{"id":20283,"date":"2025-10-31T10:55:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T09:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/?page_id=20283"},"modified":"2025-10-31T10:57:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T09:57:51","slug":"confession-de-foi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/confession-de-foi\/","title":{"rendered":"Confession de Foi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise\">Confession de Foi<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20285\" style=\"width: 492px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20285\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20285\" src=\"http:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/istockphoto-1432647403-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/istockphoto-1432647403-612x612-1.jpg 482w, https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/istockphoto-1432647403-612x612-1-236x300.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20285\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Knox, a Scottish minister, writer and a leader of the country&rsquo;s Reformation. Founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La\u00a0<b>confession \u00e9cossaise<\/b>\u00a0(aussi appel\u00e9e confession \u00e9cossaise de 1560) est une\u00a0<a title=\"Confessions de foi chr\u00e9tiennes r\u00e9form\u00e9es\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confessions_de_foi_chr%C3%A9tiennes_r%C3%A9form%C3%A9es\">confession de foi r\u00e9form\u00e9e<\/a>\u00a0\u00e9crite en 1560 par six\u00a0<a title=\"R\u00e9forme protestante\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9forme_protestante\">r\u00e9formateurs protestants<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u00c9cosse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89cosse\">\u00e9cossais<\/a>, dont le principal d&rsquo;entre eux,\u00a0<a title=\"John Knox\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Knox\">John Knox<\/a>, et adopt\u00e9e par le\u00a0<a title=\"Parlement d'\u00c9cosse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parlement_d%27%C3%89cosse\">Parlement d&rsquo;\u00c9cosse<\/a>\u00a0le\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1560-09-06\" data-sort-value=\"1560-09-06\">27 ao\u00fbt 1560<\/time>, sous le r\u00e8gne de\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Marie Ire d'\u00c9cosse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie_Ire_d%27%C3%89cosse\">Marie Stuart<\/a>. Avec le\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Book of Discipline (Church of Scotland)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Discipline_(Church_of_Scotland)\">Code de discipline<\/a>\u00a0et le\u00a0<i><a class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Book of Common Order\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Common_Order\">Book of Common Order<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(\u00e9quivalent presbyt\u00e9rien du\u00a0<i><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Book of Common Prayer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Common_Prayer\">Book of Common Prayer<\/a><\/i>\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Anglican\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglican\">anglican<\/a>), ce texte fait partie de la premi\u00e8re \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e8gle subordonn\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb (<i><a class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:subordinate standard\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/subordinate_standard\">subordinate standard<\/a><\/i>)<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u00e9tablissant officiellement les principes et les r\u00e8gles de fonctionnement de l&rsquo;<a title=\"\u00c9glise d'\u00c9cosse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89glise_d%27%C3%89cosse\">\u00c9glise d&rsquo;\u00c9cosse<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Faisant partie du texte de loi de 1560 intitul\u00e9\u00a0<i>the Confession of Faith Ratification Act 1560<\/i>, la confession \u00e9cossaise fait toujours partie de la loi \u00e9cossaise<sup id=\"cite_ref-gov_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-gov-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Contenu\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comme les autres confession de foi calvinistes, elle refuse le dogme de la\u00a0<a title=\"Transsubstantiation\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transsubstantiation\">transsubstantiation<\/a>\u00a0et affirme la\u00a0<a title=\"Pr\u00e9sence pneumatique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pr%C3%A9sence_pneumatique\">pr\u00e9sence r\u00e9elle spirituelle<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"J\u00e9sus-Christ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A9sus-Christ\">Christ<\/a>\u00a0dans la\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sainte C\u00e8ne\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sainte_C%C3%A8ne\">c\u00e8ne<\/a>. Mais Knox se distingue de\u00a0<a title=\"Jean Calvin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Calvin\">Jean Calvin<\/a>\u00a0en \u00e9tant plus nuanc\u00e9 sur la\u00a0<a title=\"Pr\u00e9destination\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pr%C3%A9destination\">pr\u00e9destination<\/a>. Il insiste sur l&rsquo;\u00e9lection \u00e9ternelle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elle comporte 25 chapitres<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Chapitre 1 &#8211; Dieu<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 2 &#8211; La cr\u00e9ation de l&rsquo;Homme<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 3 &#8211; Le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 originel<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 4 &#8211; la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation de la promesse<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 5 &#8211; La continuit\u00e9, l&rsquo;augmentation et la pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019\u00c9glise<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 6 &#8211; L&rsquo;incarnation de J\u00e9sus-Christ<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 7 &#8211; Pourquoi il fallait que le M\u00e9diateur f\u00fbt vrai Dieu et vrai Homme<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 8 &#8211; L&rsquo;\u00e9lection<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 9 &#8211; la mort, la passion et la mise au tombeau du Christ<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 10 &#8211; La r\u00e9surrection<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 11 &#8211; L&rsquo;ascension<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 12 &#8211; La foi dans l&rsquo;Esprit Saint<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 13 &#8211; La cause des bonnes \u0153uvres<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 14 &#8211; Les \u0153uvres qui comptent devant Dieu<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 15 &#8211; La perfection de la Loi et l&rsquo;imperfection de l&rsquo;Homme<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 16 &#8211; L\u2019\u00c9glise<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 17 &#8211; L&rsquo;immortalit\u00e9 des \u00e2mes<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 18 &#8211; Les crit\u00e8res selon lesquels la vraie \u00e9glise sera s\u00e9par\u00e9e de la fausse et qui sera le Juge des doctrines<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 19 &#8211; L&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 des \u00e9critures<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 20 &#8211; Les conciles g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, leur pouvoir, leur autorit\u00e9 et le motif de leur convocation<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 21 &#8211; Les sacrements<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 22 &#8211; La juste administration des sacrements<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 23 &#8211; A qui les sacrements appartiennent<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 24 &#8211; Le magistrat civil<\/li>\n<li>Chapitre 25 &#8211; Les dons gratuitement offerts \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9glise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Historique\">Historique<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Pr\u00e9paration_et_vote\"><span id=\"Pr.C3.A9paration_et_vote\"><\/span>Pr\u00e9paration et vote<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En ao\u00fbt 1560, le\u00a0<a title=\"Parlement d'\u00c9cosse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parlement_d%27%C3%89cosse\">Parlement d&rsquo;\u00c9cosse<\/a>\u00a0a accept\u00e9 de r\u00e9former la religion du pays. Pour lui permettre de d\u00e9cider ce que devait \u00eatre la foi r\u00e9form\u00e9e, ils ont charg\u00e9 une commission de six eccl\u00e9siastiques (curieusement tous pr\u00e9nomm\u00e9s John, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 leur surnom\u00a0<i>the Six-John<\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>) de pr\u00e9parer la nouvelle confession de la foi, cela sous la pr\u00e9sidence de\u00a0<a title=\"John Knox\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Knox\">John Knox<\/a>, ce qui fait qu&rsquo;on lui attribue g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la paternit\u00e9 du travail r\u00e9alis\u00e9 &#8211; en 4 jours seulement &#8211; par ce groupe<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bien que contemporains des textes publi\u00e9s \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve par les disciples de\u00a0<a title=\"Jean Calvin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Calvin\">Jean Calvin<\/a>, les 25 chapitres de la confession ont \u00e9noncent une vision calviniste de la foi chr\u00e9tienne.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Parlement \u00e9cossais a approuv\u00e9 la confession \u00e9cossaise le 27 ao\u00fbt 1560.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Mise_en_\u0153uvre\"><span id=\"Mise_en_.C5.93uvre\"><\/span>Mise en \u0153uvre<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Malgr\u00e9 le vote du parlement, la tr\u00e8s catholique souveraine \u00e9cossaise\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Marie Ire d'\u00c9cosse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie_Ire_d%27%C3%89cosse\">Marie Stuart<\/a>, s&rsquo;appuyant sur le\u00a0<a title=\"Trait\u00e9 d'\u00c9dimbourg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trait%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89dimbourg\">Trait\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00c9dimbourg<\/a>, refuse la ratification du texte qui attendra donc jusqu&rsquo;en 1567 la signature du successeur de la reine Mary<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette confession n&rsquo;a rien de contraignant pour les clercs qui n&rsquo;\u00e9taient soumis \u00e0 aucun serment ou profession de foi pr\u00e9alable. La seule mesure politique d&rsquo;importance prise par le Parlement fut l&rsquo;abolition de l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 pontificale. Jusqu&rsquo;en 1566, aucune loi n&rsquo;obligea les\u00a0<a title=\"Pr\u00eatre catholique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pr%C3%AAtre_catholique\">pr\u00eatres catholiques<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 c\u00e9der la place \u00e0 des ministres r\u00e9form\u00e9s\u00a0: beaucoup se maintinrent dans leurs paroisses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En 1561, un\u00a0<i>Book of Discipline<\/i>\u00a0est \u00e9labor\u00e9 par une commission d&rsquo;eccl\u00e9siastiques. \u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de Gen\u00e8ve, les seuls minist\u00e8res sont les pasteurs et les anciens. Ils \u00e9taient \u00e9lus par les paroisses. Surtout, on instaurait des \u00ab\u00a0superintendants\u00a0\u00bb, dont l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 s&rsquo;exer\u00e7ait sur des r\u00e9gions analogues aux anciens\u00a0<a title=\"Dioc\u00e8se\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dioc%C3%A8se\">dioc\u00e8ses<\/a>, soumis \u00e0 des magistrats et \u00e0 la Couronne. Beaucoup d&rsquo;<a title=\"\u00c9v\u00eaque\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89v%C3%AAque\">\u00e9v\u00eaques<\/a>\u00a0catholiques devinrent des superintendants, certains embrassant sinc\u00e8rement la foi nouvelle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La confession \u00e9cossaise est rest\u00e9e la confession de l&rsquo;<a title=\"\u00c9glise d'\u00c9cosse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89glise_d%27%C3%89cosse\">\u00c9glise d&rsquo;\u00c9cosse<\/a>\u00a0jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 son remplacement par la\u00a0<a title=\"Confession de foi de Westminster\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_de_Westminster\">Confession de foi de Westminster<\/a>\u00a0le 27 ao\u00fbt 1647. Depuis 1967, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 incluse dans le \u00ab\u00a0Livre des Confessions\u00a0\u00bb de l&rsquo;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u00c9glise presbyt\u00e9rienne (\u00c9tats-Unis)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89glise_presbyt%C3%A9rienne_(%C3%89tats-Unis)\">\u00c9glise Presbyt\u00e9rienne Unie des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>. Elle fait par ailleurs toujours partie du corpus de la loi \u00e9cossaise<sup id=\"cite_ref-gov_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confession_de_foi_%C3%A9cossaise#cite_note-gov-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Notes_et_r\u00e9f\u00e9rences\"><span id=\"Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences\"><\/span>Notes et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"references-small decimal\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"reference-text\">Ainsi d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e car elle reste subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 la\u00a0<a title=\"Bible\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible\">Bible<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><span id=\"Gonz\u00e1lez1984\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Justo_Gonz\u00e1lez1984\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0Justo\u00a0<span class=\"nom_auteur\">Gonz\u00e1lez<\/span>,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\" lang=\"en\">The Story of Christianity<\/cite>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.<\/abbr>\u00a02, Prince Press, Peabody,\u00a0<time>1984<\/time>, 843\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<small>(<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Sp\u00e9cial:Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\/978-1-56563-522-7\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/978-1-56563-522-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-1-56563-522-7<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=mN5UPgAACAAJ\" rel=\"nofollow\">lire en ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmN5UPgAACAAJ\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a083<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-gov-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><span id=\"1560\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/aosp\/1560\/1\" rel=\"nofollow\"><cite lang=\"en\">the Confession of Faith Ratification Act 1560<\/cite><\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Faosp%2F1560%2F1\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>\u00a0\u00bb, sur\u00a0<span class=\"italique\">legislation.gov.uk<\/span>,\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1560-09-06\" data-sort-value=\"1560-09-06\">27 ao\u00fbt 1560<\/time>\u00a0<small>(consult\u00e9 le\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-11-10\" data-sort-value=\"2017-11-10\">10 novembre 2017<\/time>)<\/small><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.creeds.net\/Scots\/scots.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">Texte en ligne de la confession \u00e9cossaise, consult\u00e9 le 9 novembre 2017<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creeds.net%2FScots%2Fscots.htm\">archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"reference-text\">Les noms des 5 autres\u00a0<i>John<\/i>\u00a0sont\u00a0: John Winram, John Spottiswoode, John Willock, John Douglas et John Row.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><span id=\"Gray1939\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"John_Gray1939\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0John Gray, \u00ab\u00a0<cite lang=\"en\">The Political Theory of John Knox<\/cite>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<i><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Church History<\/span><\/i>, Cambridge University Press,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.<\/abbr>\u00a08,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"num\u00e9ro\">n<sup>o<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a02,\u200e\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1939-06\" data-sort-value=\"1939-06\">juin 1939<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">132\u2013147<\/span>\u00a0<small>(<a title=\"International Standard Serial Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Serial_Number\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.issn.org\/resource\/issn\/0009-6407\" rel=\"nofollow\">0009-6407<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<a title=\"Digital Object Identifier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Object_Identifier\">DOI<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2307\/3160651\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.2307\/3160651<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<a title=\"JSTOR\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/jstor.org\/stable\/3160651\" rel=\"nofollow\">3160651<\/a><\/span>)<\/small><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><span id=\"Cochrane2003\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Arthur_Cochrane2003\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0Arthur\u00a0<span class=\"nom_auteur\">Cochrane<\/span>,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\" lang=\"en\">Reformed Confessions of the Sixteenth Century<\/cite>, Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville,\u00a0<time>2003<\/time>, 336\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<small>(<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Sp\u00e9cial:Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\/978-0-664-22694-7\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/978-0-664-22694-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-0-664-22694-7<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=8PdOggp1rN4C\" rel=\"nofollow\">lire en ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8PdOggp1rN4C\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0160<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Confession de Foi &nbsp; La\u00a0confession \u00e9cossaise\u00a0(aussi appel\u00e9e confession \u00e9cossaise de 1560) est une\u00a0confession de foi r\u00e9form\u00e9e\u00a0\u00e9crite en 1560 par six\u00a0r\u00e9formateurs protestants\u00a0\u00e9cossais, dont le principal d&rsquo;entre eux,\u00a0John Knox, et adopt\u00e9e par le\u00a0Parlement d&rsquo;\u00c9cosse\u00a0le\u00a027 ao\u00fbt 1560, sous le r\u00e8gne de\u00a0Marie Stuart. Avec le\u00a0Code de discipline\u00a0et le\u00a0Book of Common Order\u00a0(\u00e9quivalent presbyt\u00e9rien du\u00a0Book of Common Prayer\u00a0anglican), ce texte fait [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20287,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20283","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Confession de Foi - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/confession-de-foi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Confession de Foi - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Confession de Foi &nbsp; La\u00a0confession \u00e9cossaise\u00a0(aussi appel\u00e9e confession \u00e9cossaise de 1560) est une\u00a0confession de foi r\u00e9form\u00e9e\u00a0\u00e9crite en 1560 par six\u00a0r\u00e9formateurs protestants\u00a0\u00e9cossais, dont le principal d&rsquo;entre eux,\u00a0John Knox, et adopt\u00e9e par le\u00a0Parlement d&rsquo;\u00c9cosse\u00a0le\u00a027 ao\u00fbt 1560, sous le r\u00e8gne de\u00a0Marie Stuart. 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