{"id":35573,"date":"2026-11-12T15:42:26","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T14:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/elisabeth-bykova\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T17:30:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T16:30:51","slug":"elisabeth-bykova","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/elisabeth-bykova\/","title":{"rendered":"Elisabeth Bykova"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Elisabeth Bykova (1913-1989), deux fois championne du monde<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">N\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Vladimir, Elisabeth Bykova fut la troisi\u00e8me championne du monde, titre qu&rsquo;elle conquiert en 1953 contre <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/lioudmila-roudenko\/\">Lioudmila Roudenko<\/a>. Battue par <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/olga-rubtsova\/\">Olga Rubtsova<\/a> en 1956, elle reprend le titre en 1958 et le garde jusqu&rsquo;en 1962, date de l&rsquo;av\u00e8nement de <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/nona-gaprindashvili\/\">Nona Gaprindashvili<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Une championne militante<\/h3>\n<p>Trois fois championne d&rsquo;URSS, Bykova \u00e9crit de nombreux livres et articles pour promouvoir les \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins, dont une histoire des championnes sovi\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-deep\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie compl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n<h3>Une enfance paysanne<\/h3>\n<p>Elisabeth Ivanovna Bykova na\u00eet le 4 novembre 1913 \u00e0 Bogolioubovo, pr\u00e8s de Vladimir, en Russie, dans une famille de paysans. Elle d\u00e9couvre les \u00e9checs dans sa jeunesse et s\u2019installe ensuite \u00e0 Moscou, o\u00f9 elle progresse dans les clubs de la capitale.<\/p>\n<h3>Championne d\u2019URSS<\/h3>\n<p>Bykova remporte le championnat d\u2019URSS f\u00e9minin \u00e0 plusieurs reprises \u00e0 partir de 1947. En 1949-1950, elle termine troisi\u00e8me du tournoi pour le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">championnat du monde<\/a>, remport\u00e9 par Lioudmila Roudenko, puis remporte le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tournoi_des_candidats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tournoi des candidates<\/a> de 1952.<\/p>\n<h3>Championne du monde (1953)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1953, \u00e0 Leningrad, elle bat Lioudmila Roudenko et devient la troisi\u00e8me championne du monde. En 1956, la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_internationale_des_%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FIDE<\/a> organise un match-tournoi \u00e0 trois entre Bykova, Roudenko et Olga Roubtsova : Roubtsova l\u2019emporte et prend le titre.<\/p>\n<h3>La reconqu\u00eate (1958)<\/h3>\n<p>Bykova ne s\u2019avoue pas vaincue : en 1958, elle bat Olga Roubtsova en match et redevient championne du monde. En 1959, elle d\u00e9fend victorieusement son titre contre Kira Zvorykina. Elle le perd d\u00e9finitivement en 1962 face \u00e0 la jeune G\u00e9orgienne Nona Gaprindachvili, qui l\u2019emporte nettement.<\/p>\n<h3>La promotrice des \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins<\/h3>\n<p>Bykova a beaucoup \u00e9crit sur les \u00e9checs, notamment un livre consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/vera-menchik\/\">Vera Menchik<\/a> et des ouvrages sur l\u2019histoire des \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins. Elle a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important dans la reconnaissance du jeu f\u00e9minin en Union sovi\u00e9tique. Elle meurt \u00e0 Moscou le 8 mars 1989.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>Deux fois championne<\/h4>\n<p>Elisabeth Bykova na\u00eet le 4 novembre 1913 pr\u00e8s de Vladimir. En 1953, elle bat Lioudmila Roudenko et devient la troisi\u00e8me championne du monde. Battue en 1956 par Olga Rubtsova lors d&rsquo;un tournoi \u00e0 trois, elle reprend son titre en 1958 en battant Rubtsova en match, et le conserve jusqu&rsquo;en 1962, date \u00e0 laquelle elle s&rsquo;incline face \u00e0 Nona Gaprindashvili.<\/p>\n<h4>L&rsquo;historienne<\/h4>\n<p>Elle a \u00e9crit plusieurs ouvrages sur l&rsquo;histoire des \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins et \u0153uvr\u00e9 \u00e0 leur d\u00e9veloppement en URSS. Elle meurt \u00e0 Moscou le 8 mai 1989.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:.85em;opacity:.8;\"><em>Sources : Wikip\u00e9dia (article \u00ab Elisabeth Bykova \u00bb).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1953<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Bat Lioudmila Roudenko : championne du monde.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1956<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Perd son titre lors d&rsquo;un tournoi \u00e0 trois remport\u00e9 par Olga Rubtsova.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1958<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Reprend son titre en battant Rubtsova en match.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1959<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Kira Zvorykina.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1962<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Perd son titre contre Nona Gaprindashvili.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En images<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bogolyubovo._Monastery_of_Our_Lady_of_Bogolyubovo_P7130017_2350.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Bogolyubovo._Monastery_of_Our_Lady_of_Bogolyubovo_P7130017_2350.jpg\/1920px-Bogolyubovo._Monastery_of_Our_Lady_of_Bogolyubovo_P7130017_2350.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Bogolioubovo\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Le monast\u00e8re de Bogolioubovo, pr\u00e8s de Vladimir, r\u00e9gion natale d&rsquo;Elisabeth Bykova. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bogolyubovo._Monastery_of_Our_Lady_of_Bogolyubovo_P7130017_2350.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1913<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Bogolioubovo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1953<\/strong> \u2014 Championne du monde contre Roudenko.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1956<\/strong> \u2014 Perd le titre contre Rubtsova.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1958<\/strong> \u2014 Reprend le titre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1962<\/strong> \u2014 Perd contre Gaprindashvili.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1989<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 Moscou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>FIDE, <em>Women&rsquo;s World Chess Championship<\/em>, archives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Vladimir, Elisabeth Bykova fut la troisi\u00e8me championne du monde, titre qu&rsquo;elle conquiert en 1953 contre Lioudmila Roudenko. Battue par Olga Rubtsova en 1956, elle reprend le titre en 1958 et le garde jusqu&rsquo;en 1962, date de l&rsquo;av\u00e8nement\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35577,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35573","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Elisabeth Bykova : biographie de la joueuse d&#039;\u00e9checs - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"N\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Vladimir, Elisabeth Bykova fut la troisi\u00e8me championne du monde, titre qu&#039;elle conquiert en 1953 contre Lioudmila Roudenko. 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