{"id":45932,"date":"2026-11-13T16:36:13","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T15:36:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/isidor-gunsberg\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T16:39:35","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T15:39:35","slug":"isidor-gunsberg","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/isidor-gunsberg\/","title":{"rendered":"Isidor Gunsberg"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> portrait d\u2019Isidor Gunsberg (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gunsberg,_Isidor_-_DPLA_-_6ee1c646ca44c337a603d3fa9bf050ac.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Isidor Gunsberg (1854 &#8211; 1930), du joueur cach\u00e9 dans l\u2019automate au match pour le titre mondial<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Isidor Gunsberg est un joueur d\u2019\u00e9checs n\u00e9 \u00e0 Pest, en Hongrie, et naturalis\u00e9 britannique. Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 le joueur secret cach\u00e9 dans l\u2019automate \u00ab Mephisto \u00bb, il devient l\u2019un des meilleurs joueurs du monde \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1880. Il remporte le tournoi de Hambourg 1885, fait match nul contre <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/mikhail-tchigorine\/\">Mikha\u00efl Tchigorine<\/a> en 1890 et dispute en 1890-1891 un match pour le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">championnat du monde<\/a> contre <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wilhelm-steinitz\/\">Wilhelm Steinitz<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>De Pest \u00e0 Londres<\/h3>\n<p>Isidor Arthur Gunsberg na\u00eet le 2 novembre 1854 \u00e0 Pest, en Hongrie. Il apprend les \u00e9checs dans sa ville natale, puis s\u2019installe \u00e0 Londres dans les ann\u00e9es 1870. Il deviendra sujet britannique et passera toute sa carri\u00e8re en Angleterre.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019homme cach\u00e9 dans \u00ab Mephisto \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1870, Gunsberg devient l\u2019op\u00e9rateur secret de \u00ab Mephisto \u00bb, un automate joueur d\u2019\u00e9checs expos\u00e9 \u00e0 Londres, dans la lign\u00e9e du c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00ab Turc m\u00e9canique \u00bb du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Cach\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur ou commandant la machine \u00e0 distance, il affronte des centaines de visiteurs, qui croient jouer contre une machine. Mephisto se montre presque invincible, et participe m\u00eame \u00e0 un tournoi.<\/p>\n<h3>Le sommet des ann\u00e9es 1880<\/h3>\n<p>Gunsberg se r\u00e9v\u00e8le au grand jour au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1880. En 1885, il remporte le tournoi de Hambourg, devant <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/joseph-henry-blackburne\/\">Blackburne<\/a>, Englisch, Mason, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/siegbert-tarrasch\/\">Tarrasch<\/a> et Weiss. En 1887, il bat Joseph Henry Blackburne en match, et en 1888 il remporte le tournoi de Bradford. Il est alors l\u2019un des trois ou quatre meilleurs joueurs du monde.<\/p>\n<h3>Le match contre Tchigorine (1890)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1890, \u00e0 La Havane, Gunsberg affronte le Russe Mikha\u00efl Tchigorine, qui venait de disputer un match pour le titre mondial contre Steinitz. Le match, tr\u00e8s combatif, se termine \u00e0 \u00e9galit\u00e9 parfaite : 11,5 \u00e0 11,5. Ce r\u00e9sultat fait de Gunsberg un pr\u00e9tendant l\u00e9gitime au titre.<\/p>\n<h3>Le championnat du monde contre Steinitz (1890-1891)<\/h3>\n<p>De d\u00e9cembre 1890 \u00e0 janvier 1891, \u00e0 New York, Gunsberg dispute le championnat du monde contre Wilhelm Steinitz. Le match est serr\u00e9 : Steinitz l\u2019emporte par 6 victoires contre 4, avec 9 parties nulles (10,5-8,5). Gunsberg a r\u00e9sist\u00e9 beaucoup mieux que pr\u00e9vu face au champion, l\u2019un des meilleurs r\u00e9sultats d\u2019un challenger malheureux au XIXe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<h3>Chroniqueur et pol\u00e9miste<\/h3>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s ce match, Gunsberg joue moins souvent en tournoi et se consacre au journalisme \u00e9chiqu\u00e9en : il tient pendant des ann\u00e9es des rubriques d\u2019\u00e9checs dans la presse britannique et intervient dans les d\u00e9bats du monde des \u00e9checs, parfois de fa\u00e7on vive. Ses r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9clinent avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de la nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, de <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/emanuel-lasker\/\">Lasker<\/a> \u00e0 Tarrasch.<\/p>\n<h3>Fin de vie<\/h3>\n<p>Isidor Gunsberg meurt \u00e0 Londres le 2 mai 1930, \u00e0 75 ans, dans une situation mat\u00e9rielle difficile. Il reste dans l\u2019histoire comme l\u2019un des challengers du premier champion du monde officiel, et comme le myst\u00e9rieux joueur de Mephisto.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">fin des ann\u00e9es 1870<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Op\u00e9rateur de l\u2019automate \u00ab Mephisto \u00bb \u00e0 Londres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1885<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">1er \u00e0 Hambourg, devant Blackburne, Englisch, Mason, Tarrasch et Weiss.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1887<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Victoire en match contre Blackburne.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1888<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">1er \u00e0 Bradford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1890<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Match nul contre Tchigorine \u00e0 La Havane (+9 \u22129 =5).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1890-1891<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Match pour le championnat du monde contre Steinitz \u00e0 New York (+4 \u22126 =9).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Parties comment\u00e9es<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-partie\" style=\"border-left:4px solid #b58863;background:#fbf8f3;padding:.8em 1.1em;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:4px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 .4em;\"><strong>Steinitz \u2013 Gunsberg, New York 1890-1891<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;\">Le match est l\u2019un des plus disput\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire du championnat du monde au XIXe si\u00e8cle : Gunsberg remporte quatre parties et tient Steinitz en \u00e9chec pendant de longues s\u00e9ries de nulles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-partie\" style=\"border-left:4px solid #b58863;background:#fbf8f3;padding:.8em 1.1em;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:4px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 .4em;\"><strong>Gunsberg \u2013 Tchigorine, La Havane 1890<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;\">Avec neuf victoires de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 et seulement cinq nulles, ce match est d\u2019une rare combativit\u00e9. Son issue, une \u00e9galit\u00e9 parfaite, montre la solidit\u00e9 de Gunsberg face \u00e0 l\u2019un des plus grands attaquants de son temps.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1854<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Pest, en Hongrie, le 2 novembre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>fin des ann\u00e9es 1870<\/strong> \u2014 Op\u00e9rateur secret de l\u2019automate \u00ab Mephisto \u00bb \u00e0 Londres.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1885<\/strong> \u2014 Vainqueur du tournoi de Hambourg.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1887<\/strong> \u2014 Bat Blackburne en match.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1888<\/strong> \u2014 Vainqueur du tournoi de Bradford.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1890<\/strong> \u2014 Match nul contre Tchigorine \u00e0 La Havane (11,5-11,5).<\/li>\n<li><strong>1890-1891<\/strong> \u2014 Perd le championnat du monde contre Steinitz \u00e0 New York (8,5-10,5).<\/li>\n<li><strong>1930<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 Londres, le 2 mai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gunsberg,_Isidor_-_DPLA_-_6ee1c646ca44c337a603d3fa9bf050ac.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/Gunsberg%2C_Isidor_-_DPLA_-_6ee1c646ca44c337a603d3fa9bf050ac.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Isidor Gunsberg\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Isidor Gunsberg <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gunsberg,_Isidor_-_DPLA_-_6ee1c646ca44c337a603d3fa9bf050ac.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isidor_Gunsberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isidor Gunsberg sur Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Chess_Championship_1890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Championnat du monde 1890-1891 (Wikip\u00e9dia, anglais)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>H. J. R. Murray, \u00ab A History of Chess \u00bb, Oxford, 1913.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : portrait d\u2019Isidor Gunsberg (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Isidor Gunsberg (1854 &#8211; 1930), du joueur cach\u00e9 dans l\u2019automate au match pour le titre mondial Isidor Gunsberg est un joueur d\u2019\u00e9checs n\u00e9 \u00e0 Pest, en Hongrie, et naturalis\u00e9 britannique. Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45933,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-45932","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Isidor Gunsberg - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/isidor-gunsberg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Isidor Gunsberg - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : portrait d\u2019Isidor Gunsberg (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Isidor Gunsberg (1854 &#8211; 1930), du joueur cach\u00e9 dans l\u2019automate au match pour le titre mondial Isidor Gunsberg est un joueur d\u2019\u00e9checs n\u00e9 \u00e0 Pest, en Hongrie, et naturalis\u00e9 britannique. 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