f3k enregistrant des chansons populaires\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Bart\u00f3k et le phonographe <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<style>.opa-audio{margin:.8em 0 1.4em}.opa-audio audio{width:100%}.opa-audio-cap{font-size:.78em;margin-top:.3em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<h3>\u00c0 \u00e9couter<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0d\/Bartok_-_Romanian_Folk_Dances.ogg\/Bartok_-_Romanian_Folk_Dances.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, <em>Danses populaires roumaines<\/em> <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bartok_-_Romanian_Folk_Dances.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"pK_X0QuZuZc\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pK_X0QuZuZc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/pK_X0QuZuZc\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Concerto pour orchestre\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption><em>Concerto pour orchestre<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"Z50Ooqv1GFg\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Z50Ooqv1GFg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Z50Ooqv1GFg\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Danses populaires roumaines, par l\u2019Orchestre de chambre de Norv\u00e8ge\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption><em>Danses populaires roumaines<\/em>, par l\u2019Orchestre de chambre de Norv\u00e8ge<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k sur Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : statue de B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k \u00e0 Bruxelles, place d\u2019Espagne (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k (1881-1945), le compositeur qui \u00e9coutait les paysans B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k est l\u2019un des plus grands compositeurs du XXe si\u00e8cle et le p\u00e8re de l\u2019ethnomusicologie moderne. Pianiste virtuose, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46075,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46070","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/bela-bartok\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : statue de B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k \u00e0 Bruxelles, place d\u2019Espagne (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k (1881-1945), le compositeur qui \u00e9coutait les paysans B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k est l\u2019un des plus grands compositeurs du XXe si\u00e8cle et le p\u00e8re de l\u2019ethnomusicologie moderne. 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