{"id":45875,"date":"2026-11-13T16:21:39","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T15:21:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T16:28:01","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T15:28:01","slug":"luis-ramirez-de-lucena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\/","title":{"rendered":"Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> page de titre de la \u00ab Repetici\u00f3n de amores y arte de ajedrez \u00bb, Salamanque, vers 1497 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Luis_Ramirez_de_Lucena,_arte_de_ajedrez.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena (vers 1465 &#8211; vers 1530), l\u2019auteur du plus ancien livre d\u2019\u00e9checs imprim\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena est un \u00e9crivain et joueur d\u2019\u00e9checs espagnol de la fin du XVe si\u00e8cle. Il est l\u2019auteur de la \u00ab Repetici\u00f3n de amores y arte de ajedrez \u00bb, publi\u00e9e \u00e0 Salamanque vers 1497 : c\u2019est le plus ancien livre d\u2019\u00e9checs imprim\u00e9 parvenu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nous. T\u00e9moin direct de la naissance des \u00e9checs modernes, avec la nouvelle dame toute-puissante, il a laiss\u00e9 son nom \u00e0 l\u2019une des positions les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de la th\u00e9orie des finales, la \u00ab position de Lucena \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>Un lettr\u00e9 de Salamanque<\/h3>\n<p>On sait peu de chose de sa vie. Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena serait n\u00e9 vers 1465, probablement \u00e0 Salamanque, et serait le fils de Juan Ram\u00edrez de Lucena, diplomate et \u00e9crivain au service des Rois catholiques, Ferdinand d\u2019Aragon et Isabelle de Castille. Il \u00e9tudie \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Salamanque, alors l\u2019une des plus prestigieuses d\u2019Europe, et voyage en Italie et en France, o\u00f9 il d\u00e9couvre les derni\u00e8res \u00e9volutions du jeu.<\/p>\n<h3>Une r\u00e9volution : la nouvelle dame<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin du XVe si\u00e8cle, les \u00e9checs connaissent la plus grande transformation de leur histoire. Dans le jeu m\u00e9di\u00e9val, la dame (la \u00ab fierce \u00bb) ne se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ait que d\u2019une case en diagonale, et le fou (l\u2019\u00ab alfil \u00bb) de deux cases en sautant. Vers 1475-1490, probablement en Espagne ou en Italie, on adopte de nouvelles r\u00e8gles : la dame et le fou acqui\u00e8rent leurs d\u00e9placements actuels.<\/p>\n<p>Le jeu devient soudain beaucoup plus rapide et plus violent, d\u2019o\u00f9 son surnom d\u2019\u00ab ajedrez de la dama \u00bb ou de \u00ab scacchi alla rabiosa \u00bb (les \u00e9checs enrag\u00e9s). Lucena est l\u2019un des premiers auteurs \u00e0 d\u00e9crire et \u00e0 enseigner ce nouveau jeu.<\/p>\n<h3>La \u00ab Repetici\u00f3n de amores y arte de ajedrez \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>Son livre, imprim\u00e9 \u00e0 Salamanque vers 1497, r\u00e9unit deux textes tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents : un trait\u00e9 moral sur l\u2019amour, dans le go\u00fbt de l\u2019\u00e9poque, et un \u00ab Art des \u00e9checs avec 150 jeux de parti \u00bb. La partie consacr\u00e9e aux \u00e9checs pr\u00e9sente onze ouvertures et cent cinquante probl\u00e8mes, selon l\u2019ancienne et la nouvelle mani\u00e8re de jouer.<\/p>\n<p>On y trouve des conseils pratiques savoureux : jouer de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence apr\u00e8s un repas l\u00e9ger, \u00e9viter de s\u2019asseoir face \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re, ou installer son adversaire face au soleil. Le livre aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9di\u00e9 au prince Juan, fils des Rois catholiques. Il n\u2019en subsiste aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019une poign\u00e9e d\u2019exemplaires, conserv\u00e9s dans de grandes biblioth\u00e8ques.<\/p>\n<h3>La position de Lucena<\/h3>\n<p>Le nom de Lucena reste attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la \u00ab position de Lucena \u00bb, une finale tour et pion contre tour que tout joueur doit conna\u00eetre : le camp le plus fort gagne en construisant un \u00ab pont \u00bb avec sa tour pour abriter son roi des \u00e9checs. Paradoxalement, cette position ne figure pas dans son livre : elle appara\u00eet pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans le trait\u00e9 de l\u2019Italien <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/alessandro-salvio\/\">Alessandro Salvio<\/a> en 1634, et l\u2019attribution \u00e0 Lucena est une erreur des historiens du XIXe si\u00e8cle, consacr\u00e9e par l\u2019usage.<\/p>\n<h3>Le manuscrit de G\u00f6ttingen<\/h3>\n<p>Les historiens rapprochent souvent le livre de Lucena du manuscrit de G\u00f6ttingen, un trait\u00e9 latin anonyme de la m\u00eame \u00e9poque qui pr\u00e9sente aussi les nouvelles r\u00e8gles. Certains y voient l\u2019\u0153uvre de Lucena lui-m\u00eame, d\u2019autres une source commune. Ces deux textes, avec le livre perdu du Valencien Francesch Vicent (1495), forment les premiers t\u00e9moignages des \u00e9checs modernes.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e9ritage<\/h3>\n<p>Le livre de Lucena ouvre l\u2019\u00e8re des grands trait\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9checs de la Renaissance : le Portugais <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/pedro-damiano\/\">Damiano<\/a> (1512), l\u2019Espagnol <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/ruy-lopez-de-segura\/\">Ruy L\u00f3pez de Segura<\/a> (1561), puis les Italiens <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/giulio-cesare-polerio\/\">Polerio<\/a>, Salvio et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/gioachino-greco\/\">Greco<\/a> s\u2019inscrivent dans sa lign\u00e9e. L\u2019ouverture espagnole, la d\u00e9fense Petrov ou le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gambit_dame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gambit dame<\/a> y trouvent leurs premi\u00e8res traces. Lucena reste ainsi l\u2019un des p\u00e8res fondateurs de la litt\u00e9rature \u00e9chiqu\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>vers 1465<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance, probablement \u00e0 Salamanque.<\/li>\n<li><strong>vers 1475-1490<\/strong> \u2014 Apparition des nouvelles r\u00e8gles de la dame et du fou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>vers 1497<\/strong> \u2014 Publication \u00e0 Salamanque de la \u00ab Repetici\u00f3n de amores y arte de ajedrez \u00bb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1634<\/strong> \u2014 La \u00ab position de Lucena \u00bb appara\u00eet dans le trait\u00e9 d\u2019Alessandro Salvio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>vers 1530<\/strong> \u2014 Mort de Lucena.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lucena1497_better_version.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/22\/Lucena1497_better_version.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Une page du trait\u00e9 de Lucena (vers 1497)\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Page du livre de Lucena <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lucena1497_better_version.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Chess_Game_(Sofonisba_Anguissola)_1555_(4096x3236px).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/The_Chess_Game_%28Sofonisba_Anguissola%29_1555_%284096x3236px%29.jpg\/1920px-The_Chess_Game_%28Sofonisba_Anguissola%29_1555_%284096x3236px%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Sofonisba Anguissola, \u00ab La partie d\u2019\u00e9checs \u00bb, 1555 : les \u00e9checs \u00e0 la Renaissance\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>La partie d\u2019\u00e9checs, Anguissola <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Chess_Game_(Sofonisba_Anguissola)_1555_(4096x3236px).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luis_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Lucena\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lucena sur Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Position_de_Lucena\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La position de Lucena (Wikip\u00e9dia)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>H. J. R. Murray, \u00ab A History of Chess \u00bb, Oxford, 1913.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : page de titre de la \u00ab Repetici\u00f3n de amores y arte de ajedrez \u00bb, Salamanque, vers 1497 (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena (vers 1465 &#8211; vers 1530), l\u2019auteur du plus ancien livre d\u2019\u00e9checs imprim\u00e9 Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45876,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-45875","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : page de titre de la \u00ab Repetici\u00f3n de amores y arte de ajedrez \u00bb, Salamanque, vers 1497 (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena (vers 1465 &#8211; vers 1530), l\u2019auteur du plus ancien livre d\u2019\u00e9checs imprim\u00e9 Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-11-13T15:28:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1840\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/\",\"name\":\"Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena - Orazio Puglisi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/11\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-11-13T15:21:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-11-13T15:28:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/11\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/11\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1840,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"page de titre de la \u00ab Repetici\u00f3n de amores y arte de ajedrez \u00bb, Salamanque, vers 1497\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/luis-ramirez-de-lucena\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\",\"name\":\"Oraziopuglisi.art\",\"description\":\"Le beau ! 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