{"id":35452,"date":"2026-11-12T15:32:36","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T14:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/hou-yifan\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T16:15:15","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T15:15:15","slug":"hou-yifan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/hou-yifan\/","title":{"rendered":"Hou Yifan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Hou Yifan en 2016 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hou_Yifan_(29762728494)_(cropped).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Hou Yifan (n\u00e9e en 1994), la plus forte joueuse de sa g\u00e9n\u00e9ration<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">N\u00e9e \u00e0 Xinghua, en Chine, Hou Yifan devient en 2010, \u00e0 16 ans, la plus jeune championne du monde de l&rsquo;histoire. Quatre fois championne du monde, num\u00e9ro un mondiale chez les femmes pendant des ann\u00e9es, elle a aussi poursuivi une carri\u00e8re universitaire brillante, \u00e0 Oxford comme boursi\u00e8re Rhodes, puis comme professeure \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Shenzhen.<\/p>\n<h3>La championne<\/h3>\n<p>Grand ma\u00eetre \u00e0 14 ans, elle remporte le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">championnat du monde<\/a> f\u00e9minin en 2010, 2011, 2013 et 2016. Elle joue r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement contre l&rsquo;\u00e9lite masculine et s&rsquo;impose dans de grands opens mixtes, comme celui de Gibraltar en 2012.<\/p>\n<h3>La passeuse<\/h3>\n<p>Elle milite pour la place des femmes dans les \u00e9checs et dans les sciences, et consacre une part croissante de son temps \u00e0 l&rsquo;enseignement et \u00e0 la recherche.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-deep\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie compl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n<h3>Une enfance \u00e0 Xinghua<\/h3>\n<p>Hou Yifan na\u00eet le 27 f\u00e9vrier 1994 \u00e0 Xinghua, dans la province du Jiangsu, en Chine. Elle s\u2019int\u00e9resse aux \u00e9checs d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge de trois ans, fascin\u00e9e par les pi\u00e8ces qu\u2019elle aper\u00e7oit dans une vitrine. Ses parents l\u2019encouragent, et son talent exceptionnel la conduit rapidement \u00e0 P\u00e9kin, o\u00f9 elle s\u2019entra\u00eene au sein de l\u2019\u00e9quipe nationale chinoise sous la direction du grand ma\u00eetre Ye Jiangchuan.<\/p>\n<h3>La plus jeune grand ma\u00eetre<\/h3>\n<p>Ses progr\u00e8s sont spectaculaires. D\u00e8s 2006, \u00e0 12 ans, elle participe \u00e0 son premier championnat du monde f\u00e9minin, et en 2007 elle devient la plus jeune championne de Chine de l\u2019histoire. En 2008, \u00e0 14 ans, elle obtient le titre de grand <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma%C3%AEtre_international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ma\u00eetre international<\/a> (titre mixte, et non f\u00e9minin), devenant la plus jeune femme de l\u2019histoire \u00e0 y parvenir \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, elle atteint la finale du championnat du monde f\u00e9minin \u00e0 Naltchik, perdue face \u00e0 la Russe Alexandra Kosteniouk.<\/p>\n<h3>Championne du monde \u00e0 16 ans<\/h3>\n<p>En d\u00e9cembre 2010, \u00e0 Hatay, en Turquie, elle remporte le championnat du monde f\u00e9minin \u00e0 \u00e9limination directe en battant sa compatriote Ruan Lufei en finale. \u00c0 16 ans, elle devient la plus jeune championne du monde de l\u2019histoire des \u00e9checs.<\/p>\n<p>En 2011, elle d\u00e9fend victorieusement son titre en match contre l\u2019Indienne Koneru Humpy \u00e0 Tirana. \u00c9limin\u00e9e pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment lors du championnat 2012 \u00e0 \u00e9limination directe, elle reconquiert la couronne en 2013 en battant Anna Ouchenina (5,5-1,5), puis la conserve en 2016 face \u00e0 Mariya Muzychuk \u00e0 Lviv (6-3).<\/p>\n<h3>Une joueuse parmi les meilleurs<\/h3>\n<p>Hou Yifan pr\u00e9f\u00e8re se mesurer aux hommes plut\u00f4t que de rester dans les comp\u00e9titions f\u00e9minines. Elle dispute r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des tournois mixtes de haut niveau et bat plusieurs grands ma\u00eetres de l\u2019\u00e9lite mondiale. En 2015, elle atteint son meilleur <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classement_Elo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">classement Elo<\/a>, 2686, et figure un temps parmi les 60 meilleurs joueurs du monde, tous sexes confondus.<\/p>\n<p>En 2017, lors de l\u2019Open de Gibraltar, elle proteste publiquement contre le fait d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 appari\u00e9e contre sept femmes en dix rondes, ce qu\u2019elle juge anormal : elle abandonne sa derni\u00e8re partie au cinqui\u00e8me coup. Ce geste suscite un large d\u00e9bat dans le monde des \u00e9checs.<\/p>\n<h3>Le choix des \u00e9tudes<\/h3>\n<p>En 2017, elle renonce \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre son titre mondial, en critiquant le format du championnat \u00e0 \u00e9limination directe. Elle se tourne vers les \u00e9tudes : dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de P\u00e9kin, elle obtient en 2018 une bourse Rhodes pour \u00e9tudier \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 d\u2019Oxford.<\/p>\n<p>En 2020, \u00e0 26 ans, elle devient professeure \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Shenzhen, o\u00f9 elle d\u00e9veloppe l\u2019enseignement des \u00e9checs, ce qui fait d\u2019elle l\u2019une des plus jeunes professeures de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019universit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e9ritage<\/h3>\n<p>Avec Judit Polg\u00e1r, Hou Yifan est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019une des deux plus grandes joueuses de l\u2019histoire. Elle a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019une femme pouvait rivaliser avec l\u2019\u00e9lite masculine tout en menant une brillante carri\u00e8re universitaire. Elle continue de jouer ponctuellement et de promouvoir les \u00e9checs comme outil d\u2019\u00e9ducation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>Jeunesse<\/h4>\n<p>Hou Yifan na\u00eet le 27 f\u00e9vrier 1994 \u00e0 Xinghua, dans la province du Jiangsu. Elle devient <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_ma%C3%AEtre_international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grand ma\u00eetre<\/a> en 2008, \u00e0 quatorze ans, et dispute la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e la finale du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d'%C3%A9checs_f%C3%A9minin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">championnat du monde f\u00e9minin<\/a>, perdue contre <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/alexandra-kosteniuk\/\">Alexandra Kosteniuk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>Quatre fois championne du monde<\/h4>\n<p>En 2010, \u00e0 seize ans, elle devient la plus jeune championne du monde de l&rsquo;histoire. Elle bat <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/koneru-humpy\/\">Koneru Humpy<\/a> en 2011, reprend son titre en 2013 face \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/anna-ouchenina\/\">Anna Ouchenina<\/a>, puis le reconquiert en 2016 contre <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/mariya-muzychuk\/\">Mariya Muzychuk<\/a>. Elle renonce ensuite \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre sa couronne, en d\u00e9saccord avec le syst\u00e8me des championnats \u00e0 \u00e9limination directe.<\/p>\n<h4>Contre les meilleurs<\/h4>\n<p>Elle a battu plusieurs des meilleurs joueurs du monde, comme <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/veselin-topalov\/\">Veselin Topalov<\/a> \u00e0 Gibraltar en 2012. Son classement a atteint 2686, le deuxi\u00e8me meilleur de l&rsquo;histoire chez les femmes apr\u00e8s <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/judit-polgar\/\">Judit Polg\u00e1r<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>L&rsquo;universitaire<\/h4>\n<p>Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de P\u00e9kin, boursi\u00e8re Rhodes \u00e0 Oxford (2018), elle devient en 2020 professeure \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Shenzhen, o\u00f9 elle d\u00e9veloppe l&rsquo;enseignement des \u00e9checs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:.85em;opacity:.8;\"><em>Sources : Wikip\u00e9dia (article \u00ab Hou Yifan \u00bb), <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_internationale_des_%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FIDE<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2008<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Grand ma\u00eetre \u00e0 quatorze ans ; finaliste du championnat du monde.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2010<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Championne du monde \u00e0 seize ans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2011<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Koneru Humpy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2012<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Bat Veselin Topalov \u00e0 Gibraltar.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2013<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Reprend son titre contre Anna Ouchenina.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2016<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Reprend son titre contre Mariya Muzychuk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Boursi\u00e8re Rhodes \u00e0 Oxford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Professeure \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Shenzhen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En images<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hou_Yifan_2017_Baden-Baden.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/Hou_Yifan_2017_Baden-Baden.jpeg\/1920px-Hou_Yifan_2017_Baden-Baden.jpeg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Hou Yifan \u00e0 Baden-Baden, 2017\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Hou Yifan au tournoi de Baden-Baden en 2017. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hou_Yifan_2017_Baden-Baden.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"hKjGHUs9AZI\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hKjGHUs9AZI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/hKjGHUs9AZI\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Hou Yifan gagne un tournoi\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption>Hou Yifan gagne un tournoi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1994<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Xinghua.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2008<\/strong> \u2014 Grand ma\u00eetre \u00e0 14 ans.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2010<\/strong> \u2014 Plus jeune championne du monde.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2016<\/strong> \u2014 Quatri\u00e8me titre mondial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2018<\/strong> \u2014 Boursi\u00e8re Rhodes \u00e0 Oxford.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Site officiel de la FIDE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9e \u00e0 Xinghua, en Chine, Hou Yifan devient en 2010, \u00e0 16 ans, la plus jeune championne du monde de l&rsquo;histoire. Quatre fois championne du monde, num\u00e9ro un mondiale chez les femmes pendant des ann\u00e9es, elle a aussi poursuivi une carri\u00e8re universitaire\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35453,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35452","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hou Yifan - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/hou-yifan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hou Yifan - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e9e \u00e0 Xinghua, en Chine, Hou Yifan devient en 2010, \u00e0 16 ans, la plus jeune championne du monde de l&#039;histoire. 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