{"id":31459,"date":"2026-10-30T23:20:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T22:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-grands-mouvements-de-la-musique\/"},"modified":"2026-10-31T06:54:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T05:54:37","slug":"les-grands-mouvements-de-la-musique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-grands-mouvements-de-la-musique\/","title":{"rendered":"Les grands mouvements de la musique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opa-ref\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.5;\"><em><strong>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate :<\/strong> <strong>Josef Danhauser<\/strong>, <em>Liszt au piano<\/em> (<em>Liszt am Fl\u00fcgel<\/em>), 1840, huile sur bois, Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Josef_Danhauser_Liszt_am_Fl%C3%BCgel_1840_01.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, domaine public)<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-soutien\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 0 1.6em;\">\n<form style=\"display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 .4em;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\" method=\"post\" target=\"_top\"><input name=\"hosted_button_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"QSSRVLDUKP2MG\" \/><input style=\"border: 0;\" title=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" alt=\"Faire un don avec PayPal\" name=\"submit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paypalobjects.com\/fr_FR\/FR\/i\/btn\/btn_donateCC_LG.gif\" type=\"image\" \/><\/form>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/soutenir\/\">Soutenir mon travail<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/abonnements\/\">Tout lire sans limite<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Livres-Orazio-Puglisi\/s?rh=n%3A301061%2Cp_27%3AOrazio+Puglisi\">Mes livres<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style>.opa-art{font-size:1.04em;line-height:1.75}.opa-art h2{margin-top:1.6em}.opa-art h3{margin-top:1.8em;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-fig{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1000px,94vw);margin:2.2em 0}.opa-fig img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:none!important;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:3px}.opa-fig figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:.8em auto 0;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;opacity:.8}.opa-lettrine:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:3.4em;line-height:.9;padding:.05em .12em 0 0;color:#7a1f2b}.opa-biblio{font-size:.92em}<\/style>\n<style>.opa-gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.6em 0;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:min(1100px,94vw);background:#fbf8f3;padding:18px;border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#222}.opa-gal figure{margin:0}.opa-gal img{width:100%!important;height:220px!important;object-fit:cover;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.opa-gal figcaption{font-size:.78em;line-height:1.4;margin-top:.4em;opacity:.9}.opa-vidbox{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:1.2em 0;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.opa-vidbox iframe,.opa-vidbox video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.opa-dl li{margin:.4em 0}.opa-dl a{font-weight:600}<\/style>\n<div class=\"opa-art\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Les grands mouvements de la musique, du chant gr\u00e9gorien \u00e0 nos jours<\/h2>\n<style>.opa-audio{margin:.8em 0 1.4em}.opa-audio audio{width:100%}.opa-audio-cap{font-size:.78em;margin-top:.3em;opacity:.85}<\/style>\n<p class=\"opa-lettrine\">De la monodie sacr\u00e9e du Moyen \u00c2ge aux musiques \u00e9lectroniques d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, la musique occidentale a connu une succession de grands styles, chacun avec ses formes, ses instruments et ses g\u00e9nies. Voici, mouvement par mouvement, la grande chronologie de la musique savante, avec \u00e0 chaque \u00e9tape une \u0153uvre \u00e0 \u00e9couter, libre de droits. Pour les musiques des autres continents, voir <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-musiques-du-monde\/\">Les musiques du monde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>La musique m\u00e9di\u00e9vale : chant gr\u00e9gorien et premi\u00e8res polyphonies <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(IX<sup>e<\/sup>-XIV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles)<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:St._Gallen_Stiftsbibliothek,_Cod._Sang._359,_S._107.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6e\/St._Gallen_Stiftsbibliothek%2C_Cod._Sang._359%2C_S._107.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Manuscrit de chant gr\u00e9gorien\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Cantatorium de Saint-Gall<\/strong> (Cod. Sang. 359), vers 922-925, l\u2019un des plus anciens manuscrits de chant gr\u00e9gorien not\u00e9 en neumes, Saint-Gall, Stiftsbibliothek. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:St._Gallen_Stiftsbibliothek,_Cod._Sang._359,_S._107.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/chant_gr%C3%A9gorien\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chant gr\u00e9gorien<\/a>, monodie latine de la liturgie, est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque carolingienne et not\u00e9 sur des <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neume\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neumes<\/a>. Vers 1030, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guido_d'Arezzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guido d\u2019Arezzo<\/a> invente la port\u00e9e et le nom des notes (<em>ut, r\u00e9, mi\u2026<\/em>). \u00c0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Notre-Dame de Paris<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9onin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00e9onin<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%A9rotin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u00e9rotin<\/a> cr\u00e9ent l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/organum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">organum<\/a> \u00e0 plusieurs voix ; au XIV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ars_nova\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ars nova<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippe_de_Vitry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philippe de Vitry<\/a> et de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guillaume_de_Machaut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guillaume de Machaut<\/a> invente une notation rythmique moderne. Les <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/troubadours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">troubadours<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/trouv%C3%A8res\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trouv\u00e8res<\/a> chantent l\u2019amour courtois ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hildegarde_de_Bingen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hildegarde de Bingen<\/a> compose ses chants visionnaires.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/Rorate_Caeli_~_Gregorian_Chant.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f8\/Rorate_Caeli_~_Gregorian_Chant.ogg\/Rorate_Caeli_~_Gregorian_Chant.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Chant gr\u00e9gorien <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Inritter, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rorate_Caeli_~_Gregorian_Chant.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>La Renaissance : l\u2019\u00e2ge d\u2019or de la polyphonie <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(vers 1400-1600)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les musiciens franco-flamands \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guillaume_Dufay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guillaume Dufay<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johannes_Ockeghem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johannes Ockeghem<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josquin_des_Pr%C3%A9s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Josquin des Pr\u00e9s<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roland_de_Lassus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roland de Lassus<\/a> \u2014 portent la polyphonie vocale \u00e0 la perfection. \u00c0 Rome, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina<\/a> compose la <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Missa_Papae_Marcelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Messe du pape Marcel<\/a><\/em>, mod\u00e8le de clart\u00e9 voulu par le concile de Trente ; en Espagne, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom\u00e1s Luis de Victoria<\/a> ; en France, la chanson de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cl%C3%A9ment_Janequin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cl\u00e9ment Janequin<\/a> ; en Italie, le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/madrigal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">madrigal<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlo_Gesualdo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carlo Gesualdo<\/a> et de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claudio_Monteverdi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Claudio Monteverdi<\/a>. L\u2019imprimerie musicale d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottaviano_Petrucci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ottaviano Petrucci<\/a> (1501) diffuse les partitions dans toute l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/04\/Missa_Papae_Marcelli_-_V._Agnus_Dei_I.flac\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/04\/Missa_Papae_Marcelli_-_V._Agnus_Dei_I.flac\/Missa_Papae_Marcelli_-_V._Agnus_Dei_I.flac.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Palestrina, Messe du pape Marcel (extrait) <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(European Archive Music \/ Giovanni Pierluigi da Pal, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Missa_Papae_Marcelli_-_V._Agnus_Dei_I.flac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC0)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Le baroque <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(1600-1750)<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_Google_Arts_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_Google_Arts_Project.jpg\/1920px-Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_Google_Arts_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Jean-S\u00e9bastien Bach\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Elias Gottlob Haussmann<\/strong>, <em>Portrait de Jean-S\u00e9bastien Bach<\/em>, 1746, Leipzig, Stadtgeschichtliches Museum. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_Google_Arts_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vers 1600 naissent l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/op%C3%A9ra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">op\u00e9ra<\/a> \u2014 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L'Orfeo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u2019Orfeo<\/a><\/em> de Monteverdi (1607) \u2014, la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/basse_continue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">basse continue<\/a> et le style concertant. Le baroque aime le contraste, l\u2019ornement et l\u2019expression des passions : <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Baptiste_Lully\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jean-Baptiste Lully<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Philippe_Rameau\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jean-Philippe Rameau<\/a> \u00e0 Versailles, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Purcell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Henry Purcell<\/a> \u00e0 Londres, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arcangelo_Corelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arcangelo Corelli<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Vivaldi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antonio Vivaldi<\/a> en Italie, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georg_Friedrich_Haendel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Georg Friedrich Haendel<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-S%C3%A9bastien_Bach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jean-S\u00e9bastien Bach<\/a>, dont la mort en 1750 cl\u00f4t l\u2019\u00e9poque. Formes reines : concerto, suite, cantate, oratorio, fugue.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/ca\/Bach_-_Brandenburg_Concerto_No._3_-_3._Allegro.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ca\/Bach_-_Brandenburg_Concerto_No._3_-_3._Allegro.ogg\/Bach_-_Brandenburg_Concerto_No._3_-_3._Allegro.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">J.-S. Bach, Concerto brandebourgeois n<sup>o<\/sup> 3 <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Johann Sebastian Bach, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bach_-_Brandenburg_Concerto_No._3_-_3._Allegro.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Le classicisme viennois <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(1750-1820)<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b1\/Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg\/1920px-Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Joseph Haydn\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Thomas Hardy<\/strong>, <em>Portrait de Joseph Haydn<\/em>, 1791, Londres, Royal College of Music. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Joseph_Haydn_by_Thomas_Hardy.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Clart\u00e9, \u00e9quilibre et forme sonate : la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/symphonie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">symphonie<\/a>, le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/quatuor_%C3%A0_cordes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quatuor \u00e0 cordes<\/a>, la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/sonate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sonate<\/a> et le concerto pour piano s\u2019\u00e9panouissent \u00e0 Vienne avec <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Haydn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Haydn<\/a>, \u00ab p\u00e8re de la symphonie \u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<\/a> et le jeune <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_van_Beethoven\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ludwig van Beethoven<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christoph Willibald Gluck<\/a> r\u00e9forme l\u2019op\u00e9ra. Le piano-forte remplace le clavecin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/42\/Haydn%3B_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22%2C_2._Andante.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/42\/Haydn%3B_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22%2C_2._Andante.ogg\/Haydn%3B_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22%2C_2._Andante.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Haydn, Symphonie n<sup>o<\/sup> 94 \u00ab La Surprise \u00bb <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Boston Symphony Orchestra<\/p>\n<p>Serge Koussevitzky, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haydn;_Symphony_No._94_%22Surprise%22,_2._Andante.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Le romantisme <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(1820-1900)<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg\/1920px-Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Beethoven\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Joseph Karl Stieler<\/strong>, <em>Beethoven composant la Missa solemnis<\/em>, 1820, Bonn, Beethoven-Haus. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Beethoven ouvre la voie : la musique exprime d\u00e9sormais le moi, la nature, le fantastique et la passion. Le lied de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Schubert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Franz Schubert<\/a> et de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Schumann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Schumann<\/a>, le piano de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin<\/a> et de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Liszt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Franz Liszt<\/a>, la symphonie fantastique d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hector_Berlioz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hector Berlioz<\/a>, l\u2019op\u00e9ra de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giuseppe_Verdi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Giuseppe Verdi<\/a> et le drame musical de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Wagner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Wagner<\/a>, puis <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johannes_Brahms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johannes Brahms<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piotr_Ilitch_Tcha%C3%AFkovski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piotr Ilitch Tcha\u00efkovski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustav_Mahler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gustav Mahler<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Strauss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Strauss<\/a> dominent un si\u00e8cle o\u00f9 le virtuose et le chef d\u2019orchestre deviennent des h\u00e9ros.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/96\/Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/96\/Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg\/Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Schubert, Symphonie n<sup>o<\/sup> 8 \u00ab Inachev\u00e9e \u00bb (extrait) <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Franz Schubert, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, EEF OAL-1)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Les \u00e9coles nationales <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(vers 1850-1930)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les peuples d\u2019Europe affirment leur identit\u00e9 par la musique, en puisant dans le folklore : le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Groupe_des_Cinq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Groupe des Cinq<\/a> russe (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modeste_Moussorgski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moussorgski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Rimski-Korsakov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rimski-Korsakov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandre_Borodine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borodine<\/a>\u2026) apr\u00e8s <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Glinka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mikha\u00efl Glinka<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bed\u0159ich Smetana<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k<\/a> en Boh\u00eame ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edvard_Grieg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edvard Grieg<\/a> en Norv\u00e8ge ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Sibelius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jean Sibelius<\/a> en Finlande ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isaac Alb\u00e9niz<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrique_Granados\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enrique Granados<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuel_de_Falla\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manuel de Falla<\/a> en Espagne ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zolt\u00e1n Kod\u00e1ly<\/a> en Hongrie.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/Bedrich_Smetana_-_ma_vlast_-_i._vltava_%27the_moldau%27.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/08\/Bedrich_Smetana_-_ma_vlast_-_i._vltava_%27the_moldau%27.ogg\/Bedrich_Smetana_-_ma_vlast_-_i._vltava_%27the_moldau%27.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Smetana, <em>La Moldau<\/em> (extrait) <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Composer: Bed\u0159ich Smetana (see Musopen for author , <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bedrich_Smetana_-_ma_vlast_-_i._vltava_%27the_moldau%27.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>L\u2019impressionnisme musical <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(1890-1920)<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"opa-fig\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Claude_Debussy_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c3\/Claude_Debussy_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg\/1920px-Claude_Debussy_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Claude Debussy\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Claude Debussy<\/strong>, photographie de l\u2019atelier Nadar, 1908. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Claude_Debussy_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claude_Debussy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Claude Debussy<\/a>, avec le <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pr%C3%A9lude_%C3%A0_l'apr%C3%A8s-midi_d'un_faune\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi d\u2019un faune<\/a><\/em> (1894) et <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Mer_(Debussy)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La Mer<\/a><\/em>, puis <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maurice_Ravel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maurice Ravel<\/a>, inventent un art de la couleur, de la suggestion et des timbres, proche des peintres impressionnistes et des po\u00e8tes symbolistes. <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erik_Satie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erik Satie<\/a>, avec ses <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gymnop%C3%A9dies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gymnop\u00e9dies<\/a><\/em>, ouvre la voie \u00e0 une simplicit\u00e9 nouvelle.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/Columbia-dwx1550ix-c-wlx1289.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/43\/Columbia-dwx1550ix-c-wlx1289.ogg\/Columbia-dwx1550ix-c-wlx1289.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Debussy, <em>Pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi d\u2019un faune<\/em> (enregistrement Columbia sur 78 tours, 1<sup>re<\/sup> face) <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Claude Debussy, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Columbia-dwx1550ix-c-wlx1289.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Le XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et la modernit\u00e9 <span style=\"font-weight:normal;opacity:.75\">(1900-2000)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Igor_Stravinsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Igor Stravinsky<\/a> fait scandale avec <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Sacre_du_printemps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Sacre du printemps<\/a><\/em> (1913) ; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arnold Sch\u00f6nberg<\/a> abandonne la tonalit\u00e9 et invente le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/dod%C3%A9caphonisme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dod\u00e9caphonisme<\/a>, prolong\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alban_Berg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alban Berg<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anton_Webern\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton Webern<\/a>. Le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/n%C3%A9oclassicisme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">n\u00e9oclassicisme<\/a>, le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Six\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Groupe des Six<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Poulenc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Francis Poulenc<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darius_Milhaud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Darius Milhaud<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Honegger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arthur Honegger<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serge_Prokofiev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Serge Prokofiev<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dmitri_Chostakovitch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dmitri Chostakovitch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olivier_Messiaen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olivier Messiaen<\/a>, la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/musique_concr%C3%A8te\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">musique concr\u00e8te<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Schaeffer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pierre Schaeffer<\/a>, le s\u00e9rialisme de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Boulez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pierre Boulez<\/a> et de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karlheinz_Stockhausen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karlheinz Stockhausen<\/a>, le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musique_minimaliste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">minimalisme<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steve_Reich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Steve Reich<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Glass\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philip Glass<\/a>, la \u00ab sainte simplicit\u00e9 \u00bb d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arvo P\u00e4rt<\/a> : jamais la musique n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi diverse. Le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/jazz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jazz<\/a>, n\u00e9 \u00e0 La Nouvelle-Orl\u00e9ans, et le cin\u00e9ma cr\u00e9ent de nouveaux publics.<\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio\"><audio controls preload=\"none\" style=\"width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/90\/Erik_Satie_-_gymnopedies_-_la_1_ere._lent_et_douloureux.ogg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/90\/Erik_Satie_-_gymnopedies_-_la_1_ere._lent_et_douloureux.ogg\/Erik_Satie_-_gymnopedies_-_la_1_ere._lent_et_douloureux.ogg.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<div class=\"opa-audio-cap\">Satie, <em>Gymnop\u00e9die n<sup>o<\/sup> 1<\/em> <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(Robin Alciatore, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Erik_Satie_-_gymnopedies_-_la_1_ere._lent_et_douloureux.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Biographies des grands compositeurs :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/monteverdi\/\">Monteverdi<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/henry-purcell\/\">Purcell<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/antonio-vivaldi\/\">Vivaldi<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/jean-philippe-rameau\/\">Rameau<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/jean-sebastien-bach\/\">Bach<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/georg-friedrich-haendel\/\">Haendel<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/christoph-willibald-gluck\/\">Gluck<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/joseph-haydn\/\">Haydn<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/mozart\/\">Mozart<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/beethoven\/\">Beethoven<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/gioachino-rossini\/\">Rossini<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/franz-schubert\/\">Schubert<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/hector-berlioz\/\">Berlioz<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/felix-mendelssohn\/\">Mendelssohn<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/frederic-chopin\/\">Chopin<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/robert-schumann\/\">Schumann<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/franz-liszt\/\">Liszt<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/giuseppe-verdi\/\">Verdi<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/richard-wagner\/\">Wagner<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/bedrich-smetana\/\">Smetana<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/johannes-brahms\/\">Brahms<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/camille-saint-saens\/\">Saint-Sa\u00ebns<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/modeste-moussorgski\/\">Moussorgski<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/piotr-ilitch-tchaikovski\/\">Tcha\u00efkovski<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/antonin-dvorak\/\">Dvo\u0159\u00e1k<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/edvard-grieg\/\">Grieg<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/gabriel-faure\/\">Faur\u00e9<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/giacomo-puccini\/\">Puccini<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/gustav-mahler\/\">Mahler<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/debussy\/\">Debussy<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/richard-strauss\/\">Strauss<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/erik-satie\/\">Satie<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/serguei-rachmaninov\/\">Rachmaninov<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/ravel\/\">Ravel<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Voir aussi :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-compositeurs-du-monde\/\">les compositeurs du monde, par continent et par pays<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Galerie<\/h3>\n<div class=\"opa-gal\">\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hildegard_von_Bingen.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/ba\/Hildegard_von_Bingen.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Hildegarde de Bingen\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Hildegarde de Bingen<\/strong> re\u00e7oit l\u2019inspiration divine, <em>Scivias<\/em>, XII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hildegard_von_Bingen.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4c\/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Palestrina\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina<\/strong>, gravure. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bernardo_Strozzi_-_Claudio_Monteverdi_(c.1630).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/02\/Bernardo_Strozzi_-_Claudio_Monteverdi_%28c.1630%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Monteverdi\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Bernardo Strozzi<\/strong>, <em>Portrait de Claudio Monteverdi<\/em>, vers 1630, Innsbruck, Tiroler Landesmuseum. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bernardo_Strozzi_-_Claudio_Monteverdi_(c.1630).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_six_years._Photograph_Wellcome_V0027540EL.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_six_years._Photograph_Wellcome_V0027540EL.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Mozart enfant\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Mozart \u00e0 six ans<\/strong> en habit de gala, portrait attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Pietro Antonio Lorenzoni, 1763, Salzbourg, Mozarteum (photographie Wellcome Collection). <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_six_years._Photograph_Wellcome_V0027540EL.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY 4.0)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Richard_Wagner._Franz_Hanfstaengl,_M%C3%BCnchen,_1871.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d7\/Richard_Wagner._Franz_Hanfstaengl%2C_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_1871.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&#038;utm_campaign=imageinfo&#038;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"Wagner\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><figcaption><strong>Richard Wagner<\/strong>, photographie de Franz Hanfstaengl, 1871. <span style=\"opacity:.75\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Richard_Wagner._Franz_Hanfstaengl,_M%C3%BCnchen,_1871.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, Public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u00c0 voir et \u00e0 \u00e9couter<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=histoire+de+la+musique+classique+documentaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Histoire de la musique classique en une heure<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=chant+gr%C3%A9gorien\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le chant gr\u00e9gorien<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Sacre+du+printemps+Stravinsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Sacre du printemps de Stravinsky<\/a> (vid\u00e9os YouTube)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00c0 t\u00e9l\u00e9charger (livres du domaine public, PDF)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/cu31924022441871\/cu31924022441871.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF<\/a> \u2014 Charles Villiers Stanford et Cecil Forsyth, <em>A History of Music<\/em>, New York, Macmillan, \u00e9d. 1920 (exemplaire de la Cornell University Library). (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/cu31924022441871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lire en ligne<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin en ligne<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-dl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/philharmoniedeparis.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philharmonie de Paris \u2014 ressources et concerts en ligne<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/imslp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IMSLP, partitions du domaine public<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/musopen.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Musopen, enregistrements libres de droits<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"opa-biblio\">\n<li>Jacques Chailley, <em>Histoire musicale du Moyen \u00c2ge<\/em>, PUF, 1950.<\/li>\n<li>Roland de Cand\u00e9, <em>Histoire universelle de la musique<\/em>, Seuil, 1978.<\/li>\n<li>Brigitte et Jean Massin (dir.), <em>Histoire de la musique occidentale<\/em>, Fayard, 1985.<\/li>\n<li>Voir aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-20-oeuvres-musicales-les-plus-celebres\/\">Les 20 \u0153uvres musicales les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/histoire-de-la-musique-classique\/\">Histoire de la Musique Classique<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image d&rsquo;en-t\u00eate : Josef Danhauser, Liszt au piano (Liszt am Fl\u00fcgel), 1840, huile sur bois, Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie (Wikimedia Commons, domaine public) Soutenir mon travail \u00b7 Tout lire sans limite \u00b7 Mes livres Les grands mouvements de la musique, du chant gr\u00e9gorien \u00e0 nos jours De la monodie sacr\u00e9e du Moyen \u00c2ge aux musiques \u00e9lectroniques [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31458,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31459","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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