{"id":35294,"date":"2026-11-12T15:20:52","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T14:20:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/vera-menchik\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T08:46:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T07:46:17","slug":"vera-menchik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/vera-menchik\/","title":{"rendered":"Vera Menchik"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Vera Menchik en 1926 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vera_Menchik_1926.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Vera Menchik (1906-1944), premi\u00e8re championne du monde<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">N\u00e9e \u00e0 Moscou d&rsquo;un p\u00e8re tch\u00e8que et d&rsquo;une m\u00e8re anglaise, install\u00e9e en Angleterre, Vera Menchik fut la premi\u00e8re championne du monde d&rsquo;\u00e9checs, de 1927 \u00e0 sa mort en 1944. Elle osa affronter les meilleurs joueurs masculins de son temps dans les grands tournois, et en battit plusieurs.<\/p>\n<h3>La championne<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de la premi\u00e8re <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olympiade_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olympiade<\/a> f\u00e9minine, \u00e0 Londres en 1927, Menchik remporte le titre mondial. Elle le d\u00e9fend sept fois, avec une domination \u00e9crasante : sur 83 parties de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d'%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">championnat du monde<\/a>, elle n&rsquo;en perd qu&rsquo;une seule.<\/p>\n<h3>Le club Menchik<\/h3>\n<p>Quand Albert Becker, joueur autrichien, ironisa en 1929 sur sa participation au tournoi de Carlsbad, puis perdit contre elle, on appela par plaisanterie \u00ab club Vera Menchik \u00bb le cercle des ma\u00eetres qu&rsquo;elle avait battus : <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/max-euwe\/\">Euwe<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/mir-sultan-khan\/\">Sultan Khan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/edgard-colle\/\">Colle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/samuel-reshevsky\/\">Reshevsky<\/a>. Elle meurt en 1944 \u00e0 Londres, tu\u00e9e avec sa m\u00e8re et sa s\u0153ur par un missile V1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-deep\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie compl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n<h3>Entre la Russie et l\u2019Angleterre<\/h3>\n<p>Vera Frantsevna Menchik na\u00eet \u00e0 Moscou le 16 f\u00e9vrier 1906, d\u2019un p\u00e8re tch\u00e8que, g\u00e9rant de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, et d\u2019une m\u00e8re anglaise. Son p\u00e8re lui apprend les \u00e9checs vers l\u2019\u00e2ge de neuf ans. Apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volution russe et la s\u00e9paration de ses parents, sa m\u00e8re s\u2019installe en 1921 avec ses deux filles, Vera et Olga, \u00e0 Hastings, sur la c\u00f4te sud de l\u2019Angleterre.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve de Mar\u00f3czy<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 Hastings, ville d\u2019\u00e9checs renomm\u00e9e pour son tournoi de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e, Vera rejoint le club local et prend des le\u00e7ons aupr\u00e8s du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_ma%C3%AEtre_international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grand ma\u00eetre<\/a> hongrois G\u00e9za Mar\u00f3czy, qui d\u00e9veloppe chez elle un style solide et positionnel. Elle progresse rapidement et commence \u00e0 affronter des joueurs masculins de bon niveau.<\/p>\n<h3>La premi\u00e8re championne du monde (1927)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1927, la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_internationale_des_%C3%A9checs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FIDE<\/a> organise \u00e0 Londres, en marge de la premi\u00e8re Olympiade, un tournoi pour d\u00e9signer la championne du monde. Vera Menchik le remporte avec 10\u00bd points sur 11. Elle d\u00e9fend ensuite son titre lors de tous les championnats suivants \u2014 Hambourg 1930, Prague 1931, Folkestone 1933, Varsovie 1935, Stockholm 1937 et Buenos Aires 1939 \u2014, presque toujours avec une \u00e9crasante sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9, et bat \u00e0 deux reprises en match l\u2019Allemande Sonja Graf, sa principale rivale.<\/p>\n<h3>Le \u00ab club Vera Menchik \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>Menchik est la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 participer r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement aux grands tournois masculins. Au tournoi de Carlsbad 1929, le ma\u00eetre autrichien Albert Becker aurait plaisant\u00e9 en proposant de faire entrer dans un \u00ab club Vera Menchik \u00bb tout joueur qui perdrait contre elle ; il en devint lui-m\u00eame le premier membre. Le \u00ab club \u00bb compta ensuite des membres prestigieux, dont le futur champion du monde Max Euwe.<\/p>\n<h3>Vie personnelle<\/h3>\n<p>En 1937, elle \u00e9pouse Rufus Henry Streatfeild Stevenson, r\u00e9dacteur en chef du <em>British Chess Magazine<\/em>, qui meurt en 1943. Elle dirige alors le National Chess Centre de Londres et enseigne les \u00e9checs.<\/p>\n<h3>Une fin tragique<\/h3>\n<p>Le 26 juin 1944, une bombe volante V1 frappe sa maison de Clapham, dans le sud de Londres : Vera Menchik, sa m\u00e8re et sa s\u0153ur Olga sont tu\u00e9es. Elle \u00e9tait toujours championne du monde, titre qu\u2019elle d\u00e9tenait depuis dix-sept ans.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e9ritage<\/h3>\n<p>La Coupe Vera-Menchik r\u00e9compense depuis 1957 l\u2019\u00e9quipe championne olympique f\u00e9minine. Elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la pionni\u00e8re des \u00e9checs f\u00e9minins de comp\u00e9tition et a ouvert la voie aux grandes championnes qui lui ont succ\u00e9d\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>Entre Moscou et l&rsquo;Angleterre<\/h4>\n<p>Vera Frantsevna Menchik na\u00eet \u00e0 Moscou le 16 f\u00e9vrier 1906, d&rsquo;un p\u00e8re tch\u00e8que et d&rsquo;une m\u00e8re anglaise. Apr\u00e8s la R\u00e9volution, la famille s&rsquo;installe en 1921 \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tournoi_d'%C3%A9checs_de_Hastings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hastings<\/a>, en Angleterre, o\u00f9 elle devient l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve de <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/geza-maroczy\/\">G\u00e9za Mar\u00f3czy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>La premi\u00e8re championne du monde<\/h4>\n<p>En 1927, \u00e0 Londres, elle remporte le premier <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d'%C3%A9checs_f%C3%A9minin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">championnat du monde f\u00e9minin<\/a>, organis\u00e9 en marge de l&rsquo;Olympiade. Elle conserve son titre jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 sa mort, en remportant tous les tournois de championnat (1930, 1931, 1933, 1935, 1937, 1939) et deux matchs contre l&rsquo;Allemande Sonja Graf (1934 et 1937), avec une sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 \u00e9crasante.<\/p>\n<h4>Contre les hommes<\/h4>\n<p>Elle est la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 disputer r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les grands tournois masculins. Elle y bat plusieurs joueurs de premier plan, dont Max Euwe, futur champion du monde ; on parlait en plaisantant du \u00ab club Vera Menchik \u00bb pour d\u00e9signer les ma\u00eetres qu&rsquo;elle avait vaincus.<\/p>\n<h4>Une fin tragique<\/h4>\n<p>Le 26 juin 1944, elle est tu\u00e9e \u00e0 Londres avec sa m\u00e8re et sa s\u0153ur Olga par une bombe volante V1 tomb\u00e9e sur leur maison de Clapham. La Coupe Vera-Menchik r\u00e9compense depuis l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe championne olympique f\u00e9minine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:.85em;opacity:.8;\"><em>Sources : Wikip\u00e9dia (article \u00ab Vera Menchik \u00bb).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1921<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">S&rsquo;installe \u00e0 Hastings ; \u00e9l\u00e8ve de G\u00e9za Mar\u00f3czy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1927<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Remporte le premier championnat du monde f\u00e9minin, \u00e0 Londres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1930<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre \u00e0 Hambourg.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1931<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre \u00e0 Prague.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1933<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre \u00e0 Folkestone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1934<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Bat Sonja Graf en match.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1935<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre \u00e0 Varsovie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1937<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Bat de nouveau Sonja Graf en match pour le titre ; conserve son titre \u00e0 Stockholm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1939<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Conserve son titre \u00e0 Buenos Aires.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1944<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Tu\u00e9e lors d&rsquo;un bombardement \u00e0 Londres, toujours championne du monde.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En images<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vera_Menchik_and_Olga_Menchik_cutouts_February_1926_BCM.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/77\/Vera_Menchik_and_Olga_Menchik_cutouts_February_1926_BCM.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Vera et Olga Menchik\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Vera Menchik et sa s\u0153ur Olga. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vera_Menchik_and_Olga_Menchik_cutouts_February_1926_BCM.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1906<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Moscou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1921<\/strong> \u2014 Installation en Angleterre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1927<\/strong> \u2014 Premi\u00e8re championne du monde.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1929<\/strong> \u2014 Tournoi de Carlsbad.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1944<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 Londres sous un bombardement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"ZZEhBY91cJo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZZEhBY91cJo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/ZZEhBY91cJo\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Vera Menchik, la premi\u00e8re championne du monde\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption>Vera Menchik, la premi\u00e8re championne du monde<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"EN8KH1kuNxM\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EN8KH1kuNxM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/EN8KH1kuNxM\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Vera Menchik, championne du monde (\u00c9checs de l\u00e9gende, imineo)\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption>Vera Menchik, championne du monde (\u00c9checs de l\u00e9gende, imineo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Robert Tanner, <em>Vera Menchik<\/em>, McFarland.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9e \u00e0 Moscou d&rsquo;un p\u00e8re tch\u00e8que et d&rsquo;une m\u00e8re anglaise, install\u00e9e en Angleterre, Vera Menchik fut la premi\u00e8re championne du monde d&rsquo;\u00e9checs, de 1927 \u00e0 sa mort en 1944. Elle osa affronter les meilleurs joueurs masculins de son temps dans les grands\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35295,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35294","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vera Menchik - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/vera-menchik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vera Menchik - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e9e \u00e0 Moscou d&#039;un p\u00e8re tch\u00e8que et d&#039;une m\u00e8re anglaise, install\u00e9e en Angleterre, Vera Menchik fut la premi\u00e8re championne du monde d&#039;\u00e9checs, de 1927 \u00e0 sa mort en 1944. 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