{"id":35432,"date":"2026-11-12T15:31:52","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T14:31:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/maia-tchibourdanidze\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T17:26:47","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T16:26:47","slug":"maia-tchibourdanidze","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/maia-tchibourdanidze\/","title":{"rendered":"Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chiburdanidze_Maia.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 2.0)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 (n\u00e9e en 1961), la plus jeune championne du monde<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">N\u00e9e \u00e0 Kouta\u00efssi en G\u00e9orgie, Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 devient en 1978, \u00e0 17 ans, championne du monde en battant sa compatriote <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/nona-gaprindashvili\/\">Nona Gaprindashvili<\/a>. Elle conserve le titre jusqu&rsquo;en 1991, date \u00e0 laquelle elle est battue par la Chinoise <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/xie-jun\/\">Xie Jun<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Un long r\u00e8gne<\/h3>\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8me femme \u00e0 obtenir le titre de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_ma%C3%AEtre_international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grand ma\u00eetre international<\/a> (1984), Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 d\u00e9fend victorieusement son titre contre Nana Alexandria, Irina Levitina, Elena Akhmylovska\u00efa et Nana Ioseliani. Elle m\u00e8ne la G\u00e9orgie \u00e0 la m\u00e9daille d&rsquo;or des <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olympiade_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olympiades<\/a> f\u00e9minines de 1992, 1994 et 1996.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-deep\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie compl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n<h3>Une enfant de Kouta\u00efssi<\/h3>\n<p>Ma\u00efa Grigorievna Tchibourdanidze na\u00eet le 17 janvier 1961 \u00e0 Kouta\u00efssi, en G\u00e9orgie. Elle apprend les \u00e9checs vers huit ans, dans une G\u00e9orgie enthousiasm\u00e9e par les succ\u00e8s de Nona Gaprindachvili. Form\u00e9e \u00e0 Tbilissi par l\u2019entra\u00eeneur Edouard Gufeld, elle progresse \u00e0 une vitesse exceptionnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Championne du monde \u00e0 17 ans (1978)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1977, \u00e0 16 ans, Tchibourdanidze remporte les matchs des candidates. En 1978, \u00e0 Pitsounda, elle affronte sa compatriote et mod\u00e8le, Nona Gaprindachvili, et l\u2019emporte 8,5-6,5. \u00c0 17 ans, elle devient la plus jeune championne du monde de l\u2019histoire, record qui tiendra jusqu\u2019\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/hou-yifan\/\">Hou Yifan<\/a> en 2010.<\/p>\n<h3>Treize ans de r\u00e8gne<\/h3>\n<p>Tchibourdanidze d\u00e9fend son titre \u00e0 quatre reprises : contre Nana Alexandria en 1981 (8-8, le match nul lui suffit), contre Irina Levitina en 1984, contre Elena Akhmylovska\u00efa en 1986 et contre Nana Iosseliani en 1988. Elle est la deuxi\u00e8me femme, apr\u00e8s Gaprindachvili, \u00e0 obtenir le titre de grand ma\u00eetre international (1984).<\/p>\n<h3>La fin d\u2019une \u00e9poque (1991)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1991, \u00e0 Manille, Tchibourdanidze perd son titre face \u00e0 la jeune Chinoise Xie Jun (6,5-8,5). Cette d\u00e9faite marque la fin de la domination g\u00e9orgienne et sovi\u00e9tique sur les \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins, et le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ascension de la Chine.<\/p>\n<h3>Les Olympiades<\/h3>\n<p>Tchibourdanidze est l\u2019une des joueuses les plus titr\u00e9es de l\u2019histoire des Olympiades d\u2019\u00e9checs. Avec l\u2019URSS, puis avec la G\u00e9orgie ind\u00e9pendante, elle remporte de nombreuses m\u00e9dailles d\u2019or par \u00e9quipes, notamment en 1992, 1994 et 1996 pour la G\u00e9orgie, souvent au premier \u00e9chiquier.<\/p>\n<h3>Le style et la personnalit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Joueuse \u00e9nergique et combative, excellente tacticienne, Tchibourdanidze est aussi connue pour sa profonde foi orthodoxe et sa discr\u00e9tion. Elle continue de jouer dans les comp\u00e9titions par \u00e9quipes et de repr\u00e9senter la G\u00e9orgie, o\u00f9 elle reste une figure tr\u00e8s respect\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>Jeunesse<\/h4>\n<p>Ma\u00efa Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 na\u00eet le 17 janvier 1961 \u00e0 Kouta\u00efssi, en G\u00e9orgie. Enfant prodige, elle b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de l&rsquo;\u00e9lan suscit\u00e9 par Nona Gaprindashvili.<\/p>\n<h4>Championne du monde (1978-1991)<\/h4>\n<p>En 1978, \u00e0 dix-sept ans, elle bat Nona Gaprindashvili et devient la plus jeune championne du monde de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque. Elle conserve son titre treize ans, contre Nana Alexandria (1981, match nul), Irina Levitina (1984), Elena Akhmilovska\u00efa (1986) et Nana Ioseliani (1988), avant de le perdre en 1991 face \u00e0 la Chinoise Xie Jun.<\/p>\n<h4>Une grande joueuse<\/h4>\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8me femme \u00e0 recevoir le titre de grand <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma%C3%AEtre_international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ma\u00eetre international<\/a> (1984), elle remporte de tr\u00e8s nombreuses m\u00e9dailles d&rsquo;or olympiques avec l&rsquo;URSS puis la G\u00e9orgie. Elle est aussi connue pour son caract\u00e8re discret.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:.85em;opacity:.8;\"><em>Sources : Wikip\u00e9dia (article \u00ab Ma\u00efa Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 \u00bb), <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_internationale_des_%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FIDE<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1977<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Vainqueur du cycle des <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tournoi_des_candidats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">candidates<\/a> \u00e0 seize ans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1978<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Bat Gaprindashvili : championne du monde \u00e0 dix-sept ans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1981<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Nana Alexandria (match nul).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1984<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Irina Levitina ; grand ma\u00eetre international (mixte).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1986<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Elena Akhmilovska\u00efa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1988<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Nana Ioseliani.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1991<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Perd son titre contre Xie Jun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En images<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chiburdanidze,Maja_1980_Malta.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6b\/Chiburdanidze%2CMaja_1980_Malta.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 \u00e0 Malte, 1980\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Olympiade de Malte en 1980. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chiburdanidze,Maja_1980_Malta.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"Eoa4Dx3bIbQ\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Eoa4Dx3bIbQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Eoa4Dx3bIbQ\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Une partie de Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption>Une partie de Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1961<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Kouta\u00efssi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1978<\/strong> \u2014 Championne du monde \u00e0 17 ans.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1984<\/strong> \u2014 Grand ma\u00eetre international.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1991<\/strong> \u2014 Perd le titre contre Xie Jun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>FIDE, <em>Women&rsquo;s World Chess Championship<\/em>, archives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9e \u00e0 Kouta\u00efssi en G\u00e9orgie, Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 devient en 1978, \u00e0 17 ans, championne du monde en battant sa compatriote Nona Gaprindashvili. Elle conserve le titre jusqu&rsquo;en 1991, date \u00e0 laquelle elle est battue par la Chinoise Xie Jun.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35433,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35432","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/maia-tchibourdanidze\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e9e \u00e0 Kouta\u00efssi en G\u00e9orgie, Maia Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 devient en 1978, \u00e0 17 ans, championne du monde en battant sa compatriote Nona Gaprindashvili. 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