{"id":46053,"date":"2026-11-13T19:14:38","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T18:14:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/niccolo-paganini\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T19:14:53","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T18:14:53","slug":"niccolo-paganini","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/niccolo-paganini\/","title":{"rendered":"Niccol\u00f2 Paganini"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> portrait de Niccol\u00f2 Paganini (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Unknown_artist_-_Inn_Sign_with_Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini_-_2003.1807_-_Blackburn_Museum_and_Art_Gallery.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Niccol\u00f2 Paganini (1782-1840), le violoniste du diable<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Niccol\u00f2 Paganini est le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre violoniste de l\u2019histoire. N\u00e9 \u00e0 G\u00eanes, il a port\u00e9 la virtuosit\u00e9 instrumentale \u00e0 un niveau jamais atteint, au point que ses contemporains le soup\u00e7onnaient d\u2019avoir vendu son \u00e2me au diable. Ses <em>24 Caprices<\/em> pour violon seul et ses concertos restent l\u2019Everest des violonistes, et son exemple a boulevers\u00e9 toute la musique romantique, de Liszt \u00e0 Schumann et de Brahms \u00e0 Rachmaninov.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019enfant prodige de G\u00eanes<\/h3>\n<p>Niccol\u00f2 Paganini na\u00eet le 27 octobre 1782 \u00e0 G\u00eanes, alors capitale de la r\u00e9publique de G\u00eanes. Son p\u00e8re, Antonio, modeste employ\u00e9 du port et mandoliniste amateur, lui apprend la mandoline puis le violon d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge de cinq ans, avec une s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 extr\u00eame. L\u2019enfant progresse \u00e0 une vitesse prodigieuse et donne son premier concert public \u00e0 G\u00eanes vers l\u2019\u00e2ge de douze ans.<\/p>\n<h3>Les ann\u00e9es de formation<\/h3>\n<p>Vers 1795, il part \u00e9tudier \u00e0 Parme. Selon la l\u00e9gende, le violoniste Alessandro Rolla, apr\u00e8s l\u2019avoir entendu d\u00e9chiffrer une de ses partitions, aurait d\u00e9clar\u00e9 n\u2019avoir plus rien \u00e0 lui apprendre. Il travaille aussi la composition. De retour en Italie du Nord, le jeune homme m\u00e8ne une vie libre et aventureuse, jouant, voyageant et fr\u00e9quentant les salles de jeu.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c0 la cour d\u2019Elisa Bonaparte (1805-1809)<\/h3>\n<p>De 1805 \u00e0 1809, Paganini est au service de la princesse Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi, s\u0153ur de Napol\u00e9on, \u00e0 Lucques. Il y dirige l\u2019orchestre, donne des le\u00e7ons et compose. C\u2019est \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque qu\u2019il invente ses c\u00e9l\u00e8bres num\u00e9ros sur une seule corde, comme la sonate <em>Napol\u00e9on<\/em> jou\u00e9e sur la corde de sol.<\/p>\n<h3>La gloire italienne<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 partir de 1809, Paganini parcourt l\u2019Italie en virtuose ind\u00e9pendant. En 1813, \u00e0 la Scala de Milan, il triomphe avec <em>Le Streghe<\/em> (Les Sorci\u00e8res), variations d\u2019une virtuosit\u00e9 inou\u00efe. En 1820, l\u2019\u00e9diteur Ricordi publie ses <em>24 Caprices<\/em> pour violon seul, \u0153uvre r\u00e9volutionnaire qui explore toutes les possibilit\u00e9s de l\u2019instrument : doubles cordes, harmoniques, pizzicati de la main gauche, sauts vertigineux.<\/p>\n<h3>Le triomphe europ\u00e9en (1828-1834)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1828, Paganini quitte enfin l\u2019Italie. \u00c0 Vienne, son succ\u00e8s est tel que l\u2019on vend des chapeaux, des gants et des p\u00e2tisseries \u00ab \u00e0 la Paganini \u00bb. Il triomphe ensuite \u00e0 Berlin, puis \u00e0 Paris et \u00e0 Londres en 1831. Sa silhouette maigre, son teint p\u00e2le, ses longs cheveux noirs et sa technique surnaturelle alimentent la l\u00e9gende d\u2019un pacte avec le diable.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 Paris, en 1832, le jeune Franz Liszt l\u2019entend et d\u00e9cide de devenir \u00ab le Paganini du piano \u00bb. Hector Berlioz compose pour lui <em>Harold en Italie<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>Le compositeur<\/h3>\n<p>Paganini a compos\u00e9 six concertos pour violon (le premier et le deuxi\u00e8me, avec son finale \u00ab La Campanella \u00bb, sont les plus jou\u00e9s), des variations, des sonates pour violon et guitare, instrument qu\u2019il jouait aussi en virtuose, et des quatuors. Le <em>24e Caprice<\/em> a inspir\u00e9 des variations \u00e0 Liszt, Schumann, Brahms, Rachmaninov (<em>Rhapsodie sur un th\u00e8me de Paganini<\/em>), Lutos\u0142awski et bien d\u2019autres.<\/p>\n<h3>Fin de vie et l\u00e9gende<\/h3>\n<p>Affaibli par la maladie, Paganini se retire progressivement de la sc\u00e8ne. Une entreprise malheureuse, un casino parisien portant son nom, lui fait perdre beaucoup d\u2019argent. Il meurt \u00e0 Nice le 27 mai 1840, sans avoir re\u00e7u les derniers sacrements ; l\u2019\u00c9glise lui refuse d\u2019abord une s\u00e9pulture chr\u00e9tienne, et son corps ne sera inhum\u00e9 d\u00e9finitivement \u00e0 Parme que des d\u00e9cennies plus tard.<\/p>\n<p>Il l\u00e8gue son violon pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, un Guarneri del Ges\u00f9 surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab Il Cannone \u00bb, \u00e0 sa ville natale : il est conserv\u00e9 au palais Doria-Tursi de G\u00eanes et jou\u00e9 lors d\u2019occasions exceptionnelles.<\/p>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1782<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 G\u00eanes, le 27 octobre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>vers 1794<\/strong> \u2014 Premier concert public \u00e0 G\u00eanes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1805-1809<\/strong> \u2014 Au service d\u2019Elisa Bonaparte \u00e0 Lucques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1813<\/strong> \u2014 Triomphe \u00e0 la Scala avec <em>Le Streghe<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1820<\/strong> \u2014 Publication des <em>24 Caprices<\/em> par Ricordi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1828<\/strong> \u2014 Triomphe \u00e0 Vienne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1831<\/strong> \u2014 Concerts \u00e0 Paris et \u00e0 Londres.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1840<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 Nice, le 27 mai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nicolo_Paganini_(1784%E2%80%931840)_MET_DT1005.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Nicolo_Paganini_%281784%E2%80%931840%29_MET_DT1005.jpg\/1920px-Nicolo_Paganini_%281784%E2%80%931840%29_MET_DT1005.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Paganini dessin\u00e9 par Ingres\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Paganini par Ingres <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nicolo_Paganini_(1784%E2%80%931840)_MET_DT1005.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bartolomeo_giuseppe_guarneri,_violino_cannone,_appartenuto_a_niccol%C3%B2_paganini,_cremona_1743.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/Bartolomeo_giuseppe_guarneri%2C_violino_cannone%2C_appartenuto_a_niccol%C3%B2_paganini%2C_cremona_1743.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"\u00ab Il Cannone \u00bb, le violon de Paganini\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Il Cannone <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bartolomeo_giuseppe_guarneri,_violino_cannone,_appartenuto_a_niccol%C3%B2_paganini,_cremona_1743.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<style>.opa-audio{margin:.8em 0 1.4em}.opa-audio audio{width:100%}.opa-audio-cap{font-size:.78em;margin-top:.3em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<h3>\u00c0 \u00e9couter<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/17\/Paganini_Caprice-24.ogg\/Paganini_Caprice-24.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Paganini, <em>Caprice no 24<\/em> <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Paganini_Caprice-24.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"YxPTb0I3SrU\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YxPTb0I3SrU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/YxPTb0I3SrU\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Caprice no 24, par Itzhak Perlman\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption><em>Caprice no 24<\/em>, par Itzhak Perlman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"vadJp7vokL8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vadJp7vokL8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/vadJp7vokL8\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Concerto pour violon no 1, par Augustin Hadelich et le Detroit Symphony Orchestra\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption><em>Concerto pour violon no 1<\/em>, par Augustin Hadelich et le Detroit Symphony Orchestra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Niccol\u00f2 Paganini sur Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Philippe Borer, \u00ab The Twenty-Four Caprices of Niccol\u00f2 Paganini \u00bb, Zurich, 1997.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : portrait de Niccol\u00f2 Paganini (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Niccol\u00f2 Paganini (1782-1840), le violoniste du diable Niccol\u00f2 Paganini est le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre violoniste de l\u2019histoire. N\u00e9 \u00e0 G\u00eanes, il a port\u00e9 la virtuosit\u00e9 instrumentale \u00e0 un niveau jamais atteint, au point que [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46054,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46053","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Niccol\u00f2 Paganini - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/niccolo-paganini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Niccol\u00f2 Paganini - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : portrait de Niccol\u00f2 Paganini (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Niccol\u00f2 Paganini (1782-1840), le violoniste du diable Niccol\u00f2 Paganini est le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre violoniste de l\u2019histoire. 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