{"id":31926,"date":"2026-11-01T19:40:13","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:40:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/?page_id=31926"},"modified":"2026-11-04T15:16:53","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T14:16:53","slug":"liberia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/liberia\/","title":{"rendered":"Lib\u00e9ria"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Masque de danse dan, Lib\u00e9ria ou C\u00f4te d&rsquo;Ivoire, Sainsbury Centre (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sainsbury_Centre,_Dance_Mask,_Dan_people_of_either_the_Ivory_Coast_or_Liberia_-_geograph.org.uk_-_8167062.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">L&rsquo;art au Lib\u00e9ria : masques dan et sowei<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Fond\u00e9 en 1822 par des esclaves affranchis venus des \u00c9tats-Unis, le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lib\u00e9ria<\/a> est la plus ancienne r\u00e9publique d&rsquo;Afrique. Ses for\u00eats abritent les peuples <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dan_(peuple)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mend%C3%A9s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mende<\/a>, Vai et Kpelle, dont les masques comptent parmi les plus raffin\u00e9s d&rsquo;Afrique, en particulier les masques sowei de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 f\u00e9minine Sande, uniques en Afrique car port\u00e9s par des femmes.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sande_Society_Mask_(sowei),_Sierra_Leone,_Sewa-Mende_people,_Monowulo_workshop,_c._1945,_wood,_blackened_raffia_-_Chazen_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC01748.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Sande_Society_Mask_%28sowei%29%2C_Sierra_Leone%2C_Sewa-Mende_people%2C_Monowulo_workshop%2C_c._1945%2C_wood%2C_blackened_raffia_-_Chazen_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC01748.JPG\/1920px-Sande_Society_Mask_%28sowei%29%2C_Sierra_Leone%2C_Sewa-Mende_people%2C_Monowulo_workshop%2C_c._1945%2C_wood%2C_blackened_raffia_-_Chazen_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC01748.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Masque sowei\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Masque sowei de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Sande <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sande_Society_Mask_(sowei),_Sierra_Leone,_Sewa-Mende_people,_Monowulo_workshop,_c._1945,_wood,_blackened_raffia_-_Chazen_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC01748.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Les masques dan<\/h3>\n<p>Les Dan, qui vivent de part et d&rsquo;autre de la fronti\u00e8re avec la C\u00f4te d&rsquo;Ivoire, sculptent des masques aux traits ovales et harmonieux, patin\u00e9s de noir brillant. Chaque masque abrite un esprit de la for\u00eat et remplit une fonction sociale : juge, messager, chanteur, coureur (voir <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/cote-divoire\/\">la C\u00f4te d&rsquo;Ivoire<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3>Les masques sowei de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Sande<\/h3>\n<p>Chez les Mende, les Vai et les Gola, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 initiatique f\u00e9minine Sande (ou Bundu) forme les jeunes filles \u00e0 leur vie d&rsquo;adulte. Lors des c\u00e9r\u00e9monies, des femmes dansent avec des masques-heaumes noirs, les <em>sowei<\/em>, repr\u00e9sentant l&rsquo;id\u00e9al de beaut\u00e9 f\u00e9minine : cou annel\u00e9 (signe de sant\u00e9), front haut, petits traits fins, coiffure \u00e9labor\u00e9e. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;un des rares cas en Afrique o\u00f9 des masques sont port\u00e9s par des femmes.<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;histoire de Monrovia<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Monrovia_City_Band,_March_5,_1890.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/58\/Monrovia_City_Band%2C_March_5%2C_1890.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Fanfare de Monrovia, 1890\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>La fanfare de la ville de Monrovia, 1890 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Monrovia_City_Band,_March_5,_1890.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La capitale, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monrovia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monrovia<\/a>, fond\u00e9e en 1822, conserve des traces de son architecture am\u00e9ricaine du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Les photographies anciennes de la ville, comme celles du naturaliste suisse Johann B\u00fcttikofer (1890), t\u00e9moignent de cette histoire singuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;\u00eele de la Providence<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:JOHNSTON(1907)_Providence_Island_in_Mesurado_Lagoon.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/68\/JOHNSTON%281907%29_Providence_Island_in_Mesurado_Lagoon.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"\u00cele de la Providence, 1907\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>L&rsquo;\u00eele de la Providence, gravure de 1907 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:JOHNSTON(1907)_Providence_Island_in_Mesurado_Lagoon.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00eele de la Providence, \u00e0 l&#8217;embouchure de la rivi\u00e8re Mesurado, est le lieu o\u00f9 d\u00e9barqu\u00e8rent les premiers colons afro-am\u00e9ricains en 1822. Elle est aujourd&rsquo;hui un lieu de m\u00e9moire.<\/p>\n<h3>Les grands artistes<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li>Les sculpteurs dan<\/li>\n<li>Les sculpteurs mende et vai des masques sowei<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chronologie<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1822<\/strong> \u2014 Arriv\u00e9e des premiers colons \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00eele de la Providence<\/li>\n<li><strong>1847<\/strong> \u2014 Ind\u00e9pendance du Lib\u00e9ria<\/li>\n<li><strong>1890<\/strong> \u2014 Photographies de B\u00fcttikofer<\/li>\n<li><strong>2003<\/strong> \u2014 Fin de la guerre civile<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liberia,_dan,_maschera,_xx_sec._01.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/37\/Liberia%2C_dan%2C_maschera%2C_xx_sec._01.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Masque dan\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Masque dan, XXe si\u00e8cle <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liberia,_dan,_maschera,_xx_sec._01.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Costa_d%27avorio_o_liberia,_dan,_maschera_(sagbwe_o_gunyege),_1910_ca.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c3\/Costa_d%27avorio_o_liberia%2C_dan%2C_maschera_%28sagbwe_o_gunyege%29%2C_1910_ca.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Masque dan\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Masque dan <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Costa_d%27avorio_o_liberia,_dan,_maschera_(sagbwe_o_gunyege),_1910_ca.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bundu-masker-_Stichting_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_-_AM-123-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Bundu-masker-_Stichting_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_-_AM-123-1.jpg\/1920px-Bundu-masker-_Stichting_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_-_AM-123-1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Masque bundu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Masque bundu, Mus\u00e9e national du Suriname <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bundu-masker-_Stichting_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_-_AM-123-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Masque_Bundu_Mende-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Masque_Bundu_Mende-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg\/1920px-Masque_Bundu_Mende-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Masque bundu mende\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Masque bundu mende <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Masque_Bundu_Mende-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%9CTTIKOFER(1890)_1.03_Monrovia,_Ashmun_Street.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5e\/B%C3%9CTTIKOFER%281890%29_1.03_Monrovia%2C_Ashmun_Street.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Monrovia, 1890\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Monrovia, Ashmun Street, 1890 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%9CTTIKOFER(1890)_1.03_Monrovia,_Ashmun_Street.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u00c0 voir<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Sowei+mask+Sande+society\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les masques sowei<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Dan+masks+Liberia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les masques dan<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberianmuseum.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mus\u00e9e national du Lib\u00e9ria<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Ruth B. Phillips, <em>Representing Woman. Sande Masquerades of the Mende of Sierra Leone<\/em>, 1995.<\/li>\n<li>Voir aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/chronologie-des-mouvements-artistiques\/\">Chronologie des mouvements artistiques<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/afrique-de-louest\/\">Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/la-peinture-africaine\/\">La Peinture Africaine<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-arts\/\">Les Arts<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Masque de danse dan, Lib\u00e9ria ou C\u00f4te d&rsquo;Ivoire, Sainsbury Centre (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres L&rsquo;art au Lib\u00e9ria : masques dan et sowei Fond\u00e9 en 1822 par des esclaves affranchis venus des \u00c9tats-Unis, le Lib\u00e9ria est la plus ancienne r\u00e9publique d&rsquo;Afrique. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32345,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31926","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L&#039;art au Lib\u00e9ria : masques dan et sowei - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fond\u00e9 en 1822 par des esclaves affranchis venus des \u00c9tats-Unis, le Lib\u00e9ria est la plus ancienne r\u00e9publique d&#039;Afrique. 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