{"id":35427,"date":"2026-11-12T15:31:47","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T14:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/nona-gaprindashvili\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T17:26:46","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T16:26:46","slug":"nona-gaprindashvili","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/nona-gaprindashvili\/","title":{"rendered":"Nona Gaprindashvili"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Nona Gaprindashvili en 1963 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nona_Gaprindashvili_1963.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Nona Gaprindashvili (n\u00e9e en 1941), la premi\u00e8re femme grand ma\u00eetre<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">N\u00e9e en G\u00e9orgie, Nona Gaprindashvili fut championne du monde de 1962 \u00e0 1978 et, en 1978, la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 recevoir le titre de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_ma%C3%AEtre_international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grand ma\u00eetre international<\/a> (mixte). Son triomphe fit des \u00e9checs le sport roi des femmes g\u00e9orgiennes.<\/p>\n<h3>La championne<\/h3>\n<p>En 1962, elle bat <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/elisabeth-bykova\/\">Elisabeth Bykova<\/a> et devient championne du monde \u00e0 21 ans ; elle d\u00e9fend son titre quatre fois avant de le perdre en 1978 face \u00e0 sa compatriote Maia <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/maia-tchibourdanidze\/\">Tchibourdanidz\u00e9<\/a>. En 1977, elle partage la premi\u00e8re place du tournoi mixte de Lone Pine (Californie).<\/p>\n<h3>Une ic\u00f4ne<\/h3>\n<p>En G\u00e9orgie, un parfum porte son nom, et on donnait son pr\u00e9nom aux petites filles. Elle m\u00e8ne l&rsquo;URSS puis la G\u00e9orgie \u00e0 de nombreuses victoires aux <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olympiade_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olympiades<\/a> f\u00e9minines et reste active chez les seniors au-del\u00e0 de 80 ans.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-deep\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie compl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n<h3>Une enfance \u00e0 Zougdidi<\/h3>\n<p>Nona Terentievna Gaprindachvili na\u00eet le 3 mai 1941 \u00e0 Zougdidi, dans l\u2019ouest de la G\u00e9orgie, alors r\u00e9publique sovi\u00e9tique. Seule fille d\u2019une famille de six enfants, elle apprend les \u00e9checs avec ses fr\u00e8res. Rep\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 douze ans par l\u2019entra\u00eeneur Vakhtang Karseladze, elle part s\u2019entra\u00eener \u00e0 Tbilissi, o\u00f9 elle progresse tr\u00e8s rapidement.<\/p>\n<h3>Championne du monde \u00e0 21 ans (1962)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1961, elle remporte le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tournoi_des_candidats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tournoi des candidates<\/a> de Vrnja\u010dka Banja, en Yougoslavie, et obtient le droit de d\u00e9fier la championne du monde Elisabeth Bykova. Le match se dispute \u00e0 Moscou en 1962 : Gaprindachvili l\u2019emporte 9-2, sans perdre une seule partie. \u00c0 21 ans, elle devient la cinqui\u00e8me championne du monde de l\u2019histoire.<\/p>\n<h3>Seize ans de r\u00e8gne<\/h3>\n<p>Gaprindachvili conserve son titre pendant seize ans. Elle bat \u00e0 trois reprises la Russe Alla Kouchnir, en 1965, 1969 et 1972, puis la Sovi\u00e9tique Nana Alexandria en 1975. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, la G\u00e9orgie devient la grande nation des \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019enthousiasme suscit\u00e9 par ses succ\u00e8s : des milliers de jeunes filles se mettent \u00e0 jouer.<\/p>\n<h3>La pionni\u00e8re face aux hommes<\/h3>\n<p>Gaprindachvili est la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 affronter r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les hommes dans de grands tournois internationaux. En 1977, elle termine premi\u00e8re ex aequo de l\u2019open de Lone Pine, aux \u00c9tats-Unis, devant de nombreux grands ma\u00eetres. En 1978, elle devient la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 recevoir le titre de grand ma\u00eetre international (masculin), une distinction historique.<\/p>\n<h3>La passation \u00e0 Tchibourdanidze<\/h3>\n<p>En 1978, \u00e0 Pitsounda, Gaprindachvili perd son titre face \u00e0 une autre G\u00e9orgienne, la jeune Ma\u00efa Tchibourdanidze, \u00e2g\u00e9e de 17 ans. Elle reste ensuite parmi les meilleures joueuses du monde et m\u00e8ne l\u2019\u00e9quipe sovi\u00e9tique, puis g\u00e9orgienne, \u00e0 de nombreuses victoires aux Olympiades d\u2019\u00e9checs f\u00e9minines.<\/p>\n<h3>Une vie au service du sport<\/h3>\n<p>De 1989 \u00e0 1996, elle pr\u00e9side le Comit\u00e9 national olympique de G\u00e9orgie. Elle remporte aussi \u00e0 plusieurs reprises le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">championnat du monde<\/a> des seniors. Un troph\u00e9e de la FIDE, la \u00ab Coupe Nona Gaprindachvili \u00bb, r\u00e9compense depuis 1997 la nation ayant le meilleur r\u00e9sultat cumul\u00e9 aux Olympiades open et f\u00e9minine.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019affaire \u00ab Le Jeu de la dame \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>En 2021, la s\u00e9rie \u00ab Le Jeu de la dame \u00bb (Netflix) affirme \u00e0 tort qu\u2019elle n\u2019avait \u00ab jamais affront\u00e9 d\u2019hommes \u00bb. Gaprindachvili, qui en avait affront\u00e9 des dizaines, porte plainte pour diffamation. L\u2019affaire se conclut en 2022 par un accord amiable. Cet \u00e9pisode a rappel\u00e9 au grand public le r\u00f4le pionnier de la championne g\u00e9orgienne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>L&rsquo;enfant de Zougdidi<\/h4>\n<p>Nona Gaprindashvili na\u00eet le 3 mai 1941 \u00e0 Zougdidi, en G\u00e9orgie. Seule fille d&rsquo;une fratrie de gar\u00e7ons, elle d\u00e9couvre les \u00e9checs en famille et rejoint tr\u00e8s jeune le palais des Pionniers de Tbilissi.<\/p>\n<h4>Championne du monde (1962-1978)<\/h4>\n<p>En 1962, elle bat Elisabeth Bykova (9 points \u00e0 2, sans perdre une partie) et devient championne du monde. Elle conserve son titre seize ans, en battant Alla Kouchnir \u00e0 trois reprises (1965, 1969, 1972) puis Nana Alexandria (1975), avant de le perdre en 1978 face \u00e0 sa jeune compatriote Ma\u00efa Tchibourdanidz\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4>Pionni\u00e8re face aux hommes<\/h4>\n<p>Elle s&rsquo;impose dans des tournois masculins, notamment \u00e0 Lone Pine en 1977, o\u00f9 elle partage la premi\u00e8re place. En 1978, elle devient la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 recevoir le titre de grand <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma%C3%AEtre_international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ma\u00eetre international<\/a> (mixte). Elle remporte de nombreuses m\u00e9dailles d&rsquo;or olympiques avec l&rsquo;URSS puis la G\u00e9orgie, et joue encore \u00e0 plus de quatre-vingts ans.<\/p>\n<h4>H\u00e9ritage<\/h4>\n<p>Elle a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 en G\u00e9orgie une passion nationale pour les \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins. En 2022, elle obtient r\u00e9paration de Netflix pour une r\u00e9plique erron\u00e9e de la s\u00e9rie <em>Le Jeu de la dame<\/em>, qui affirmait qu&rsquo;elle n&rsquo;avait jamais affront\u00e9 d&rsquo;hommes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:.85em;opacity:.8;\"><em>Sources : Wikip\u00e9dia (article \u00ab Nona Gaprindashvili \u00bb), <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_internationale_des_%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FIDE<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1962<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Bat Bykova : championne du monde.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1965<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Alla Kouchnir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1969<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Kouchnir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1972<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Kouchnir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1975<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre contre Nana Alexandria.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1977<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Premier ex aequo de l&rsquo;open de Lone Pine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1978<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Perd son titre contre Ma\u00efa Tchibourdanidz\u00e9 ; premi\u00e8re femme grand ma\u00eetre international (mixte).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En images<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gaprindashvili_Nona_gives_the_cup_(29327522763).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Gaprindashvili_Nona_gives_the_cup_%2829327522763%29.jpg\/1920px-Gaprindashvili_Nona_gives_the_cup_%2829327522763%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Gaprindashvili en simultan\u00e9e\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Nona Gaprindashvili donnant une partie simultan\u00e9e. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gaprindashvili_Nona_gives_the_cup_(29327522763).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"9V_sTblUsjU\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9V_sTblUsjU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/9V_sTblUsjU\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Une miniature de Nona Gaprindashvili\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption>Une miniature de Nona Gaprindashvili<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1941<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Zougdidi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1962<\/strong> \u2014 Championne du monde.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1977<\/strong> \u2014 Ex \u00e6quo premier \u00e0 Lone Pine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1978<\/strong> \u2014 Perd le titre ; grand ma\u00eetre international.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>FIDE, <em>Women&rsquo;s World Chess Championship<\/em>, archives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9e en G\u00e9orgie, Nona Gaprindashvili fut championne du monde de 1962 \u00e0 1978 et, en 1978, la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 recevoir le titre de grand ma\u00eetre international (mixte). Son triomphe fit des \u00e9checs le sport roi des femmes g\u00e9orgiennes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35428,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35427","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nona Gaprindashvili - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/nona-gaprindashvili\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nona Gaprindashvili - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e9e en G\u00e9orgie, Nona Gaprindashvili fut championne du monde de 1962 \u00e0 1978 et, en 1978, la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 recevoir le titre de grand ma\u00eetre international (mixte). 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