{"id":35180,"date":"2026-11-12T15:15:41","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T14:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/philidor-joueur-d-echecs\/"},"modified":"2026-11-13T00:51:13","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T23:51:13","slug":"philidor-joueur-d-echecs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/philidor-joueur-d-echecs\/","title":{"rendered":"Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Portrait de Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Philidor_(1726-1795).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\"><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\"><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor (1726-1795), \u00ab les pions sont l&rsquo;\u00e2me des \u00e9checs \u00bb<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Compositeur d&rsquo;op\u00e9ras c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris et meilleur joueur d&rsquo;\u00e9checs de son temps, Philidor est le premier grand th\u00e9oricien du jeu. Son <em>Analyse du jeu des \u00e9checs<\/em> (1749), traduite dans toute l&rsquo;Europe, affirme une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire : \u00ab les pions sont l&rsquo;\u00e2me des \u00e9checs \u00bb. Il domine les \u00e9chiquiers d&rsquo;Europe pendant pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un demi-si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<h3>Musicien et joueur<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00e9 \u00e0 Dreux dans une famille de musiciens de la cour, page de la chapelle royale, Philidor apprend les \u00e9checs en regardant les musiciens jouer en attendant les offices. Au <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caf%C3%A9_de_la_R%C3%A9gence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">caf\u00e9 de la R\u00e9gence<\/a>, \u00e0 Paris, il bat bient\u00f4t L\u00e9gal de Kermeur, le meilleur joueur fran\u00e7ais. En parall\u00e8le, il devient l&rsquo;un des cr\u00e9ateurs de l&rsquo;op\u00e9ra-comique (<em>Tom Jones<\/em>, 1765 ; <em>Ernelinde<\/em>, 1767).<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;Analyse du jeu des \u00e9checs<\/h3>\n<p>Publi\u00e9e \u00e0 Londres en 1749, son <em>Analyse<\/em> est le premier livre qui propose une v\u00e9ritable strat\u00e9gie : structure de pions, cha\u00eenes, pions pass\u00e9s, coordination des pi\u00e8ces. La <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A9fense_Philidor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u00e9fense Philidor<\/a> (1.e4 e5 2.Cf3 d6) porte son nom, ainsi que la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Position_de_Philidor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">position de Philidor<\/a> dans la finale tour et fou contre tour, et le \u00ab mat de Philidor \u00bb (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mat_%C3%A0_l'%C3%A9touff%C3%A9e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mat \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9touff\u00e9e<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3>Le joueur \u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle<\/h3>\n<p>Philidor stup\u00e9fie le public londonien en jouant plusieurs parties simultan\u00e9ment les yeux band\u00e9s, exploit alors jug\u00e9 presque surnaturel. Il passe ses derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u00e0 Londres, exil\u00e9 par la R\u00e9volution, et meurt \u00e0 Londres en 1795.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Biographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>Une famille de musiciens<\/h4>\n<p>Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor na\u00eet le 7 septembre 1726 \u00e0 Dreux, dans une c\u00e9l\u00e8bre famille de musiciens de la cour. Page de la Chapelle royale \u00e0 Versailles, il apprend les \u00e9checs en regardant les musiciens jouer pendant les pauses. Au caf\u00e9 de la R\u00e9gence, \u00e0 Paris, il devient l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve de M. de Kermur, sire de L\u00e9gal, le meilleur joueur fran\u00e7ais, qu&rsquo;il d\u00e9passe bient\u00f4t.<\/p>\n<h4>L&rsquo;Analyze des \u00e9checs<\/h4>\n<p>En 1747, il bat \u00e0 Londres le Syrien <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/philipp-stamma\/\">Philipp Stamma<\/a>. En 1749, il publie \u00e0 Londres <em>L&rsquo;Analyze des \u00e9checs<\/em>, l&rsquo;un des livres les plus influents de l&rsquo;histoire du jeu, r\u00e9\u00e9dit\u00e9 plus de cent fois. Il y affirme que \u00ab les pions sont l&rsquo;\u00e2me des \u00e9checs \u00bb : la structure des pions d\u00e9cide du plan de la partie. Il est ainsi le premier \u00e0 concevoir une v\u00e9ritable strat\u00e9gie.<\/p>\n<h4>Le compositeur<\/h4>\n<p>Philidor fut aussi l&rsquo;un des grands compositeurs d&rsquo;op\u00e9ras-comiques du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle : <em>Le Sorcier<\/em> (1764), <em>Tom Jones<\/em> (1765), la trag\u00e9die lyrique <em>Ernelinde<\/em> (1767). Ses \u0153uvres connurent un grand succ\u00e8s \u00e0 Paris.<\/p>\n<h4>Le joueur \u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle<\/h4>\n<p>Ses parties jou\u00e9es sans voir l&rsquo;\u00e9chiquier, parfois deux ou trois \u00e0 la fois, \u00e9merveill\u00e8rent ses contemporains \u00e0 Londres, au point que Diderot lui \u00e9crivit pour l&rsquo;inciter \u00e0 m\u00e9nager sa sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4>L&rsquo;exil et la mort<\/h4>\n<p>Install\u00e9 en Angleterre o\u00f9 il jouait chaque saison au Parsloe&rsquo;s Club, il se trouve \u00e0 Londres pendant la R\u00e9volution ; inscrit sur la liste des \u00e9migr\u00e9s, il ne peut rentrer en France et meurt \u00e0 Londres le 31 ao\u00fbt 1795.<\/p>\n<h4>H\u00e9ritage<\/h4>\n<p>Son nom est attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense Philidor (1.e4 e5 2.Cf3 d6), \u00e0 la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00ab position de Philidor \u00bb dans la finale tour et pion contre tour, et au \u00ab legs de Philidor \u00bb, le mat \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9touff\u00e9e par le cavalier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:.85em;opacity:.8;\"><em>Sources : Wikip\u00e9dia (article \u00ab Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor \u00bb), George Allen, <em>The Life of Philidor<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"opa-enrich2\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:2em;\">Palmar\u00e8s ann\u00e9e par ann\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<table class=\"opa-palm\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95em;margin:1em 0 1.6em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1747<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Bat Philipp Stamma en match \u00e0 Londres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1749<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Publie <em>L&rsquo;Analyze des \u00e9checs<\/em> \u00e0 Londres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1764-1767<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Succ\u00e8s comme compositeur : <em>Le Sorcier<\/em>, <em>Tom Jones<\/em>, <em>Ernelinde<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fff\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1783<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Exhibitions de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89checs_%C3%A0_l'aveugle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parties simultan\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle<\/a> \u00e0 Londres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f7f1e8\">\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;width:6.5em;\">1795<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:.35em .7em;\">Meurt \u00e0 Londres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>En images<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Interior_of_Caf%C3%A9_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_anno_1906.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9f\/Interior_of_Caf%C3%A9_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_anno_1906.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Le caf\u00e9 de la R\u00e9gence\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>L&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du caf\u00e9 de la R\u00e9gence, \u00e0 Paris, capitale mondiale des \u00e9checs au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Interior_of_Caf%C3%A9_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_anno_1906.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Francois-Andre_Danican_Philidor.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Francois-Andre_Danican_Philidor.jpg\/1920px-Francois-Andre_Danican_Philidor.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Philidor\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Portrait grav\u00e9 de Philidor. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Francois-Andre_Danican_Philidor.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Rep\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1726<\/strong> \u2014 Naissance \u00e0 Dreux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1747<\/strong> \u2014 Bat Philipp Stamma \u00e0 Londres.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1749<\/strong> \u2014 Analyse du jeu des \u00e9checs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1765<\/strong> \u2014 Tom Jones, op\u00e9ra-comique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1795<\/strong> \u2014 Mort \u00e0 Londres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>En vid\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<style>.opa-vgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(100%,440px),1fr));gap:22px;margin:1.4em 0 2.4em;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1150px,94vw)}.opa-vgrid>br{display:none}.opa-vbx{margin:0}.opa-vbx-f{position:relative;display:block;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.28);background:#000}.opa-vbx-f iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;border:0}.opa-vbx-f img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s,opacity .3s;opacity:.92}.opa-vbx-f:hover img{transform:scale(1.04);opacity:1}.opa-play{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:54px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:rgba(204,0,0,.92);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.opa-play:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:31px;top:16px;border-style:solid;border-width:11px 0 11px 19px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.opa-vbx figcaption{font-size:.82em;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;margin-top:.6em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p><script>(function(){if(window.opaYT)return;window.opaYT=1;document.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){var a=e.target.closest&&e.target.closest(\".opa-vbx-f[data-yt]\");if(!a)return;e.preventDefault();var f=document.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/\"+a.getAttribute(\"data-yt\")+\"?autoplay=1&rel=0\";f.setAttribute(\"allow\",\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen\");f.setAttribute(\"allowfullscreen\",\"\");f.setAttribute(\"referrerpolicy\",\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\");a.innerHTML=\"\";a.appendChild(f);a.removeAttribute(\"data-yt\");a.removeAttribute(\"href\");});})();<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-vgrid\">\n<figure class=\"opa-vbx\"><a class=\"opa-vbx-f\" data-yt=\"EfvrQfosj78\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EfvrQfosj78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/EfvrQfosj78\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Philidor, l'analyse du jeu (\u00c9checs de l\u00e9gende, imineo)\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"opa-play\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption>Philidor, l&rsquo;analyse du jeu (\u00c9checs de l\u00e9gende, imineo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Philidor, <em>L&rsquo;Analyse des \u00e9checs<\/em>, r\u00e9\u00e9d. \u00c9ditions Gr\u00e9goire.<\/li>\n<li>Fran\u00e7ois Le Lionnais et Ernst Maget, <em>Dictionnaire des \u00e9checs<\/em>, PUF.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Compositeur d&rsquo;op\u00e9ras c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris et meilleur joueur d&rsquo;\u00e9checs de son temps, Philidor est le premier grand th\u00e9oricien du jeu. Son Analyse du jeu des \u00e9checs (1749), traduite dans toute l&rsquo;Europe, affirme une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire : \u00ab les pions sont l&rsquo;\u00e2me des\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35181,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35180","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/philidor-joueur-d-echecs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Compositeur d&#039;op\u00e9ras c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris et meilleur joueur d&#039;\u00e9checs de son temps, Philidor est le premier grand th\u00e9oricien du jeu. 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