{"id":31910,"date":"2026-11-01T19:33:16","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:33:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/?page_id=31910"},"modified":"2026-11-04T15:13:00","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T14:13:00","slug":"benin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/benin\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e9nin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> Les palais royaux d&rsquo;Abomey, patrimoine mondial de l&rsquo;UNESCO (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Royal_Palaces_of_Abomey-133469.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0 igo)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">L&rsquo;art au B\u00e9nin : le royaume du Danhom\u00e8<\/h2>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%A9nin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u00e9nin<\/a> actuel fut le c\u0153ur du puissant royaume du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royaume_du_Dahomey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Danhom\u00e8<\/a> (Dahomey), qui r\u00e9gna du XVIIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 1894 depuis sa capitale, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abomey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Abomey<\/a>. Ses rois furent de grands commanditaires d&rsquo;\u0153uvres d&rsquo;art : bas-reliefs de terre peinte racontant leurs hauts faits, tr\u00f4nes, r\u00e9cades, statues de bois et de m\u00e9tal, tentures appliqu\u00e9es. Le pays est aussi le berceau du culte vodun, qui a inspir\u00e9 une sculpture rituelle puissante.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Entr%C3%A9e_principale_(honuwa)_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63459S.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/53\/Entr%C3%A9e_principale_%28honuwa%29_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63459S.jpg\/1920px-Entr%C3%A9e_principale_%28honuwa%29_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63459S.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Entr\u00e9e du palais d'Abomey\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Entr\u00e9e principale (honuwa) d&rsquo;un palais royal d&rsquo;Abomey <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Entr%C3%A9e_principale_(honuwa)_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63459S.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Les palais royaux d&rsquo;Abomey<\/h3>\n<p>Chacun des douze rois du Danhom\u00e8 fit construire son propre palais \u00e0 Abomey. Leurs murs de terre sont orn\u00e9s de bas-reliefs polychromes : animaux et symboles \u00e9voquant les devises des rois (le requin de B\u00e9hanzin, le lion de Gl\u00e8l\u00e8, le buffle de Gu\u00e9zo), sc\u00e8nes de batailles. Inscrits au patrimoine mondial en 1985, ils abritent aujourd&rsquo;hui un mus\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3>La statue de l&rsquo;homme-requin<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Homme-requin_Dahomey.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/84\/Homme-requin_Dahomey.jpg\/1920px-Homme-requin_Dahomey.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Statue de l'homme-requin\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Statue du roi B\u00e9hanzin en homme-requin, sculpteur Sossa Dede, vers 1890 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Homme-requin_Dahomey.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En 1892, lors de la conqu\u00eate fran\u00e7aise, le roi <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%A9hanzin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u00e9hanzin<\/a> incendie Abomey. Les troupes du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Dodds emportent de nombreuses \u0153uvres, dont trois grandes statues royales mi-hommes mi-animaux repr\u00e9sentant les rois Gh\u00e9zo, Gl\u00e8l\u00e8 et B\u00e9hanzin (l&rsquo;homme-requin), ainsi que les portes du palais et des tr\u00f4nes. En 2021, la France a restitu\u00e9 au B\u00e9nin vingt-six de ces \u0153uvres, d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es \u00e0 Cotonou puis \u00e0 Abomey.<\/p>\n<h3>Vodun et bocio<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_(d%C3%A9tail)_(2).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_%28d%C3%A9tail%29_%282%29.jpg\/1920px-Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_%28d%C3%A9tail%29_%282%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Bocio\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Figure de pouvoir bocio, Fon <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_(d%C3%A9tail)_(2).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le B\u00e9nin est le berceau du vodun (vaudou), religion qui a travers\u00e9 l&rsquo;Atlantique avec la traite des esclaves. Les <em>bocio<\/em>, figures de pouvoir en bois charg\u00e9es de mat\u00e9riaux magiques, prot\u00e8gent les individus et les villages. La grande statue du dieu Gou, dieu du fer et de la guerre, faite de pi\u00e8ces de m\u00e9tal de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration, est aujourd&rsquo;hui au Louvre (pavillon des Sessions).<\/p>\n<h3>Ouidah et la m\u00e9moire de l&rsquo;esclavage<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Porte_du_non-retour_au_Benin.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Porte_du_non-retour_au_Benin.jpg\/1920px-Porte_du_non-retour_au_Benin.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Porte du non-retour, Ouidah\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>La Porte du non-retour, Ouidah, 1995 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Porte_du_non-retour_au_Benin.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le port de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ouidah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ouidah<\/a> fut l&rsquo;un des principaux lieux de d\u00e9part de la traite atlantique. La Porte du non-retour, monument \u00e9rig\u00e9 en 1995 sur la plage, rend hommage aux millions de d\u00e9port\u00e9s. La ville accueille chaque ann\u00e9e la f\u00eate du vodun, le 10 janvier.<\/p>\n<h3>Les grands artistes<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li>Les artistes de la cour d&rsquo;Abomey (forgerons, sculpteurs, tisserands)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sossa_Dede\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sossa Dede<\/a> (XIXe si\u00e8cle), sculpteur royal<\/li>\n<li>Akati Ekpl\u00e9kendo (XIXe si\u00e8cle), forgeron, auteur de la statue de Gou<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romuald_Hazoum%C3%A8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Romuald Hazoum\u00e8<\/a> (n\u00e9 en 1962)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominique_Zinkp%C3%A8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dominique Zinkp\u00e8<\/a> (n\u00e9 en 1969)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chronologie<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>vers 1625<\/strong> \u2014 Fondation du royaume du Danhom\u00e8<\/li>\n<li><strong>1818-1858<\/strong> \u2014 R\u00e8gne de Gu\u00e9zo<\/li>\n<li><strong>1858-1889<\/strong> \u2014 R\u00e8gne de Gl\u00e8l\u00e8<\/li>\n<li><strong>1892-1894<\/strong> \u2014 Conqu\u00eate fran\u00e7aise, incendie d&rsquo;Abomey<\/li>\n<li><strong>1960<\/strong> \u2014 Ind\u00e9pendance du Dahomey<\/li>\n<li><strong>1985<\/strong> \u2014 Palais royaux d&rsquo;Abomey au patrimoine mondial<\/li>\n<li><strong>2021<\/strong> \u2014 Restitution de 26 \u0153uvres par la France<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Royal_Palaces_of_Abomey-133470.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Royal_Palaces_of_Abomey-133470.jpg\/1920px-Royal_Palaces_of_Abomey-133470.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Palais d'Abomey\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Palais royal d&rsquo;Abomey <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Royal_Palaces_of_Abomey-133470.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0 igo)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Entr%C3%A9e_principale_(honuwa)_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63458S.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/91\/Entr%C3%A9e_principale_%28honuwa%29_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63458S.jpg\/1920px-Entr%C3%A9e_principale_%28honuwa%29_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63458S.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Palais d'Abomey\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Entr\u00e9e d&rsquo;un palais d&rsquo;Abomey <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Entr%C3%A9e_principale_(honuwa)_du_palais_de_null_Gl%C3%A9l%C3%A9_-_A63458S.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Benin,_fon,_statuetta_bocio,_xx_sec._02.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e2\/Benin%2C_fon%2C_statuetta_bocio%2C_xx_sec._02.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Bocio\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Statuette bocio, Fon, XXe si\u00e8cle <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Benin,_fon,_statuetta_bocio,_xx_sec._02.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_(d%C3%A9tail)_(1).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8b\/Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_%28d%C3%A9tail%29_%281%29.jpg\/1920px-Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_%28d%C3%A9tail%29_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Bocio\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>Figure de pouvoir bocio, d\u00e9tail <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Figure_de_pouvoir_bocio_(d%C3%A9tail)_(1).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ouidah-Esplanade_de_la_Porte_du_Non-Retour-C%C3%B4t%C3%A9_oc%C3%A9an_(2).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Ouidah-Esplanade_de_la_Porte_du_Non-Retour-C%C3%B4t%C3%A9_oc%C3%A9an_%282%29.jpg\/1920px-Ouidah-Esplanade_de_la_Porte_du_Non-Retour-C%C3%B4t%C3%A9_oc%C3%A9an_%282%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Ouidah\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption>L&rsquo;esplanade de la Porte du non-retour <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ouidah-Esplanade_de_la_Porte_du_Non-Retour-C%C3%B4t%C3%A9_oc%C3%A9an_(2).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u00c0 voir<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=tr%C3%A9sors+royaux+Abomey+restitution+2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les tr\u00e9sors restitu\u00e9s du B\u00e9nin<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=palais+royaux+Abomey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les palais d&rsquo;Abomey<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=f%C3%AAte+du+vodun+Ouidah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le vodun au B\u00e9nin<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/fr\/list\/323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Palais royaux d&rsquo;Abomey (UNESCO)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quaibranly.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mus\u00e9e du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Ga\u00eblle Beaujean, <em>L&rsquo;Art de cour d&rsquo;Abomey<\/em>, 2019.<\/li>\n<li>Felwine Sarr et B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte Savoy, <em>Restituer le patrimoine africain<\/em>, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>Voir aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/chronologie-des-mouvements-artistiques\/\">Chronologie des mouvements artistiques<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/afrique-de-louest\/\">Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/la-peinture-africaine\/\">La Peinture Africaine<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-arts\/\">Les Arts<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Les palais royaux d&rsquo;Abomey, patrimoine mondial de l&rsquo;UNESCO (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 igo) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres L&rsquo;art au B\u00e9nin : le royaume du Danhom\u00e8 Le B\u00e9nin actuel fut le c\u0153ur du puissant royaume du Danhom\u00e8 (Dahomey), qui r\u00e9gna du XVIIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 1894 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