{"id":31487,"date":"2026-10-31T00:03:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T23:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/joseph-haydn\/"},"modified":"2026-10-31T00:09:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T23:09:22","slug":"joseph-haydn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/joseph-haydn\/","title":{"rendered":"Joseph Haydn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> <strong>Balthasar Wigand<\/strong>, <em>Ex\u00e9cution de \u00ab La Cr\u00e9ation \u00bb de Haydn dans la grande salle de l\u2019ancienne universit\u00e9 de Vienne, le 27 mars 1808<\/em>, couvercle de bo\u00eete, gouache, Vienne, Wien Museum (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haydn_Creation_Vienna_1808-03-27.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), le p\u00e8re de la symphonie<\/h2>\n<style>.opa-audio{margin:.8em 0 1.4em}.opa-audio audio{width:100%}.opa-audio-cap{font-size:.78em;margin-top:.3em;opacity:.85}.opa-chrono li{margin:.3em 0}<\/style>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">Fils d\u2019un charron de village devenu le compositeur le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre d\u2019Europe, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Haydn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Haydn<\/a> (1732-1809) a donn\u00e9 ses formes d\u00e9finitives \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/symphonie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">symphonie<\/a> et au <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/quatuor_%C3%A0_cordes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quatuor \u00e0 cordes<\/a>. Pendant pr\u00e8s de trente ans au service des princes Esterh\u00e1zy, \u00ab coup\u00e9 du monde \u00bb, il fut, disait-il, \u00ab forc\u00e9 de devenir original \u00bb. Ami de Mozart, ma\u00eetre de Beethoven, il est le fondateur du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musique_de_la_p%C3%A9riode_classique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">classicisme viennois<\/a> et l\u2019auteur de 104 symphonies, de 68 quatuors et des oratorios <em>La Cr\u00e9ation<\/em> et <em>Les Saisons<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b1\/Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg\/1920px-Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Joseph Haydn\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Thomas Hardy<\/strong>, <em>Portrait de Joseph Haydn<\/em>, 1791, Londres, Royal College of Music. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>L\u2019enfant de ch\u0153ur de Saint-\u00c9tienne (1732-1757)<\/h3>\n<p>Franz Joseph Haydn na\u00eet le 31 mars 1732 \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rohrau\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rohrau<\/a>, village de Basse-Autriche proche de la fronti\u00e8re hongroise, dans la famille d\u2019un charron qui joue de la harpe \u00e0 l\u2019oreille. Remarqu\u00e9 pour sa voix, il est envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 six ans chez un cousin ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e0 Hainburg, puis devient en 1740 enfant de ch\u0153ur \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-%C3%89tienne_de_Vienne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cath\u00e9drale Saint-\u00c9tienne de Vienne<\/a>. Renvoy\u00e9 en 1749 quand sa voix mue \u2014 et apr\u00e8s avoir coup\u00e9 la natte d\u2019un camarade \u2014, il conna\u00eet des ann\u00e9es de mis\u00e8re, logeant dans une mansarde, donnant des le\u00e7ons et jouant dans les rues. Il apprend seul la composition dans le <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gradus_ad_Parnassum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gradus ad Parnassum<\/a><\/em> de Fux et les sonates de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach<\/a>, et devient le valet et accompagnateur du compositeur italien <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicola_Porpora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nicola Porpora<\/a>, qui lui enseigne le chant et l\u2019italien.<\/p>\n<h3>Au service des Esterh\u00e1zy (1761-1790)<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Esterh%C3%A1zy_Palace,_Fert%C5%91d,_20220426_1102_5450.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Esterh%C3%A1zy_Palace%2C_Fert%C5%91d%2C_20220426_1102_5450.jpg\/1920px-Esterh%C3%A1zy_Palace%2C_Fert%C5%91d%2C_20220426_1102_5450.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Le palais d\u2019Eszterh\u00e1za\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Le palais d\u2019Eszterh\u00e1za<\/strong> \u00e0 Fert\u0151d (Hongrie), o\u00f9 Haydn v\u00e9cut pr\u00e8s de trente ans. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Esterh%C3%A1zy_Palace,_Fert%C5%91d,_20220426_1102_5450.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s quelques ann\u00e9es chez le comte Morzin, pour qui il \u00e9crit ses premi\u00e8res symphonies, Haydn entre en 1761 au service des princes <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Famille_Esterh%C3%A1zy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Esterh\u00e1zy<\/a>, la plus riche famille de Hongrie, d\u2019abord comme vice-ma\u00eetre de chapelle \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eisenstadt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eisenstadt<\/a>, puis comme ma\u00eetre de chapelle en 1766. Le prince <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Ier_Joseph_Esterh%C3%A1zy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nicolas Ier Joseph Esterh\u00e1zy<\/a>, dit \u00ab le Magnifique \u00bb, fait b\u00e2tir dans les marais du lac de Neusiedl le palais d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palais_Esterh%C3%A1zy_(Fert%C5%91d)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eszterh\u00e1za<\/a>, le \u00ab Versailles hongrois \u00bb, avec son th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019op\u00e9ra et son th\u00e9\u00e2tre de marionnettes. Haydn y dirige un orchestre d\u2019une vingtaine de musiciens, compose symphonies, op\u00e9ras, messes et pi\u00e8ces pour le baryton, instrument favori du prince. En 1772, les musiciens, retenus trop longtemps loin de leurs familles, lui demandent d\u2019interc\u00e9der : c\u2019est la <em>Symphonie des adieux<\/em>, dont les musiciens quittent la sc\u00e8ne un \u00e0 un en soufflant leur bougie ; le prince comprend et donne cong\u00e9 d\u00e8s le lendemain. Ses quatuors de l\u2019opus 33 (1781), \u00e9crits \u00ab d\u2019une mani\u00e8re toute nouvelle \u00bb, fixent le genre.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Real_Filharmon%C3%ADa_de_Galicia_-_Haydn%27s_Trumpet_Concerto_in_E-flat_major%2C_Hob.VIIe-1_-_I._Allegro.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7f\/Real_Filharmon%C3%ADa_de_Galicia_-_Haydn%27s_Trumpet_Concerto_in_E-flat_major%2C_Hob.VIIe-1_-_I._Allegro.ogg\/Real_Filharmon%C3%ADa_de_Galicia_-_Haydn%27s_Trumpet_Concerto_in_E-flat_major%2C_Hob.VIIe-1_-_I._Allegro.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Haydn, <em>Concerto pour trompette<\/em> en mi b\u00e9mol majeur, I. Allegro, par la Real Filharmon\u00eda de Galicia <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Real_Filharmon%C3%ADa_de_Galicia_-_Haydn%27s_Trumpet_Concerto_in_E-flat_major,_Hob.VIIe-1_-_I._Allegro.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 3.0)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>L\u2019amiti\u00e9 avec Mozart<\/h3>\n<p>Haydn rencontre <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<\/a> \u00e0 Vienne vers 1784. Entre le jeune g\u00e9nie et le ma\u00eetre de vingt-quatre ans son a\u00een\u00e9 na\u00eet une amiti\u00e9 profonde ; ils jouent ensemble des quatuors, et Mozart lui d\u00e9die six quatuors \u00ab fruit d\u2019un long et laborieux travail \u00bb. En 1785, Haydn d\u00e9clare \u00e0 L\u00e9opold Mozart : \u00ab Je vous le dis devant Dieu, en honn\u00eate homme, votre fils est le plus grand compositeur que je connaisse, en personne ou de nom. \u00bb Mozart l\u2019appelle affectueusement \u00ab Papa Haydn \u00bb. Les deux amis se quittent en larmes en d\u00e9cembre 1790 : ils ne se reverront pas.<\/p>\n<h3>Le triomphe de Londres (1791-1795)<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 la mort du prince Nicolas en 1790, son successeur dissout l\u2019orchestre. Haydn, libre, accepte l\u2019invitation de l\u2019impresario <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johann_Peter_Salomon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johann Peter Salomon<\/a> et part pour <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Londres\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Londres<\/a> o\u00f9 il donne, en deux s\u00e9jours (1791-1792 et 1794-1795), ses douze derni\u00e8res symphonies, les \u00ab Symphonies londoniennes \u00bb : la <em>Symphonie no 94 de Haydn<\/em> \u00ab La Surprise \u00bb, avec son coup de timbale destin\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9veiller les dames assoupies, <em>Le Miracle<\/em>, <em>Militaire<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Horloge<\/em>, <em>Roulement de timbales<\/em>, <em>Londres<\/em>. L\u2019universit\u00e9 d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universit%C3%A9_d'Oxford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxford<\/a> le fait docteur. \u00c0 Westminster, en entendant le <em>Messie<\/em> de Haendel, il d\u00e9couvre la puissance des grands oratorios.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/42\/Haydn%3B_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22%2C_2._Andante.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/42\/Haydn%3B_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22%2C_2._Andante.ogg\/Haydn%3B_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22%2C_2._Andante.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Haydn, <em>Symphonie n<sup>o<\/sup> 94 \u00ab La Surprise \u00bb<\/em>, andante <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haydn;_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22,_2._Andante.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>La Cr\u00e9ation et les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es (1795-1809)<\/h3>\n<p>De retour \u00e0 Vienne, Haydn \u2014 qui a eu entre-temps pour \u00e9l\u00e8ve le jeune <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_van_Beethoven\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ludwig van Beethoven<\/a> \u2014 compose ses six derni\u00e8res grandes messes pour la princesse Esterh\u00e1zy, dont la <em>Messe Nelson<\/em>, et deux oratorios : <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Cr%C3%A9ation_(Haydn)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La Cr\u00e9ation<\/a><\/em> (1798), qui commence par une \u00ab repr\u00e9sentation du chaos \u00bb et l\u2019explosion lumineuse de \u00ab Et la lumi\u00e8re fut \u00bb, puis <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Saisons_(Haydn)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les Saisons<\/a><\/em> (1801). Pour l\u2019anniversaire de l\u2019empereur <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_(empereur_d'Autriche)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fran\u00e7ois Ier d\u2019Autriche<\/a>, il \u00e9crit en 1797 l\u2019hymne <em>Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser<\/em>, dont il reprend la m\u00e9lodie dans son <em>Quatuor \u00ab L\u2019Empereur \u00bb<\/em> : c\u2019est aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Das_Lied_der_Deutschen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hymne national allemand<\/a>. En mars 1808, une ex\u00e9cution triomphale de <em>La Cr\u00e9ation<\/em> r\u00e9unit en son honneur toute l\u2019aristocratie viennoise, Beethoven et Salieri. Il meurt \u00e0 Vienne le 31 mai 1809, pendant l\u2019occupation de la ville par les troupes fran\u00e7aises ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napol%C3%A9on_Ier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napol\u00e9on Ier<\/a> fait placer une garde d\u2019honneur devant sa maison. Son cr\u00e2ne, vol\u00e9 par des phr\u00e9nologues, ne rejoindra son corps, dans la Bergkirche d\u2019Eisenstadt, qu\u2019en 1954.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Gott_erhalte_Franz_den_Kaiser.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b6\/Gott_erhalte_Franz_den_Kaiser.ogg\/Gott_erhalte_Franz_den_Kaiser.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Haydn, hymne <em>Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser<\/em> (1797), dont la m\u00e9lodie est devenue celle de l\u2019hymne national allemand <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gott_erhalte_Franz_den_Kaiser.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Chronologie<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1732<\/strong> \u2014 naissance \u00e0 Rohrau, le 31 mars<\/li>\n<li><strong>1740<\/strong> \u2014 enfant de ch\u0153ur \u00e0 Saint-\u00c9tienne de Vienne<\/li>\n<li><strong>1749<\/strong> \u2014 renvoy\u00e9 de la ma\u00eetrise ; ann\u00e9es de mis\u00e8re<\/li>\n<li><strong>1757<\/strong> \u2014 au service du comte Morzin ; premi\u00e8res symphonies<\/li>\n<li><strong>1761<\/strong> \u2014 vice-ma\u00eetre de chapelle des princes Esterh\u00e1zy<\/li>\n<li><strong>1766<\/strong> \u2014 ma\u00eetre de chapelle ; installation \u00e0 Eszterh\u00e1za<\/li>\n<li><strong>1772<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Symphonie des adieux<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1781<\/strong> \u2014 quatuors op. 33<\/li>\n<li><strong>1784<\/strong> \u2014 rencontre avec Mozart<\/li>\n<li><strong>1791-1792<\/strong> \u2014 premier s\u00e9jour \u00e0 Londres<\/li>\n<li><strong>1792<\/strong> \u2014 Beethoven devient son \u00e9l\u00e8ve<\/li>\n<li><strong>1794-1795<\/strong> \u2014 second s\u00e9jour \u00e0 Londres<\/li>\n<li><strong>1797<\/strong> \u2014 hymne <em>Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1798<\/strong> \u2014 <em>La Cr\u00e9ation<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1801<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Les Saisons<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1809<\/strong> \u2014 mort \u00e0 Vienne, le 31 mai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0152uvres majeures<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li>104 symphonies, dont <em>Les Adieux<\/em> (n<sup>o<\/sup> 45), <em>La Surprise<\/em> (n<sup>o<\/sup> 94), <em>Militaire<\/em> (n<sup>o<\/sup> 100), <em>L\u2019Horloge<\/em> (n<sup>o<\/sup> 101), <em>Londres<\/em> (n<sup>o<\/sup> 104)<\/li>\n<li>68 quatuors \u00e0 cordes, dont l\u2019op. 33 et l\u2019op. 76 (<em>L\u2019Empereur<\/em>, <em>Le Lever du soleil<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Les oratorios <em>La Cr\u00e9ation<\/em> (1798) et <em>Les Saisons<\/em> (1801)<\/li>\n<li>14 messes, dont la <em>Messe Nelson<\/em> et la <em>Harmoniemesse<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Les Sept Derni\u00e8res Paroles du Christ en croix<\/em> (1787)<\/li>\n<li>Le <em>Concerto pour trompette<\/em> (1796) et les concertos pour violoncelle<\/li>\n<li>Plus de 50 sonates pour piano et 45 trios avec piano<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rohrau,_Geburtshaus_von_Joseph_Haydn-5.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Rohrau%2C_Geburtshaus_von_Joseph_Haydn-5.jpg\/1920px-Rohrau%2C_Geburtshaus_von_Joseph_Haydn-5.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Maison natale de Haydn\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>La maison natale de Haydn<\/strong> \u00e0 Rohrau. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rohrau,_Geburtshaus_von_Joseph_Haydn-5.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 3.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:DSC08860_Schloss_Esterh%C3%A1zy,_Eisenstadt,_2023-05.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/da\/DSC08860_Schloss_Esterh%C3%A1zy%2C_Eisenstadt%2C_2023-05.jpg\/1920px-DSC08860_Schloss_Esterh%C3%A1zy%2C_Eisenstadt%2C_2023-05.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Ch\u00e2teau Esterh\u00e1zy d\u2019Eisenstadt\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Le ch\u00e2teau Esterh\u00e1zy d\u2019Eisenstadt<\/strong> et sa salle Haydn. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:DSC08860_Schloss_Esterh%C3%A1zy,_Eisenstadt,_2023-05.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bergkirche,_Eisenstadt_4.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Bergkirche%2C_Eisenstadt_4.jpg\/1920px-Bergkirche%2C_Eisenstadt_4.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Bergkirche d\u2019Eisenstadt\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>La Bergkirche d\u2019Eisenstadt<\/strong>, o\u00f9 repose Haydn. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bergkirche,_Eisenstadt_4.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haydn_Kaiserlied_Reinschrift.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3e\/Haydn_Kaiserlied_Reinschrift.jpg\/1920px-Haydn_Kaiserlied_Reinschrift.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Gott erhalte\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Manuscrit autographe<\/strong> de l\u2019hymne <em>Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser<\/em>, 1797. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haydn_Kaiserlied_Reinschrift.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haydnhaus_Haydngasse_19.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Haydnhaus_Haydngasse_19.jpg\/1920px-Haydnhaus_Haydngasse_19.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Maison de Haydn \u00e0 Vienne\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>La maison de Haydn<\/strong> \u00e0 Vienne (Haydnhaus), o\u00f9 il mourut en 1809. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haydnhaus_Haydngasse_19.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0 at)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u00c0 voir et \u00e0 \u00e9couter<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Haydn+Die+Sch%C3%B6pfung\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La Cr\u00e9ation de Haydn<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Haydn+Symphony+45+Farewell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La Symphonie des adieux<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Haydn+Trumpet+Concerto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Concerto pour trompette<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Haydn+Emperor+Quartet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Quatuor \u00ab L\u2019Empereur \u00bb<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00c0 t\u00e9l\u00e9charger (livres du domaine public, PDF)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/croatiancomposer00hadouoft\/croatiancomposer00hadouoft.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 William Henry Hadow, <em>A Croatian Composer : Notes toward the Study of Joseph Haydn<\/em>, Londres, 1897. (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/croatiancomposer00hadouoft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/haydnhad00hadduoft\/haydnhad00hadduoft.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 James Cuthbert Hadden, <em>Haydn<\/em>, Londres, Dent, 1902. (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/haydnhad00hadduoft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wienmuseum.at\/en\/locations\/haydnhaus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haydnhaus de Vienne (Wien Museum)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.haydnregion.at\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haydn \u00e0 Eisenstadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/imslp.org\/wiki\/Category:Haydn,_Joseph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Partitions de Haydn sur IMSLP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Marc Vignal, <em>Joseph Haydn<\/em>, Fayard, 1988.<\/li>\n<li>H. C. Robbins Landon, <em>Haydn<\/em>, Latt\u00e8s, 1983.<\/li>\n<li>Stendhal, <em>Vies de Haydn, de Mozart et de M\u00e9tastase<\/em>, 1815.<\/li>\n<li>Voir aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-grands-mouvements-de-la-musique\/\">Les grands mouvements de la musique<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-20-oeuvres-musicales-les-plus-celebres\/\">Les 20 \u0153uvres musicales les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/la-musique\/\">La Musique<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/mozart\/\">Mozart<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/beethoven\/\">Beethoven<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/georg-friedrich-haendel\/\">Georg Friedrich Haendel<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Balthasar Wigand, Ex\u00e9cution de \u00ab La Cr\u00e9ation \u00bb de Haydn dans la grande salle de l\u2019ancienne universit\u00e9 de Vienne, le 27 mars 1808, couvercle de bo\u00eete, gouache, Vienne, Wien Museum (Wikimedia Commons, CC0) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), le p\u00e8re de la symphonie [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31486,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31487","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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