{"id":31473,"date":"2026-10-30T23:56:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T22:56:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/richard-wagner\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T23:57:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T22:57:25","slug":"richard-wagner","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/richard-wagner\/","title":{"rendered":"Richard Wagner"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> <strong>Ferdinand Leeke<\/strong>, <em>Le Voyage de Siegfried sur le Rhin<\/em>, sc\u00e8ne du I<sup>er<\/sup> acte du <em>Cr\u00e9puscule des dieux<\/em> de Richard Wagner (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ferdinand_Leeke_-_Richard_Wagner,_G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung,_Act_I,_Siegfried%E2%80%99s_Rhine_Journey.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Richard Wagner (1813-1883), l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019art totale<\/h2>\n<style>.opa-audio{margin:.8em 0 1.4em}.opa-audio audio{width:100%}.opa-audio-cap{font-size:.78em;margin-top:.3em;opacity:.85}.opa-chrono li{margin:.3em 0}<\/style>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">G\u00e9nie r\u00e9volutionnaire, personnalit\u00e9 d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e et controvers\u00e9e, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Wagner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Wagner<\/a> (1813-1883) a boulevers\u00e9 l\u2019histoire de l\u2019op\u00e9ra et de toute la musique. Po\u00e8te de ses propres livrets, th\u00e9oricien de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gesamtkunstwerk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0153uvre d\u2019art totale<\/a>, inventeur du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/leitmotiv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leitmotiv<\/a>, b\u00e2tisseur de son propre th\u00e9\u00e2tre \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayreuth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bayreuth<\/a>, il a laiss\u00e9 une \u0153uvre \u2014 <em>Tristan et Isolde<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Anneau du Nibelung<\/em>, <em>Parsifal<\/em> \u2014 qui a fascin\u00e9 po\u00e8tes, peintres et musiciens, de Baudelaire \u00e0 Debussy et de Nietzsche \u00e0 Thomas Mann.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Richard_Wagner.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/05\/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Richard_Wagner.jpg\/1920px-Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Richard_Wagner.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Richard Wagner par Renoir\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Pierre-Auguste Renoir<\/strong>, <em>Richard Wagner<\/em>, 1882, Paris, mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay. Peint \u00e0 Palerme en 35 minutes, deux jours apr\u00e8s l\u2019ach\u00e8vement de la partition de <em>Parsifal<\/em>. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Richard_Wagner.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Jeunesse et ann\u00e9es d\u2019errance (1813-1842)<\/h3>\n<p>Wilhelm Richard Wagner na\u00eet \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leipzig\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leipzig<\/a> le 22 mai 1813, l\u2019ann\u00e9e de la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bataille_des_Nations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bataille des Nations<\/a>. Son p\u00e8re meurt quelques mois plus tard ; sa m\u00e8re \u00e9pouse l\u2019acteur et peintre Ludwig Geyer. Passionn\u00e9 de th\u00e9\u00e2tre, de Shakespeare et de Beethoven, le jeune Wagner apprend la musique presque en autodidacte, puis avec le cantor de Saint-Thomas. Chef de ch\u0153ur et chef d\u2019orchestre \u00e0 W\u00fcrzburg, Magdebourg, K\u00f6nigsberg et Riga, il \u00e9pouse l\u2019actrice Minna Planer (1836). Cribl\u00e9 de dettes, il fuit Riga en 1839 par une travers\u00e9e maritime temp\u00e9tueuse qui lui inspirera <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Vaisseau_fant%C3%B4me_(op%C3%A9ra)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Vaisseau fant\u00f4me<\/a><\/em>, et vit trois ann\u00e9es mis\u00e9rables \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris<\/a>, o\u00f9 il copie de la musique pour survivre.<\/p>\n<h3>Dresde et la r\u00e9volution (1842-1849)<\/h3>\n<p>Le succ\u00e8s de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rienzi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rienzi<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dresde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dresde<\/a> en 1842 lui vaut le poste de ma\u00eetre de chapelle de la cour de Saxe. Il y cr\u00e9e <em>Le Vaisseau fant\u00f4me<\/em> (1843), puis <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tannh%C3%A4user_(op%C3%A9ra)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tannh\u00e4user<\/a><\/em> (1845) et compose <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lohengrin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lohengrin<\/a><\/em>. Mais Wagner, ami de l\u2019anarchiste <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Bakounine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mikha\u00efl Bakounine<\/a>, prend part \u00e0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soul%C3%A8vement_de_mai_%C3%A0_Dresde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">insurrection de mai 1849<\/a> \u00e0 Dresde. Recherch\u00e9 par la police, il s\u2019enfuit en Suisse gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un faux passeport procur\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Liszt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Franz Liszt<\/a>, qui cr\u00e9e <em>Lohengrin<\/em> \u00e0 Weimar en 1850.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/92\/In_fernem_Land_-_Hermann_Jadlowker.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/92\/In_fernem_Land_-_Hermann_Jadlowker.ogg\/In_fernem_Land_-_Hermann_Jadlowker.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Wagner, <em>Lohengrin<\/em> : \u00ab In fernem Land \u00bb, le r\u00e9cit du Graal (acte III), par le t\u00e9nor Hermann Jadlowker (enregistrement historique) <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Victor Talking Machine Co., <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:In_fernem_Land_-_Hermann_Jadlowker.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>L\u2019exil en Suisse : le drame musical (1849-1864)<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zurich<\/a>, Wagner \u00e9crit ses grands essais th\u00e9oriques, <em>L\u2019\u0152uvre d\u2019art de l\u2019avenir<\/em> et <em>Op\u00e9ra et drame<\/em> : il y r\u00eave d\u2019une <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gesamtkunstwerk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0153uvre d\u2019art totale<\/a> unissant po\u00e9sie, musique, danse et arts visuels, sur le mod\u00e8le de la trag\u00e9die grecque. Il entreprend le po\u00e8me et la musique de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L'Anneau_du_Nibelung\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u2019Anneau du Nibelung<\/a><\/em>, immense t\u00e9tralogie tir\u00e9e des mythes germaniques et nordiques. Sa passion pour Mathilde Wesendonck, \u00e9pouse de son protecteur, lui inspire <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tristan_und_Isolde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tristan et Isolde<\/a><\/em> (achev\u00e9 en 1859), dont le premier accord \u2014 le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accord_de_Tristan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accord de Tristan<\/a> \u00bb \u2014 \u00e9branle les fondements de l\u2019harmonie classique et ouvre la voie \u00e0 la musique moderne. \u00c0 Paris, en 1861, <em>Tannh\u00e4user<\/em> provoque un scandale m\u00e9morable, chahut\u00e9 par les membres du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jockey_Club\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jockey Club<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Baudelaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Baudelaire<\/a> prend sa d\u00e9fense dans un article c\u00e9l\u00e8bre.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/Richard_Wagner_-_Tristan_und_Isolde_-_Vorspiel.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/73\/Richard_Wagner_-_Tristan_und_Isolde_-_Vorspiel.ogg\/Richard_Wagner_-_Tristan_und_Isolde_-_Vorspiel.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Wagner, <em>Tristan et Isolde<\/em>, pr\u00e9lude <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(user:OldakQuill, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Richard_Wagner_-_Tristan_und_Isolde_-_Vorspiel.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, EEF OAL-1)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_II_(roi_de_Bavi%C3%A8re)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Louis II de Bavi\u00e8re<\/a> et Cosima (1864-1872)<\/h3>\n<p>En 1864, alors que Wagner est poursuivi par ses cr\u00e9anciers, le jeune roi Louis II de Bavi\u00e8re, \u00e2g\u00e9 de 18 ans, qui le v\u00e9n\u00e8re depuis l\u2019enfance, paie ses dettes et l\u2019appelle \u00e0 Munich. Le roi finance la cr\u00e9ation de <em>Tristan et Isolde<\/em> (1865), puis des <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Ma%C3%AEtres_chanteurs_de_Nuremberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ma\u00eetres chanteurs de Nuremberg<\/a><\/em> (1868), seule com\u00e9die de la maturit\u00e9. Mais la liaison de Wagner avec <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cosima_Wagner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cosima von B\u00fclow<\/a>, fille de Liszt et \u00e9pouse du chef d\u2019orchestre <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hans_von_B%C3%BClow_(chef_d'orchestre)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hans von B\u00fclow<\/a>, fait scandale : il doit quitter Munich et s\u2019installe \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribschen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tribschen<\/a>, pr\u00e8s de Lucerne, o\u00f9 na\u00eet leur fils Siegfried. Il \u00e9pouse Cosima en 1870 et lui offre, \u00e0 son anniversaire, l\u2019<em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idylle_de_Siegfried\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Idylle de Siegfried<\/a><\/em> jou\u00e9e dans l\u2019escalier de la villa.<\/p>\n<h3>Bayreuth (1872-1883)<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Festspielhaus_Bayreuth_2016.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Festspielhaus_Bayreuth_2016.jpg\/1920px-Festspielhaus_Bayreuth_2016.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Palais des festivals de Bayreuth\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Le Palais des festivals de Bayreuth<\/strong> (Festspielhaus), construit sur les plans de Wagner et inaugur\u00e9 en 1876. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Festspielhaus_Bayreuth_2016.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pour repr\u00e9senter <em>L\u2019Anneau du Nibelung<\/em> selon ses v\u0153ux, Wagner fait construire \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayreuth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bayreuth<\/a>, en Franconie, un th\u00e9\u00e2tre enti\u00e8rement nouveau : le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palais_des_festivals_de_Bayreuth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Palais des festivals de Bayreuth<\/a>, aux gradins en amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre et \u00e0 la fosse d\u2019orchestre cach\u00e9e sous la sc\u00e8ne, d\u2019o\u00f9 le son monte comme d\u2019un \u00ab ab\u00eeme mystique \u00bb. Le premier <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/festival_de_Bayreuth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">festival de Bayreuth<\/a> (1876) pr\u00e9sente pour la premi\u00e8re fois la t\u00e9tralogie enti\u00e8re \u2014 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L'Or_du_Rhin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u2019Or du Rhin<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Walkyrie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La Walkyrie<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siegfried_(op%C3%A9ra)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Siegfried<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Cr%C3%A9puscule_des_dieux_(op%C3%A9ra)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Cr\u00e9puscule des dieux<\/a><\/em> \u2014 devant l\u2019empereur Guillaume I<sup>er<\/sup>, Liszt, Tcha\u00efkovski, Bruckner, Saint-Sa\u00ebns. Wagner y cr\u00e9e en 1882 son dernier drame, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parsifal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parsifal<\/a><\/em>, m\u00e9ditation sur la compassion et la r\u00e9demption. Il meurt \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venise<\/a>, au <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ca'_Vendramin_Calergi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">palais Vendramin-Calergi<\/a>, le 13 f\u00e9vrier 1883 ; il est enterr\u00e9 dans le jardin de sa villa <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wahnfried\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wahnfried<\/a>. Le festival, dirig\u00e9 par ses descendants, a lieu chaque \u00e9t\u00e9 depuis.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d2\/Richard_Wagner_-_The_Valkyrie_-_Ride_of_the_Valkyries.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d2\/Richard_Wagner_-_The_Valkyrie_-_Ride_of_the_Valkyries.ogg\/Richard_Wagner_-_The_Valkyrie_-_Ride_of_the_Valkyries.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Wagner, <em>La Walkyrie<\/em> : la Chevauch\u00e9e des Walkyries <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Sphinxdutro\u00e8ne, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Richard_Wagner_-_The_Valkyrie_-_Ride_of_the_Valkyries.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, EEF OAL-1)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Un h\u00e9ritage immense et controvers\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019influence de Wagner sur les arts de la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle est sans \u00e9quivalent : le \u00ab wagn\u00e9risme \u00bb gagne les po\u00e8tes <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symbolisme_(art)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">symbolistes<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auguste_de_Villiers_de_L'Isle-Adam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Villiers de L\u2019Isle-Adam<\/a>), les peintres (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Fantin-Latour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fantin-Latour<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odilon_Redon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Odilon Redon<\/a>), les musiciens (Bruckner, Mahler, Richard Strauss, le jeune Debussy, Chausson), et l\u2019\u00e9crivain <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Mann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Mann<\/a>. Le philosophe <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_Nietzsche\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friedrich Nietzsche<\/a>, d\u2019abord son disciple enthousiaste, devint son critique le plus f\u00e9roce (<em>Le Cas Wagner<\/em>, 1888). Mais l\u2019homme fut aussi l\u2019auteur d\u2019un pamphlet antis\u00e9mite, <em>Le Juda\u00efsme dans la musique<\/em> (1850), et l\u2019appropriation de son \u0153uvre par le r\u00e9gime nazi p\u00e8se lourdement sur sa m\u00e9moire : sa musique n\u2019est toujours pas jou\u00e9e publiquement en Isra\u00ebl. Reste une \u0153uvre qui, avec l\u2019accord de Tristan, a ouvert les portes de la musique du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<h3>Chronologie<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><strong>1813<\/strong> \u2014 naissance \u00e0 Leipzig, le 22 mai<\/li>\n<li><strong>1836<\/strong> \u2014 mariage avec Minna Planer<\/li>\n<li><strong>1839-1842<\/strong> \u2014 s\u00e9jour mis\u00e9rable \u00e0 Paris<\/li>\n<li><strong>1842<\/strong> \u2014 succ\u00e8s de <em>Rienzi<\/em> \u00e0 Dresde<\/li>\n<li><strong>1843<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Le Vaisseau fant\u00f4me<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1845<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Tannh\u00e4user<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1849<\/strong> \u2014 insurrection de Dresde ; exil en Suisse<\/li>\n<li><strong>1850<\/strong> \u2014 Liszt cr\u00e9e <em>Lohengrin<\/em> \u00e0 Weimar<\/li>\n<li><strong>1859<\/strong> \u2014 ach\u00e8vement de <em>Tristan et Isolde<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1861<\/strong> \u2014 scandale de <em>Tannh\u00e4user<\/em> \u00e0 Paris<\/li>\n<li><strong>1864<\/strong> \u2014 appel\u00e9 \u00e0 Munich par Louis II<\/li>\n<li><strong>1865<\/strong> \u2014 cr\u00e9ation de <em>Tristan<\/em> \u00e0 Munich<\/li>\n<li><strong>1868<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Les Ma\u00eetres chanteurs<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1870<\/strong> \u2014 mariage avec Cosima ; <em>Idylle de Siegfried<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1876<\/strong> \u2014 premier festival de Bayreuth : <em>L\u2019Anneau du Nibelung<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1882<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Parsifal<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>1883<\/strong> \u2014 mort \u00e0 Venise, le 13 f\u00e9vrier<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0152uvres majeures<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-chrono\">\n<li><em>Le Vaisseau fant\u00f4me<\/em> (1843)<\/li>\n<li><em>Tannh\u00e4user<\/em> (1845) et <em>Lohengrin<\/em> (1850)<\/li>\n<li><em>Tristan et Isolde<\/em> (1865)<\/li>\n<li><em>Les Ma\u00eetres chanteurs de Nuremberg<\/em> (1868)<\/li>\n<li><em>L\u2019Anneau du Nibelung<\/em> : <em>L\u2019Or du Rhin<\/em>, <em>La Walkyrie<\/em>, <em>Siegfried<\/em>, <em>Le Cr\u00e9puscule des dieux<\/em> (1876)<\/li>\n<li><em>Parsifal<\/em> (1882)<\/li>\n<li><em>Wesendonck-Lieder<\/em> (1858), <em>Idylle de Siegfried<\/em> (1870)<\/li>\n<li>Essais : <em>L\u2019\u0152uvre d\u2019art de l\u2019avenir<\/em>, <em>Op\u00e9ra et drame<\/em> ; autobiographie <em>Ma vie<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:K%C3%B6nig_Ludwig_II._von_Bayern_in_Generalsuniform_mit_dem_Kr%C3%B6nungsmantel.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/K%C3%B6nig_Ludwig_II._von_Bayern_in_Generalsuniform_mit_dem_Kr%C3%B6nungsmantel.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Louis II de Bavi\u00e8re\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Ferdinand von Piloty<\/strong>, <em>Louis II de Bavi\u00e8re<\/em>, 1865. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:K%C3%B6nig_Ludwig_II._von_Bayern_in_Generalsuniform_mit_dem_Kr%C3%B6nungsmantel.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cosima_Wagner_by_Franz_von_Lenbach_(1870).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8c\/Cosima_Wagner_by_Franz_von_Lenbach_%281870%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Cosima Wagner\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Franz von Lenbach<\/strong>, <em>Cosima Wagner<\/em>, 1870. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cosima_Wagner_by_Franz_von_Lenbach_(1870).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ferdinand_Leeke_-_Scene_from_Richard_Wagner%27s_Valkyrie.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Ferdinand_Leeke_-_Scene_from_Richard_Wagner%27s_Valkyrie.jpg\/1920px-Ferdinand_Leeke_-_Scene_from_Richard_Wagner%27s_Valkyrie.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"La Walkyrie\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Ferdinand Leeke<\/strong>, <em>Sc\u00e8ne de La Walkyrie<\/em> de Richard Wagner. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ferdinand_Leeke_-_Scene_from_Richard_Wagner%27s_Valkyrie.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wahnfried_house_in_Bayreuth_(1).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Wahnfried_house_in_Bayreuth_%281%29.jpg\/1920px-Wahnfried_house_in_Bayreuth_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Villa Wahnfried\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>La villa Wahnfried<\/strong> \u00e0 Bayreuth, aujourd\u2019hui mus\u00e9e Richard Wagner. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wahnfried_house_in_Bayreuth_(1).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Neuschwanstein_Castle_2024-02.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/Neuschwanstein_Castle_2024-02.jpg\/1920px-Neuschwanstein_Castle_2024-02.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Neuschwanstein\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Le ch\u00e2teau de Neuschwanstein<\/strong>, construit par Louis II et inspir\u00e9 des op\u00e9ras de Wagner. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Neuschwanstein_Castle_2024-02.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:(Venice)_-_Palazzo_Vendramin_Calergi_-_Wagner_Plaque.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e6\/%28Venice%29_-_Palazzo_Vendramin_Calergi_-_Wagner_Plaque.jpg\/1920px-%28Venice%29_-_Palazzo_Vendramin_Calergi_-_Wagner_Plaque.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Palais Vendramin-Calergi\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Le palais Vendramin-Calergi<\/strong> \u00e0 Venise, o\u00f9 mourut Wagner. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:(Venice)_-_Palazzo_Vendramin_Calergi_-_Wagner_Plaque.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u00c0 voir et \u00e0 \u00e9couter<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Chevauch%C3%A9e+des+Walkyries+Wagner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La Chevauch\u00e9e des Walkyries<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Tristan+Isolde+Liebestod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le pr\u00e9lude et la mort d\u2019Isolde<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Bayreuth+Festspiele+documentaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le festival de Bayreuth<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00c0 t\u00e9l\u00e9charger (livres du domaine public, PDF)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/mylifewagner01wagniala\/mylifewagner01wagniala.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 Richard Wagner, <em>My Life<\/em> (Ma vie), tome I, New York, Dodd, Mead, 1911. (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/mylifewagner01wagniala\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/richardwagner00cham\/richardwagner00cham.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 Houston Stewart Chamberlain, <em>Richard Wagner<\/em> (1896), \u00e9dition de 1919. (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/richardwagner00cham\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bayreuther-festspiele.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Festival de Bayreuth<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wagnermuseum.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mus\u00e9e Richard Wagner \u2014 Wahnfried<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/imslp.org\/wiki\/Category:Wagner,_Richard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Partitions de Wagner sur IMSLP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Charles Baudelaire, <em>Richard Wagner et Tannh\u00e4user \u00e0 Paris<\/em>, 1861.<\/li>\n<li>Friedrich Nietzsche, <em>Le Cas Wagner<\/em>, 1888.<\/li>\n<li>Martin Gregor-Dellin, <em>Richard Wagner<\/em>, Fayard, 1981.<\/li>\n<li>Jean-Jacques Nattiez, <em>Wagner androgyne<\/em>, Christian Bourgois, 1990.<\/li>\n<li>Voir aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-grands-mouvements-de-la-musique\/\">Les grands mouvements de la musique<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-20-oeuvres-musicales-les-plus-celebres\/\">Les 20 \u0153uvres musicales les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/la-musique\/\">La Musique<\/a>. Voir aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/opera\/\">L\u2019Op\u00e9ra<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/giuseppe-verdi\/\">Giuseppe Verdi<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/la-musique-allemande\/\">La Musique allemande<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Ferdinand Leeke, Le Voyage de Siegfried sur le Rhin, sc\u00e8ne du Ier acte du Cr\u00e9puscule des dieux de Richard Wagner (Wikimedia Commons, Public domain) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Richard Wagner (1813-1883), l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019art totale G\u00e9nie r\u00e9volutionnaire, personnalit\u00e9 d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e et controvers\u00e9e, Richard Wagner (1813-1883) a boulevers\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31472,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31473","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Richard Wagner (1813-1883), l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019art totale - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"G\u00e9nie r\u00e9volutionnaire, personnalit\u00e9 d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e et controvers\u00e9e, Richard Wagner (1813-1883) a boulevers\u00e9 l\u2019histoire de l\u2019op\u00e9ra et de toute la musique. 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