{"id":32195,"date":"2026-11-04T14:17:29","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T13:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/l-expressionnisme\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T14:22:30","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T13:22:30","slug":"l-expressionnisme","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/l-expressionnisme\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;Expressionnisme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Franz Marc, <em>Le Cheval bleu I<\/em>, 1911 (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marc,_Franz_-_Blue_Horse_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">L&rsquo;Expressionnisme (1905-1925) : peindre le cri int\u00e9rieur<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Quand les impressionnistes peignaient ce que voit l&rsquo;\u0153il, les expressionnistes veulent peindre ce que ressent l&rsquo;\u00e2me : l&rsquo;angoisse, la solitude, la fi\u00e8vre des grandes villes, l&rsquo;extase devant la nature, la peur de la guerre. N\u00e9 en Allemagne et en Europe du Nord au tout d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Expressionnisme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressionnisme<\/a> d\u00e9forme les corps, tord les perspectives et pousse les couleurs jusqu&rsquo;au paroxysme. Il touche la peinture, la gravure, mais aussi la po\u00e9sie, le th\u00e9\u00e2tre, la musique et le cin\u00e9ma, de <em>Nosferatu<\/em> au <em>Cabinet du docteur Caligari<\/em>. Ses deux grands foyers portent des noms devenus l\u00e9gendaires : <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Die_Br%C3%BCcke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Die Br\u00fccke<\/a> (\u00ab le Pont \u00bb) \u00e0 Dresde et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Der_Blaue_Reiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Der Blaue Reiter<\/a> (\u00ab le Cavalier bleu \u00bb) \u00e0 Munich.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edvard_Munch,_1893,_The_Scream,_oil,_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard,_91_x_73_cm,_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c5\/Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg\/1920px-Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Edvard Munch, Le Cri\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Edvard Munch, <em>Le Cri<\/em>, 1893, Galerie nationale d&rsquo;Oslo : l&rsquo;ic\u00f4ne annonciatrice de l&rsquo;expressionnisme <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edvard_Munch,_1893,_The_Scream,_oil,_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard,_91_x_73_cm,_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Les pr\u00e9curseurs : Van Gogh, Munch, Ensor<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:L%27Intrigue_(James_Ensor,_1890).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c3\/L%27Intrigue_%28James_Ensor%2C_1890%29.jpg\/1920px-L%27Intrigue_%28James_Ensor%2C_1890%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"James Ensor\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>James Ensor, <em>L&rsquo;Intrigue<\/em>, 1890 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:L%27Intrigue_(James_Ensor,_1890).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Trois peintres de la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle ouvrent la voie. <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/vincent-van-gogh\/\">Vincent van Gogh<\/a>, avec ses ciels tourbillonnants et sa touche tourment\u00e9e, montre que la couleur peut porter l&rsquo;\u00e9motion. Le Norv\u00e9gien <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/edvard-munch\/\">Edvard Munch<\/a> peint l&rsquo;angoisse existentielle dans sa <em>Frise de la vie<\/em> ; son exposition \u00e0 Berlin en 1892, ferm\u00e9e apr\u00e8s une semaine de scandale, bouleverse les jeunes Allemands. Le Belge <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Ensor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Ensor<\/a> peuple ses toiles de masques grima\u00e7ants et de squelettes. En Autriche, les nus \u00e9corch\u00e9s d&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/egon-schiele\/\">Egon Schiele<\/a> et les portraits psychologiques d&rsquo;Oskar Kokoschka donnent une version viennoise du mouvement (voir <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/la-secession-viennoise\/\">la S\u00e9cession viennoise<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3>Die Br\u00fccke, Dresde 1905<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kirchner_Berlin_Street_Scene_1913.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d1\/Kirchner_Berlin_Street_Scene_1913.jpg\/1920px-Kirchner_Berlin_Street_Scene_1913.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, sc\u00e8ne de rue berlinoise\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, <em>Sc\u00e8ne de rue berlinoise<\/em>, 1913 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kirchner_Berlin_Street_Scene_1913.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le 7 juin 1905, quatre \u00e9tudiants en architecture de Dresde, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ernst Ludwig Kirchner<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erich_Heckel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erich Heckel<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Schmidt-Rottluff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Schmidt-Rottluff<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fritz_Bleyl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fritz Bleyl<\/a>, fondent Die Br\u00fccke : un pont vers l&rsquo;avenir, contre l&rsquo;art acad\u00e9mique. Ils vivent en communaut\u00e9, peignent des nus en plein air au bord des lacs de Moritzburg, red\u00e9couvrent la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/gravure_sur_bois\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gravure sur bois<\/a> aux contours tranchants. <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Pechstein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Max Pechstein<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Mueller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto Mueller<\/a> et, un temps, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emil_Nolde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emil Nolde<\/a> les rejoignent. Install\u00e9s \u00e0 Berlin \u00e0 partir de 1911, ils peignent la ville moderne, ses rues, ses cocottes, son \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 nerveuse : les sc\u00e8nes de rue de Kirchner restent parmi les images les plus fortes du si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<h3>Der Blaue Reiter, Munich 1911<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:August_Macke_-_Three_girls_in_yellow_straw_hats_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3f\/August_Macke_-_Three_girls_in_yellow_straw_hats_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/1920px-August_Macke_-_Three_girls_in_yellow_straw_hats_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"August Macke\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>August Macke, <em>Trois jeunes filles aux chapeaux de paille jaunes<\/em>, 1913 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:August_Macke_-_Three_girls_in_yellow_straw_hats_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00c0 Munich, le Russe <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassily_Kandinsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vassily Kandinsky<\/a> et l&rsquo;Allemand <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Marc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Franz Marc<\/a> publient en 1912 l&rsquo;<em>Almanach du Blaue Reiter<\/em> : on y trouve c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te des dessins d&rsquo;enfants, des ic\u00f4nes russes, des peintures sur verre bavaroises, des \u0153uvres de Matisse, des partitions de Schoenberg. Leur expressionnisme est plus spirituel que celui de Die Br\u00fccke : Marc peint des animaux aux couleurs symboliques (le bleu masculin et spirituel, le jaune f\u00e9minin et doux), <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_Macke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">August Macke<\/a> des promeneurs lumineux, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexej_von_Jawlensky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexej von Jawlensky<\/a> des visages-ic\u00f4nes. Kandinsky y franchit le pas d\u00e9cisif vers l&rsquo;abstraction (voir <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/l-art-abstrait\/\">l&rsquo;art abstrait<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Klee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Klee<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabriele_M%C3%BCnter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gabriele M\u00fcnter<\/a> sont aussi du groupe.<\/p>\n<h3>La couleur et la forme au service de l&rsquo;\u00e9motion<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kandinsky_Eisenbahn_bei_Murnau_PA291090.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Kandinsky_Eisenbahn_bei_Murnau_PA291090.jpg\/1920px-Kandinsky_Eisenbahn_bei_Murnau_PA291090.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Vassily Kandinsky\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Vassily Kandinsky, <em>Chemin de fer \u00e0 Murnau<\/em>, 1909 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kandinsky_Eisenbahn_bei_Murnau_PA291090.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Les expressionnistes h\u00e9ritent des <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fauvisme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fauves<\/a> la couleur arbitraire (voir <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/le-fauvisme\/\">le fauvisme<\/a>) mais la chargent d&rsquo;un sens dramatique : un visage peut \u00eatre vert d&rsquo;angoisse, un ciel rouge de menace. Les formes sont anguleuses, les perspectives basculent, les corps s&rsquo;\u00e9tirent. L&rsquo;artiste ne cherche plus la beaut\u00e9 mais la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure, m\u00eame laide. Kandinsky publie en 1911 <em>Du spirituel dans l&rsquo;art<\/em>, o\u00f9 il compare les couleurs aux sons des instruments : le jaune est une trompette, le bleu profond un violoncelle.<\/p>\n<h3>La Grande Guerre et la Nouvelle Objectivit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz_(1867-1945),_Plakat_%C2%BBNie_wieder_Krieg%C2%AB,_1924.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b9\/K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz_%281867-1945%29%2C_Plakat_%C2%BBNie_wieder_Krieg%C2%AB%2C_1924.jpg\/1920px-K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz_%281867-1945%29%2C_Plakat_%C2%BBNie_wieder_Krieg%C2%AB%2C_1924.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"K\u00e4the Kollwitz\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>K\u00e4the Kollwitz, affiche <em>Nie wieder Krieg<\/em> (Plus jamais la guerre), 1924 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz_(1867-1945),_Plakat_%C2%BBNie_wieder_Krieg%C2%AB,_1924.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale brise le mouvement : Franz Marc est tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Verdun en 1916, August Macke d\u00e8s septembre 1914 en Champagne. Kirchner, traumatis\u00e9, se r\u00e9fugie en Suisse. Apr\u00e8s 1918, l&rsquo;expressionnisme se prolonge au cin\u00e9ma (Murnau, Fritz Lang, Robert Wiene), au th\u00e9\u00e2tre et en architecture (Erich Mendelsohn), tandis que des peintres comme <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Beckmann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Max Beckmann<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u00e4the Kollwitz<\/a> t\u00e9moignent de la souffrance d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s-guerre. En 1937, les nazis rassemblent plus de six cents \u0153uvres expressionnistes dans l&rsquo;exposition infamante de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_d%C3%A9g%C3%A9n%C3%A9r%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab art d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00bb<\/a> \u00e0 Munich ; Kirchner se suicide en 1938. Le mouvement rena\u00eetra apr\u00e8s 1945 avec l&rsquo;expressionnisme abstrait am\u00e9ricain et le n\u00e9o-expressionnisme des ann\u00e9es 1980.<\/p>\n<h3>Les grands artistes<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/edvard-munch\/\">Edvard Munch<\/a> (1863-1944), pr\u00e9curseur<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Ensor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Ensor<\/a> (1860-1949), pr\u00e9curseur<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paula_Modersohn-Becker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paula Modersohn-Becker<\/a> (1876-1907)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ernst Ludwig Kirchner<\/a> (1880-1938), Die Br\u00fccke<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erich_Heckel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erich Heckel<\/a> (1883-1970), Die Br\u00fccke<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Schmidt-Rottluff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Schmidt-Rottluff<\/a> (1884-1976), Die Br\u00fccke<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Pechstein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Max Pechstein<\/a> (1881-1955), Die Br\u00fccke<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emil_Nolde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emil Nolde<\/a> (1867-1956)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassily_Kandinsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vassily Kandinsky<\/a> (1866-1944), Der Blaue Reiter<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Marc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Franz Marc<\/a> (1880-1916), Der Blaue Reiter<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_Macke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">August Macke<\/a> (1887-1914), Der Blaue Reiter<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexej_von_Jawlensky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexej von Jawlensky<\/a> (1864-1941)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabriele_M%C3%BCnter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gabriele M\u00fcnter<\/a> (1877-1962)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/egon-schiele\/\">Egon Schiele<\/a> (1890-1918), Vienne<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oskar_Kokoschka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oskar Kokoschka<\/a> (1886-1980), Vienne<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u00e4the Kollwitz<\/a> (1867-1945)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Beckmann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Max Beckmann<\/a> (1884-1950)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cha%C3%AFm_Soutine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cha\u00efm Soutine<\/a> (1893-1943), expressionnisme de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole de Paris<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chronologie<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1892<\/strong> \u2014 Exposition Munch \u00e0 Berlin, ferm\u00e9e pour scandale<\/li>\n<li><strong>1893<\/strong> \u2014 Munch peint <em>Le Cri<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1905<\/strong> \u2014 Fondation de Die Br\u00fccke \u00e0 Dresde<\/li>\n<li><strong>1908-1910<\/strong> \u2014 Kandinsky, M\u00fcnter, Jawlensky et Werefkin \u00e0 Murnau<\/li>\n<li><strong>1910<\/strong> \u2014 Revue <em>Der Sturm<\/em> \u00e0 Berlin ; le film et le th\u00e9\u00e2tre s&#8217;emparent du mouvement<\/li>\n<li><strong>1911<\/strong> \u2014 Die Br\u00fccke s&rsquo;installe \u00e0 Berlin ; premi\u00e8re exposition du Blaue Reiter ; Kandinsky, <em>Du spirituel dans l&rsquo;art<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1912<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Almanach du Blaue Reiter<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1913<\/strong> \u2014 Dissolution de Die Br\u00fccke<\/li>\n<li><strong>1914-1916<\/strong> \u2014 Mort de Macke (1914) et de Marc (1916) au front<\/li>\n<li><strong>1920<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Le Cabinet du docteur Caligari<\/em> de Robert Wiene<\/li>\n<li><strong>1937<\/strong> \u2014 Exposition nazie de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_d%C3%A9g%C3%A9n%C3%A9r%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab art d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edvard_Munch_-_Madonna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5f\/Edvard_Munch_-_Madonna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/1920px-Edvard_Munch_-_Madonna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Edvard Munch, Madone\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Edvard Munch, <em>Madone<\/em>, 1894-1895 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edvard_Munch_-_Madonna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Franz_Marc-The_fate_of_the_animals-1913.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Franz_Marc-The_fate_of_the_animals-1913.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Franz Marc\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Franz Marc, <em>Le Destin des animaux<\/em>, 1913 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Franz_Marc-The_fate_of_the_animals-1913.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Franz_Marc_026.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Franz_Marc_026.jpg\/1920px-Franz_Marc_026.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Franz Marc\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Franz Marc <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Franz_Marc_026.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kirchner_-_STRASSENSZENE_(STREET_SCENE)_-_recto,_1913,_lot.13_(cropped).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Kirchner_-_STRASSENSZENE_%28STREET_SCENE%29_-_recto%2C_1913%2C_lot.13_%28cropped%29.jpg\/1920px-Kirchner_-_STRASSENSZENE_%28STREET_SCENE%29_-_recto%2C_1913%2C_lot.13_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Ernst Ludwig Kirchner\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, <em>Sc\u00e8ne de rue<\/em>, 1913-1914 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kirchner_-_STRASSENSZENE_(STREET_SCENE)_-_recto,_1913,_lot.13_(cropped).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:August_Macke_Zoologischer_Garten_I_PA291076.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/62\/August_Macke_Zoologischer_Garten_I_PA291076.jpg\/1920px-August_Macke_Zoologischer_Garten_I_PA291076.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"August Macke\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>August Macke, <em>Jardin zoologique I<\/em>, 1912 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:August_Macke_Zoologischer_Garten_I_PA291076.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Alexej_von_Jawlensky_-_Selbstbildnis_1912.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/85\/Alexej_von_Jawlensky_-_Selbstbildnis_1912.jpg\/1920px-Alexej_von_Jawlensky_-_Selbstbildnis_1912.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Alexej von Jawlensky\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Alexej von Jawlensky, <em>Autoportrait<\/em>, 1912 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Alexej_von_Jawlensky_-_Selbstbildnis_1912.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Paula_Modersohn-Becker_-_Self-portrait_with_hat_and_veil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Paula_Modersohn-Becker_-_Self-portrait_with_hat_and_veil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/1920px-Paula_Modersohn-Becker_-_Self-portrait_with_hat_and_veil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Paula Modersohn-Becker\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Paula Modersohn-Becker, <em>Autoportrait<\/em> <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Paula_Modersohn-Becker_-_Self-portrait_with_hat_and_veil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Egon_Schiele_-_Self-Portrait_with_Physalis_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Egon_Schiele_-_Self-Portrait_with_Physalis_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/1920px-Egon_Schiele_-_Self-Portrait_with_Physalis_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Egon Schiele\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Egon Schiele, <em>Autoportrait aux physalis<\/em>, 1912 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Egon_Schiele_-_Self-Portrait_with_Physalis_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kandinsky_-_Gr%C3%BCngasse_in_Murnau,_1909.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/40\/Kandinsky_-_Gr%C3%BCngasse_in_Murnau%2C_1909.jpg\/1920px-Kandinsky_-_Gr%C3%BCngasse_in_Murnau%2C_1909.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Vassily Kandinsky\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Vassily Kandinsky, <em>Gr\u00fcngasse \u00e0 Murnau<\/em>, 1909 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kandinsky_-_Gr%C3%BCngasse_in_Murnau,_1909.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u00c0 voir<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=expressionnisme+allemand+peinture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&rsquo;expressionnisme allemand expliqu\u00e9<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Die+Br%C3%BCcke+Kirchner+documentaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Die Br\u00fccke et Kirchner<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Der+Blaue+Reiter+Kandinsky+Franz+Marc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Der Blaue Reiter, Kandinsky et Franz Marc<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=cin%C3%A9ma+expressionniste+allemand+Caligari+Nosferatu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le cin\u00e9ma expressionniste : Caligari, Nosferatu<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00c0 t\u00e9l\u00e9charger (livres du domaine public, PDF)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/kandinsky_202603\/Kandinsky.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 Vassily Kandinsky, <em>\u00dcber das Geistige in der Kunst<\/em> (Du spirituel dans l&rsquo;art), \u00e9dition originale, Munich, 1912 (en allemand) (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/kandinsky_202603\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/artofspiritualha00kandrich\/artofspiritualha00kandrich.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 Vassily Kandinsky, <em>The Art of Spiritual Harmony<\/em>, premi\u00e8re traduction anglaise, 1914 (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/artofspiritualha00kandrich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/unset0000unse_n2u2\/unset0000unse_n2u2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 Vassily Kandinsky, <em>Kl\u00e4nge<\/em> (Sonorit\u00e9s), po\u00e8mes et gravures sur bois, 1913 (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/unset0000unse_n2u2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/expressionismus00bahr_0\/expressionismus00bahr_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 Hermann Bahr, <em>Expressionismus<\/em>, 1916 (en allemand) (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/expressionismus00bahr_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bruecke-museum.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Br\u00fccke-Museum, Berlin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lenbachhaus.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lenbachhaus, Munich (collection du Blaue Reiter)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tate.org.uk\/art\/art-terms\/e\/expressionism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Expressionism, Tate (en anglais)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.munchmuseet.no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mus\u00e9e Munch, Oslo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Wassily Kandinsky, <em>Du spirituel dans l&rsquo;art<\/em>, 1911 (Folio essais).<\/li>\n<li>Wassily Kandinsky et Franz Marc, <em>L&rsquo;Almanach du Blaue Reiter<\/em>, 1912 (Klincksieck).<\/li>\n<li>Lionel Richard, <em>L&rsquo;Expressionnisme<\/em>, Somogy, 1993.<\/li>\n<li>Dietmar Elger, <em>L&rsquo;Expressionnisme<\/em>, Taschen.<\/li>\n<li>Lotte H. Eisner, <em>L&rsquo;\u00c9cran d\u00e9moniaque<\/em>, 1952.<\/li>\n<li>Voir aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/chronologie-des-mouvements-artistiques\/\">Chronologie des mouvements artistiques<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/le-fauvisme\/\">Le fauvisme<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/le-symbolisme\/\">Le symbolisme<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-arts\/\">Les Arts<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Franz Marc, Le Cheval bleu I, 1911 (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres L&rsquo;Expressionnisme (1905-1925) : peindre le cri int\u00e9rieur Quand les impressionnistes peignaient ce que voit l&rsquo;\u0153il, les expressionnistes veulent peindre ce que ressent l&rsquo;\u00e2me : l&rsquo;angoisse, la solitude, la fi\u00e8vre des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32194,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32195","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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