{"id":35666,"date":"2026-11-12T16:06:30","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T15:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/miguel-najdorf\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T08:46:19","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T07:46:19","slug":"miguel-najdorf","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/miguel-najdorf\/","title":{"rendered":"Miguel Najdorf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Miguel Najdorf en 1950 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Miguel_Najdorf_1950.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Miguel Najdorf (1910-1997), le Polonais de Buenos Aires<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">N\u00e9 en 1910 pr\u00e8s de Varsovie, Mieczys\u0142aw Najdorf faisait partie de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe de Pologne \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olympiade_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olympiade<\/a> de Buenos Aires, en 1939, quand \u00e9clata la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il resta en Argentine et devint Miguel Najdorf ; sa famille, rest\u00e9e en Pologne, p\u00e9rit dans la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shoah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shoah<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Un joueur flamboyant<\/h3>\n<p>Deux fois candidat au titre mondial (1950 et 1953), il joua au plus haut niveau pendant un demi-si\u00e8cle. En 1947, \u00e0 S\u00e3o Paulo, il disputa 45 parties <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89checs_%C3%A0_l'aveugle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle<\/a> simultan\u00e9es, un record mondial \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, en partie dans l&rsquo;espoir que sa famille entende parler de lui.<\/p>\n<h3>La variante Najdorf<\/h3>\n<p>Son nom est attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la variante la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A9fense_sicilienne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u00e9fense sicilienne<\/a> (1.e4 c5 2.Cf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Cxd4 Cf6 5.Cc3 a6), l&rsquo;arme favorite de <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/bobby-fischer\/\">Fischer<\/a> et de <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/garry-kasparov\/\">Kasparov<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-deep\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie compl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n<h3>Mieczys\u0142aw Najdorf<\/h3>\n<p>Mieczys\u0142aw Najdorf na\u00eet le 15 avril 1910 \u00e0 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, pr\u00e8s de Varsovie, dans une famille juive. Il apprend les \u00e9checs \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence et devient l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve de <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/savielly-tartakower\/\">Savielly Tartakower<\/a>, dont il partage le go\u00fbt du jeu inventif. En 1929, \u00e0 Varsovie, il signe contre Gl\u00fccksberg une victoire si brillante qu\u2019elle est surnomm\u00e9e \u00ab l\u2019Immortelle polonaise \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019Olympiade de 1939<\/h3>\n<p>Membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Pologne dans plusieurs Olympiades, il se trouve \u00e0 Buenos Aires pour l\u2019Olympiade de 1939 lorsque l\u2019Allemagne envahit la Pologne. Il d\u00e9cide de rester en Argentine. Sa femme, sa fille, ses parents et la plupart de ses proches, rest\u00e9s en Pologne, p\u00e9rissent dans la Shoah. Il devient citoyen argentin en 1944 et prend le pr\u00e9nom de Miguel.<\/p>\n<h3>Les records \u00e0 l\u2019aveugle<\/h3>\n<p>Pour attirer l\u2019attention de la presse internationale et faire savoir \u00e0 d\u2019\u00e9ventuels survivants de sa famille qu\u2019il \u00e9tait vivant, Najdorf \u00e9tablit des records de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89checs_%C3%A0_l'aveugle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parties simultan\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aveugle<\/a> : quarante parties \u00e0 Rosario en 1943, puis quarante-cinq \u00e0 S\u00e3o Paulo en 1947, avec trente-neuf victoires.<\/p>\n<h3>Au sommet mondial<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1940 et 1950, Najdorf est l\u2019un des meilleurs joueurs du monde. Il remporte de nombreux tournois, notamment \u00e0 Mar del Plata, et participe aux tournois des candidats de Budapest 1950 et de Zurich 1953. Il m\u00e8ne l\u2019\u00e9quipe d\u2019Argentine dans de nombreuses Olympiades, avec plusieurs m\u00e9dailles d\u2019argent.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019homme d\u2019affaires et le chroniqueur<\/h3>\n<p>Parall\u00e8lement, Najdorf r\u00e9ussit dans les affaires, notamment dans les assurances, et tient pendant des d\u00e9cennies une chronique d\u2019\u00e9checs dans le quotidien <em>Clar\u00edn<\/em>. Personnage chaleureux et bavard, il est une figure populaire de Buenos Aires.<\/p>\n<h3>La variante Najdorf<\/h3>\n<p>Son nom est attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la variante la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de la d\u00e9fense sicilienne (5\u2026a6), qu\u2019il a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper et que Bobby Fischer puis Garry Kasparov ont rendue mythique. Elle reste aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019une des ouvertures les plus jou\u00e9es au plus haut niveau.<\/p>\n<h3>Fin de vie<\/h3>\n<p>Najdorf joue encore \u00e0 plus de quatre-vingts ans. Il meurt \u00e0 Malaga, en Espagne, le 4 juillet 1997.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>Une carri\u00e8re exceptionnelle<\/h4>\n<p>Miguel Najdorf fut de longues ann\u00e9es le meilleur joueur d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique latine. Il d\u00e9fendit l&rsquo;Argentine dans de nombreuses Olympiades, avec plusieurs m\u00e9dailles d&rsquo;argent pour son \u00e9quipe, et joua jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 plus de quatre-vingts ans.<\/p>\n<h4>Un personnage<\/h4>\n<p>Homme d&rsquo;affaires prosp\u00e8re dans les assurances, chroniqueur, ami des c\u00e9l\u00e9brit\u00e9s, il \u00e9tait c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour son humour et son enthousiasme. Il meurt \u00e0 Malaga, en Espagne, le 4 juillet 1997.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:.85em;opacity:.8;\"><em>Sources : Wikip\u00e9dia (article \u00ab Miguel Najdorf \u00bb).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1939<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Olympiade de Buenos Aires avec la Pologne ; reste en Argentine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1947<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Record mondial de 45 parties simultan\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1950<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Tournoi des candidats de Budapest.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1953<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Tournoi des candidats de Zurich.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Parties comment\u00e9es<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-partie\" style=\"border-left:4px solid #b58863;background:#fbf8f3;padding:.8em 1.1em;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:4px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 .4em;\"><strong>Gl\u00fccksberg \u2013 Najdorf, Varsovie 1929<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;\">Une partie surnomm\u00e9e \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partie_immortelle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l&rsquo;Immortelle<\/a> polonaise \u00bb : Najdorf sacrifie successivement ses pi\u00e8ces pour mener le roi blanc vers le mat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En images<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Miguel_Najdorf_(1973).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/88\/Miguel_Najdorf_%281973%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Najdorf en 1973\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Miguel Najdorf en 1973. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Miguel_Najdorf_(1973).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jun%C3%ADn_Najdorf_Simult%C3%A1neas_en_C%C3%ADrculo_Italiano_1955_HJ87.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Jun%C3%ADn_Najdorf_Simult%C3%A1neas_en_C%C3%ADrculo_Italiano_1955_HJ87.jpg\/1920px-Jun%C3%ADn_Najdorf_Simult%C3%A1neas_en_C%C3%ADrculo_Italiano_1955_HJ87.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Najdorf en simultan\u00e9e\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Miguel Najdorf donnant une simultan\u00e9e \u00e0 Jun\u00edn (Argentine). <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jun%C3%ADn_Najdorf_Simult%C3%A1neas_en_C%C3%ADrculo_Italiano_1955_HJ87.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1910<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance pr\u00e8s de Varsovie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1939<\/strong> \u2014 Reste en Argentine apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;Olympiade.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1947<\/strong> \u2014 Record de 45 parties \u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1950<\/strong> \u2014 Tournoi des <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tournoi_des_candidats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">candidats<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1997<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 Malaga.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"Pa_Jqi944z8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pa_Jqi944z8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Pa_Jqi944z8\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"\u00ab L'Immortelle polonaise \u00bb de Najdorf\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption>\u00ab L&rsquo;Immortelle polonaise \u00bb de Najdorf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Liliana Najdorf, souvenirs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9 en 1910 pr\u00e8s de Varsovie, Mieczys\u0142aw Najdorf faisait partie de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe de Pologne \u00e0 l&rsquo;Olympiade de Buenos Aires, en 1939, quand \u00e9clata la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il resta en Argentine et devint Miguel Najdorf ; sa famille, rest\u00e9e en Pologne, p\u00e9rit\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35667,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35666","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Miguel Najdorf - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/miguel-najdorf\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miguel Najdorf - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e9 en 1910 pr\u00e8s de Varsovie, Mieczys\u0142aw Najdorf faisait partie de l&#039;\u00e9quipe de Pologne \u00e0 l&#039;Olympiade de Buenos Aires, en 1939, quand \u00e9clata la Seconde Guerre mondiale. 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