{"id":45880,"date":"2026-11-13T16:22:33","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T15:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/pedro-damiano\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T16:28:01","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T15:28:01","slug":"pedro-damiano","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/pedro-damiano\/","title":{"rendered":"Pedro Damiano"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> page de titre du livre de Damiano, \u00ab Questo libro \u00e8 da imparare giocare a scacchi \u00bb, Rome, 1512 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Libro_da_imparare_giocare_a_scachi_-_et_de_belitissimi_partiti_(4th_edition)_-_DPLA_-_3dbd41734061e9cc150b63151d3526da_(page_68).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Pedro Damiano (vers 1480 &#8211; 1544), l\u2019apothicaire qui fit le premier best-seller des \u00e9checs<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Pedro Damiano est un apothicaire portugais, originaire d\u2019Odemira, install\u00e9 en Italie au d\u00e9but du XVIe si\u00e8cle. En 1512, il publie \u00e0 Rome un petit trait\u00e9, \u00ab Questo libro \u00e8 da imparare giocare a scacchi et de le partite \u00bb, qui devient le premier grand succ\u00e8s de librairie de l\u2019histoire des \u00e9checs : il conna\u00eet au moins huit \u00e9ditions au cours du si\u00e8cle. Son nom est rest\u00e9 attach\u00e9 \u00e0 une ouverture, la d\u00e9fense Damiano, et \u00e0 un c\u00e9l\u00e8bre motif de mat.<\/p>\n<h3>Un apothicaire d\u2019Odemira<\/h3>\n<p>Pedro Damiano na\u00eet vers 1480 \u00e0 Odemira, dans l\u2019Alentejo, au sud du Portugal. Apothicaire de profession, il s\u2019installe en Italie, probablement \u00e0 Rome, o\u00f9 le jeu d\u2019\u00e9checs \u00ab \u00e0 la nouvelle mani\u00e8re \u00bb, avec la dame et le fou modernes, conna\u00eet un essor spectaculaire au d\u00e9but du XVIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<p>Comme beaucoup de Portugais et d\u2019Espagnols de son temps, il fr\u00e9quente les milieux cultiv\u00e9s italiens o\u00f9 les \u00e9checs sont un divertissement pris\u00e9 des princes, des pr\u00e9lats et des lettr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h3>Le livre de 1512<\/h3>\n<p>Son trait\u00e9 para\u00eet \u00e0 Rome en 1512, imprim\u00e9 en italien et en espagnol. C\u2019est un petit livre de format pratique, destin\u00e9 aux joueurs. Il commence par les r\u00e8gles du jeu et des conseils g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, pr\u00e9sente ensuite des ouvertures et se termine par une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes, dont beaucoup sont repris de la tradition m\u00e9di\u00e9vale.<\/p>\n<p>Damiano y recommande de ne pas jouer sans but, de d\u00e9velopper ses pi\u00e8ces et de chercher toujours le meilleur coup. Le succ\u00e8s est imm\u00e9diat : le livre est r\u00e9\u00e9dit\u00e9 de nombreuses fois \u00e0 Rome et \u00e0 Venise, puis traduit en fran\u00e7ais, en anglais et en allemand. Il restera pendant un demi-si\u00e8cle la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence des joueurs europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n<h3>La d\u00e9fense Damiano<\/h3>\n<p>Paradoxalement, l\u2019ouverture qui porte son nom est une ouverture\u2026 qu\u2019il d\u00e9conseillait. La \u00ab d\u00e9fense Damiano \u00bb (1.e4 e5 2.Cf3 f6) consiste pour les Noirs \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre le pion e5 avec le pion f. Damiano montre lui-m\u00eame qu\u2019elle est mauvaise, car les Blancs peuvent sacrifier leur cavalier par 3.Cxe5 ! et obtenir une attaque d\u00e9cisive contre le roi noir affaibli. C\u2019est aujourd\u2019hui encore un exemple classique de ce qu\u2019il ne faut pas jouer.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mat de Damiano<\/h3>\n<p>Le \u00ab mat de Damiano \u00bb est un motif de mat tr\u00e8s connu : la dame, soutenue par un pion ou une autre pi\u00e8ce, donne mat sur une case voisine du roi adverse enferm\u00e9 dans son roque. Ce sch\u00e9ma, que l\u2019on retrouve dans d\u2019innombrables parties, est enseign\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les d\u00e9butants. Le livre de Damiano contient aussi l\u2019un des plus anciens exemples imprim\u00e9s de mat par la dame et le fou.<\/p>\n<h3>Les critiques de Ruy L\u00f3pez<\/h3>\n<p>En 1561, le pr\u00eatre espagnol <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/ruy-lopez-de-segura\/\">Ruy L\u00f3pez de Segura<\/a> publie \u00e0 son tour un trait\u00e9 dans lequel il critique s\u00e9v\u00e8rement Damiano, jugeant certaines de ses analyses trop superficielles. Ces critiques montrent surtout le rapide progr\u00e8s de la th\u00e9orie : en un demi-si\u00e8cle, les joueurs ont beaucoup approfondi l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tude_(%C3%A9checs)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9tude<\/a> des ouvertures.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e9ritage<\/h3>\n<p>Damiano meurt en 1544. Son livre, plusieurs fois r\u00e9\u00e9dit\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au XVIIe si\u00e8cle, a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la diffusion des nouvelles r\u00e8gles du jeu \u00e0 travers l\u2019Europe. Il ouvre la voie aux grands auteurs italiens de la fin du si\u00e8cle, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/giulio-cesare-polerio\/\">Polerio<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/alessandro-salvio\/\">Salvio<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/gioachino-greco\/\">Greco<\/a>, et reste l\u2019un des textes fondateurs de la litt\u00e9rature \u00e9chiqu\u00e9enne moderne.<\/p>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>vers 1480<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Odemira (Portugal).<\/li>\n<li><strong>1512<\/strong> \u2014 Publication \u00e0 Rome de son trait\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9checs, en italien et en espagnol.<\/li>\n<li><strong>XVIe si\u00e8cle<\/strong> \u2014 Au moins huit \u00e9ditions et des traductions dans plusieurs langues.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1544<\/strong> \u2014 Mort de Damiano.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1561<\/strong> \u2014 Ruy L\u00f3pez de Segura critique ses analyses dans son propre trait\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Chess_Game_(Sofonisba_Anguissola)_1555_(4096x3236px).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/The_Chess_Game_%28Sofonisba_Anguissola%29_1555_%284096x3236px%29.jpg\/1920px-The_Chess_Game_%28Sofonisba_Anguissola%29_1555_%284096x3236px%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Sofonisba Anguissola, \u00ab La partie d\u2019\u00e9checs \u00bb, 1555\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>La partie d\u2019\u00e9checs, Anguissola <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Chess_Game_(Sofonisba_Anguissola)_1555_(4096x3236px).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pedro_Damiano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pedro Damiano sur Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A9fense_Damiano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La d\u00e9fense Damiano (Wikip\u00e9dia)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>H. J. R. Murray, \u00ab A History of Chess \u00bb, Oxford, 1913.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : page de titre du livre de Damiano, \u00ab Questo libro \u00e8 da imparare giocare a scacchi \u00bb, Rome, 1512 (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Pedro Damiano (vers 1480 &#8211; 1544), l\u2019apothicaire qui fit le premier best-seller des \u00e9checs Pedro Damiano est un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45881,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-45880","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pedro Damiano - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/pedro-damiano\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pedro Damiano - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : page de titre du livre de Damiano, \u00ab Questo libro \u00e8 da imparare giocare a scacchi \u00bb, Rome, 1512 (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Pedro Damiano (vers 1480 &#8211; 1544), l\u2019apothicaire qui fit le premier best-seller des \u00e9checs Pedro Damiano est un [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/pedro-damiano\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-11-13T15:28:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/pedro-damiano.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1002\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1489\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pedro Damiano - Orazio Puglisi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/11\\\/pedro-damiano.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-11-13T15:22:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-11-13T15:28:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/11\\\/pedro-damiano.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/11\\\/pedro-damiano.jpg\",\"width\":1002,\"height\":1489,\"caption\":\"page de titre du livre de Damiano, \u00ab Questo libro \u00e8 da imparare giocare a scacchi \u00bb, Rome, 1512\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/pedro-damiano\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pedro Damiano\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\",\"name\":\"Oraziopuglisi.art\",\"description\":\"Le beau ! 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