{"id":17285,"date":"2025-07-12T10:02:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-12T08:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/?page_id=17285"},"modified":"2025-07-12T17:00:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T15:00:54","slug":"le-realisme","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/le-realisme\/","title":{"rendered":"Le R\u00e9alisme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>Image mise en avant :<\/strong> Membres des Ambulants en 1886. Assis, de gauche \u00e0 droite : Sergue\u00ef Ammossov, Aleksandre Kisseliov, Nikola\u00ef Nevrev, Vladimir Makovski, Aleksandre Litovtchenko, Illarion Prianichnikov, Kirill Lemokh, Ivan Kramsko\u00ef, Ilia R\u00e9pine, Ivanov, employ\u00e9 des Ambulants, Nikola\u00ef Makovski. Debout, de gauche \u00e0 droite: Grigori Miasso\u00efedov, Constantin Savitski, Vassili Polenov, Efim Volkov, Vassili Sourikov, Ivan Chichkine, Nikola\u00ef Iarochenko, Pavel Brioullov, Alexandre Beggrov (ru).<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"Le_r\u00e9alisme\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le r\u00e9alisme<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-halign-left\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aivazovsky,_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/Aivazovsky%2C_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg\/250px-Aivazovsky%2C_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/Aivazovsky%2C_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg\/330px-Aivazovsky%2C_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/Aivazovsky%2C_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg\/500px-Aivazovsky%2C_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg 2x\" width=\"180\" height=\"119\" data-file-width=\"5815\" data-file-height=\"3840\" \/><\/a><figcaption><i><a title=\"La Neuvi\u00e8me Vague\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Neuvi%C3%A8me_Vague\">La Neuvi\u00e8me Vague<\/a><\/i>\u00a0d&rsquo;<a title=\"Ivan A\u00efvazovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_A%C3%AFvazovski\">Ivan A\u00efvazovski<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\/250px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\/330px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\/500px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 2x\" width=\"180\" height=\"106\" data-file-width=\"4122\" data-file-height=\"2437\" \/><\/a><figcaption><i><a title=\"Les Cosaques zaporogues \u00e9crivant une lettre au sultan de Turquie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Cosaques_zaporogues_%C3%A9crivant_une_lettre_au_sultan_de_Turquie\">Les Cosaques zaporogues \u00e9crivant une lettre au sultan de Turquie<\/a><\/i>\u00a0d&rsquo;<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le\u00a0<a title=\"R\u00e9alisme (peinture)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9alisme_(peinture)\">r\u00e9alisme<\/a>\u00a0devient la peinture dominante au\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"19\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle. Les r\u00e9alistes capturent l\u2019identit\u00e9 des Russes en peignant aussi bien des paysages de larges rivi\u00e8res, de for\u00eats ou d\u2019\u00e9tendues de\u00a0<a title=\"Bouleau\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouleau\">bouleaux<\/a>\u00a0que des portraits robustes de leurs contemporains.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u2019autres artistes se focalisent sur la \u00ab\u00a0critique sociale\u00a0\u00bb, montrant la condition des pauvres et caricaturant les dirigeants. Le r\u00e9alisme critique fleurit sous le r\u00e8gne d\u2019<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alexandre II de Russie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandre_II_de_Russie\">Alexandre II<\/a>, avec quelques artistes qui font de la souffrance humaine leur th\u00e8me principal<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peinture_russe#cite_note-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u2019autres d\u00e9peignent les moments dramatiques de l\u2019histoire russe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les\u00a0<i><a title=\"Ambulants\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants\">Ambulants<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(ou\u00a0<i>Peredvijniki<\/i>) rompent avec l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie russe et fondent une \u00e9cole d\u2019art lib\u00e9r\u00e9 des restrictions acad\u00e9miques. Les artistes \u00e0 la t\u00eate du mouvement sont\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Chichkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Chichkine\">Ivan Chichkine<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Arkhip Kou\u00efndji\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arkhip_Kou%C3%AFndji\">Arkhip Kou\u00efndji<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Polenov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Polenov\">Vassili Polenov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Isaac Levitan\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Levitan\">Isaac Levitan<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Sourikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Sourikov\">Vassili Sourikov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Ambulants<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Espaces de noms\">\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\">\n<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n<form>\n<div class=\"cdx-radio\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div id=\"contentSub\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"fr\">\n<div class=\"infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"entete defaut\">\n<div>Ambulants<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"images\"><span class=\"mw-default-size\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Peredvizhniki_1888.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/Peredvizhniki_1888.jpg\/330px-Peredvizhniki_1888.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/Peredvizhniki_1888.jpg\/500px-Peredvizhniki_1888.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/Peredvizhniki_1888.jpg\/600px-Peredvizhniki_1888.jpg 2x\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" data-file-width=\"945\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<caption>Histoire<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"\">\n<th scope=\"row\">Fondation<\/th>\n<td class=\"\">\n<div><span class=\"wd_p571\"><time class=\"date-lien\" datetime=\"1863\" data-sort-value=\"1863\"><a title=\"1863\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1863\">1863<\/a><\/time><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"\">\n<th scope=\"row\">Dissolution<\/th>\n<td class=\"\">\n<div><span class=\"wd_p576\"><time class=\"date-lien\" datetime=\"1923\" data-sort-value=\"1923\"><a title=\"1923\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1923\">1923<\/a><\/time><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<caption>Cadre<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"\">\n<th scope=\"row\">Type<\/th>\n<td class=\"\">\n<div><span class=\"wd_p31\"><a title=\"Art\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art\">Groupe artistique<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable\"><span class=\"plainlinks\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ambulants&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=0\">modifier<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ambulants&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0\">modifier le code<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"d:Q109260\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q109260\">modifier Wikidata<\/a><\/span><a title=\"Documentation du mod\u00e8le\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Organisation2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/40px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Documentation du mod\u00e8le\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Peredvizhniki.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/Peredvizhniki.jpg\/500px-Peredvizhniki.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/Peredvizhniki.jpg\/960px-Peredvizhniki.jpg 1.5x\" width=\"400\" height=\"252\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"630\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Membres des Ambulants en 1886. Assis, de gauche \u00e0 droite\u00a0:\u00a0<a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Ammossov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Ammossov\">Sergue\u00ef Ammossov<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Aleksandre Kisseliov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleksandre_Kisseliov\">Aleksandre Kisseliov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Nevrev\">Nikola\u00ef Nevrev<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vladimir Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Makovski\">Vladimir Makovski<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Aleksandre Litovtchenko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleksandre_Litovtchenko\">Aleksandre Litovtchenko<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Illarion Prianichnikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illarion_Prianichnikov\">Illarion Prianichnikov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Kirill Lemokh\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kirill_Lemokh\">Kirill Lemokh<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>, Ivanov, employ\u00e9 des Ambulants,\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Makovski\">Nikola\u00ef Makovski<\/a>. Debout, de gauche \u00e0 droite:\u00a0<a title=\"Grigori Miasso\u00efedov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grigori_Miasso%C3%AFedov\">Grigori Miasso\u00efedov<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Constantin Savitski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constantin_Savitski\">Constantin Savitski<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Polenov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Polenov\">Vassili Polenov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Efim Volkov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Efim_Volkov\">Efim Volkov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Sourikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Sourikov\">Vassili Sourikov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Chichkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Chichkine\">Ivan Chichkine<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Iarochenko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Iarochenko\">Nikola\u00ef Iarochenko<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Pavel Brioullov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavel_Brioullov\">Pavel Brioullov<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"Alexandre Beggrov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alexandre_Beggrov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alexandre Beggrov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0435\u0433\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0435\u0433\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les\u00a0<b>Ambulants<\/b>\u00a0ou\u00a0<b>Itin\u00e9rants<\/b>\u00a0(en\u00a0<a title=\"Russe\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russe\">russe<\/a>\u00a0:\u00a0<span class=\"lang-ru\" lang=\"ru\">\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"lang-ru-latn\" lang=\"ru-latn\"><i>peredvijniki<\/i><\/span>) est le terme donn\u00e9 au mouvement\u00a0<a title=\"R\u00e9alisme (peinture)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9alisme_(peinture)\">r\u00e9aliste<\/a>\u00a0apparu en\u00a0<a title=\"Russie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russie\">Russie<\/a>\u00a0en\u00a0<a title=\"1863\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1863\">1863<\/a>\u00a0et qui exista jusqu&rsquo;aux\u00a0<a title=\"Ann\u00e9es 1890\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ann%C3%A9es_1890\">ann\u00e9es 1890<\/a>, en r\u00e9action contre l&rsquo;enseignement, les sujets et les m\u00e9thodes de l&rsquo;<a title=\"Acad\u00e9mie russe des beaux-arts\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acad%C3%A9mie_russe_des_beaux-arts\">Acad\u00e9mie russe des Beaux-Arts<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint-P%C3%A9tersbourg\">Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. C&rsquo;est le premier groupement de peintres r\u00e9alistes russes de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"19\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0et du d\u00e9but du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"20\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle. Il organisa encore des expositions jusqu&rsquo;en 1923.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Historique\">Historique<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est sous la forme de l&rsquo;<a title=\"Artel des artistes\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artel_des_artistes\">Artel des artistes<\/a>, fond\u00e9 par\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>, que d\u00e9buta ce mouvement en 1863. Un groupe de\u00a0<a title=\"R\u00e9volte des Quatorze\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9volte_des_Quatorze\">quatorze \u00e9tudiants<\/a>\u00a0quitte l&rsquo;<a title=\"Acad\u00e9mie russe des beaux-arts\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acad%C3%A9mie_russe_des_beaux-arts\">Acad\u00e9mie imp\u00e9riale des beaux-arts<\/a>, trouvant ses r\u00e8gles trop contraignantes, et les professeurs trop conservateurs. L&rsquo;artel deviendra la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des expositions artistiques ambulantes en 1870.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Artel_des_artistes\">Artel des artistes<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe\">Articles d\u00e9taill\u00e9s\u00a0:\u00a0<a title=\"Artel des artistes\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artel_des_artistes\">Artel des artistes<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"R\u00e9volte des Quatorze\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9volte_des_Quatorze\">R\u00e9volte des Quatorze<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1863-11-09\" data-sort-value=\"1863-11-09\">9 novembre 1863<\/time>, l&rsquo;<a title=\"Acad\u00e9mie russe des beaux-arts\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acad%C3%A9mie_russe_des_beaux-arts\">Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint-P%C3%A9tersbourg\">Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/a>\u00a0propose comme sujet de concours de fin d&rsquo;\u00e9tude\u00a0<i>Un banquet au\u00a0<a title=\"Valhalla\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valhalla\">Valhalla<\/a><\/i>. Un groupe de quatorze candidats, emmen\u00e9s par Kramsko\u00ef, n&rsquo;accepte pas ce th\u00e8me et refuse de concourir pour la m\u00e9daille d&rsquo;or et le voyage d&rsquo;\u00e9tude en Europe qui est offert au vainqueur. Comme c&rsquo;\u00e9tait par l&rsquo;Acad\u00e9mie que passaient toutes les commandes officielles, les jeunes \u00e9tudiants doivent constituer un\u00a0<a title=\"Artel\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artel\">artel<\/a>\u00a0pour subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins. Il est organis\u00e9 sur le mode des\u00a0<a title=\"Phalanst\u00e8re\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phalanst%C3%A8re\">phalanst\u00e8res<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Charles Fourier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Fourier\">Charles Fourier<\/a>. C&rsquo;est le roman\u00a0<i><a title=\"Que faire ? (Tchernychevski)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Que_faire_%3F_(Tchernychevski)\">Que faire\u00a0?<\/a><\/i>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Tchernychevski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Tchernychevski\">Tchernychevski<\/a>\u00a0qui avait mis ce genre d&rsquo;association \u00e0 la mode. Elles \u00e9taient constitu\u00e9es de jeunes, qui quittaient leur milieu, partageaient ce qu&rsquo;ils poss\u00e9daient et abolissaient entre eux les diff\u00e9rences sociales<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197125_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197125-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;artel, un des premiers du genre, accepte toutes les commandes\u00a0: ic\u00f4nes, peintures, illustrations de journaux. Chaque membre doit restituer \u00e0 une caisse commune 25\u00a0% sur les gains obtenus par des commandes pass\u00e9es par l&rsquo;artel et 10\u00a0% sur ses commandes personnelles. Cette participation permet de couvrir les frais tels que les loyers ou la publicit\u00e9. Le critique\u00a0<a title=\"Vladimir Stassov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Stassov\">Vladimir Stassov<\/a>\u00a0les encourage et restera toujours un compagnon de lutte. Il aspire, en effet, \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un mouvement artistique de caract\u00e8re national en opposition avec l&rsquo;acad\u00e9misme r\u00e9gnant. Le marchand moscovite\u00a0<a title=\"Pavel Tretiakov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavel_Tretiakov\">Pavel Tretiakov<\/a>, m\u00e9c\u00e8ne cultiv\u00e9, rassemble chez lui les meilleures toiles des jeunes de l&rsquo;artel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;existence de cet artel est difficile, mais elle dure six ann\u00e9es. Les commandes ne sont pas suffisantes. Seules celles pour les \u00e9glises sont bien pay\u00e9es, mais elles limitent les aspirations des artistes \u00e0 leurs sujets uniquement religieux<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197126_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197126-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Kramsko\u00ef est tout entier \u00e0 la cause de l&rsquo;artel, mais d&rsquo;un temp\u00e9rament aust\u00e8re et entier qui cr\u00e9e des malentendus et des discordes. L&rsquo;artel se dissout en 1870, \u00e0 cause de ce climat d&rsquo;incompr\u00e9hension entre ses membres.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9_des_expositions_artistiques_ambulantes\"><span id=\"Soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9_des_expositions_artistiques_ambulantes\"><\/span>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des expositions artistiques ambulantes<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des expositions artistiques ambulantes lui fait suite, \u00e0\u00a0<a title=\"Moscou\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscou\">Moscou<\/a>, apr\u00e8s cette dissolution. Mais elle n&rsquo;a plus le caract\u00e8re communautaire de l&rsquo;artel.\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Grigori Miasso\u00efedov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grigori_Miasso%C3%AFedov\">Grigori Miasso\u00efedov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Illarion Prianichnikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illarion_Prianichnikov\">Illarion Prianichnikov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vladimir Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Makovski\">Vladimir Makovski<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alexe\u00ef Savrassov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexe%C3%AF_Savrassov\">Alexe\u00ef Savrassov<\/a>\u00a0prennent cette initiative de sa cr\u00e9ation, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide financi\u00e8re de Tretiakov, en\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1870-11\" data-sort-value=\"1870-11\">novembre 1870<\/time>. Les peintres de l&rsquo;ancien artel de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg se joignent ensuite \u00e0 eux, dont\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>. On retrouve encore parmi eux\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Chichkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Chichkine\">Ivan Chichkine<\/a>, et un propagandiste des id\u00e9es religieuses de\u00a0<a title=\"L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9on_Tolsto%C3%AF\">L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>. Le but de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est double\u00a0: d\u00e9centraliser la vie artistique hors des deux capitales russes et, par ailleurs, propager l&rsquo;art dans tout l&rsquo;Empire gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son contenu humanitaire. Ils circulent dans toutes les grandes villes, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 le nom d&rsquo;<i>Ambulants<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1871-11-29\" data-sort-value=\"1871-11-29\">29 novembre 1871<\/time>, la premi\u00e8re exposition est organis\u00e9e \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. Elle obtient un succ\u00e8s qui assura leur popularit\u00e9. L&rsquo;association comptera en tout\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">109 membres<\/span>\u00a0actifs et\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">440 participants<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197128_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197128-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. De 1871 \u00e0 1923, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 organise\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">48 expositions<\/span>\u00a0\u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou, qui sont montr\u00e9es ensuite \u00e0\u00a0<a title=\"Kiev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiev\">Kiev<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kharkov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kharkov\">Kharkov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Kazan\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazan\">Kazan<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Orel\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orel\">Orel<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Riga\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riga\">Riga<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Odessa\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odessa\">Odessa<\/a>\u00a0et dans d&rsquo;autres villes<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ely_2000_253\u2013270_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Ely_2000_253%E2%80%93270-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les Ambulants veillent \u00e0 leur ind\u00e9pendance et ne re\u00e7oivent pas d&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ely_2000_253\u2013270_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Ely_2000_253%E2%80%93270-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Projet\">Projet<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0(1837-1887) qui est le v\u00e9ritable th\u00e9oricien du groupe. Sa conception de l&rsquo;art reprend des id\u00e9es de\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Tchernychevski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Tchernychevski\">Nikola\u00ef Tchernychevski<\/a>, qui lui-m\u00eame \u00e9tait influenc\u00e9 par\u00a0<a title=\"Ludwig Feuerbach\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_Feuerbach\">Ludwig Feuerbach<\/a>. Pour Tchernychevski, l&rsquo;art doit interpr\u00e9ter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, l&rsquo;expliquer. Son but est de contribuer au bonheur de l&rsquo;homme en lui r\u00e9v\u00e9lant le sens de sa vie. Dans cette vision utilitaire, le contenu de l&rsquo;\u0153uvre est plus important que sa forme. Sans aller jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 des conclusions extr\u00eames ou r\u00e9volutionnaires, comme celles, par exemple, d&rsquo;un\u00a0<a title=\"Varfolome\u00ef Za\u00eftsev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varfolome%C3%AF_Za%C3%AFtsev\">Varfolome\u00ef Za\u00eftsev<\/a>, \u00e9pigone du r\u00e9alisme populaire, les Ambulants pensent aussi que l&rsquo;art doit \u00eatre au service du peuple<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197129_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197129-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Rejet_de_l'id\u00e9alisme_esth\u00e9tique\"><span id=\"Rejet_de_l.27id.C3.A9alisme_esth.C3.A9tique\"><\/span>Rejet de l&rsquo;id\u00e9alisme esth\u00e9tique<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kramsko\u00ef pense qu&rsquo;il est indispensable de ne pas se laisser prendre par les artifices de la beaut\u00e9 pure et qu&rsquo;il faut mettre dans l&rsquo;art un sens id\u00e9ologique. L&rsquo;exemple grec lui fait consid\u00e9rer que d\u00e8s qu&rsquo;il cesse d&rsquo;\u00eatre guid\u00e9 par les id\u00e9aux de la religion, il d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8re et devient mani\u00e9r\u00e9, puis s&rsquo;\u00e9teint. C&rsquo;est aussi ce qui s&rsquo;est pass\u00e9, selon lui, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque de la Renaissance en Italie puis aux\u00a0<a title=\"Pays-Bas\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pays-Bas\">Pays-Bas<\/a>. Pour les Ambulants, l&rsquo;artiste ne doit pas cr\u00e9er des \u0153uvres vid\u00e9es de contenu social<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197130_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197130-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Rejet_de_la_routine_acad\u00e9mique\"><span id=\"Rejet_de_la_routine_acad.C3.A9mique\"><\/span>Rejet de la routine acad\u00e9mique<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La routine acad\u00e9mique est aussi sujet d&rsquo;indignation pour Kramsko\u00ef. Il n&rsquo;h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 invoquer\u00a0<a title=\"Pierre-Joseph Proudhon\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon\">Proudhon<\/a>\u00a0qui voulait la fermeture des acad\u00e9mies et l&rsquo;ouverture d&rsquo;\u00e9coles libres. Il faut d\u00e9truire l&rsquo;Acad\u00e9mie pour sauver l&rsquo;art. Il se r\u00e9f\u00e8re encore \u00e0 l&rsquo;art grec, dont il pense qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;\u00e9tait form\u00e9 spontan\u00e9ment. La remise en cause de l&rsquo;enseignement acad\u00e9mique offre, pour Kramsko\u00ef, la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9chapper au conformisme dans lequel l&rsquo;art se trouve au milieu du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"19\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197131_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197131-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Rejet_des_influences_\u00e9trang\u00e8res\"><span id=\"Rejet_des_influences_.C3.A9trang.C3.A8res\"><\/span>Rejet des influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;Acad\u00e9mie se plaisait \u00e0 la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition des mod\u00e8les n\u00e9s avec la Renaissance. Les Ambulants n&rsquo;ont pas la pr\u00e9tention de rejeter les id\u00e9aux du pass\u00e9, mais refusent de les reproduire, parce que chaque mouvement artistique est le propre d&rsquo;une \u00e9poque donn\u00e9e. Le critique\u00a0<a title=\"Vladimir Stassov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Stassov\">Stassov<\/a>\u00a0s&rsquo;incline devant l&rsquo;art de\u00a0<a title=\"Francisco de Goya\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_de_Goya\">Goya<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0s&rsquo;exalte pour celui de\u00a0<a title=\"Diego V\u00e9lasquez\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diego_V%C3%A9lasquez\">V\u00e9lasquez<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197131_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197131-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Mais au nom du r\u00e9alisme, les Ambulants restent imperm\u00e9ables aux diff\u00e9rents courants de la peinture occidentale h\u00e9ritiers de la Renaissance. Kramsko\u00ef, qui visite le Salon de Paris en 1876, \u00e9crit \u00e0 Tretiakov que l&rsquo;<a title=\"Impressionnisme\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impressionnisme\">impressionnisme<\/a>\u00a0est un mouvement int\u00e9ressant et que l&rsquo;avenir lui appartient, mais il critique malgr\u00e9 tout la\u00a0<span class=\"citation\">\u00ab\u00a0pu\u00e9rilit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/span>\u00a0de certains et le qualifie de\u00a0<span class=\"citation\">\u00ab\u00a0barbouillage\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197132_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197132-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"L'art_comme_apostolat\"><span id=\"L.27art_comme_apostolat\"><\/span>L&rsquo;art comme apostolat<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les peintres russes du groupe des Ambulants sont poss\u00e9d\u00e9s, tr\u00e8s souvent, d&rsquo;une ardeur missionnaire. Le peintre est un proph\u00e8te, son art est sacr\u00e9\u00a0: c&rsquo;est une attitude profond\u00e9ment russe. C&rsquo;est une attitude de don de soi \u00e0 l&rsquo;art qui caract\u00e9rise le climat tr\u00e8s particulier qui r\u00e9gnait parmi ces promoteurs<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197132_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197132-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Itin\u00e9rance_et_r\u00e9alisme_social\"><span id=\"Itin.C3.A9rance_et_r.C3.A9alisme_social\"><\/span>Itin\u00e9rance et r\u00e9alisme social<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les expositions itin\u00e9rantes dans les grandes villes russes avaient aussi un but p\u00e9dagogique, et la volont\u00e9 \u00e9tait de rendre l&rsquo;art plus accessible \u00e0 un vaste public. Ces expositions sont l&rsquo;occasion de sillonner la campagne pour y peindre le peuple, notamment des paysans russes. Les peintres ambulants pratiquaient essentiellement une peinture de genre \u00e0 caract\u00e8re social et historique\u00a0: le portrait, le paysage russe et peu de\u00a0<a title=\"Nature morte\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nature_morte\">natures mortes<\/a>. Les Ambulants s&rsquo;int\u00e9ress\u00e8rent \u00e0 la condition du peuple russe et mirent en \u00e9vidence les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s criantes \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque. Les plus radicaux d&rsquo;entre eux d\u00e9velopp\u00e8rent ensuite ce qui fut connu sous le nom de\u00a0<a title=\"R\u00e9alisme critique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9alisme_critique\">r\u00e9alisme critique<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avant eux, l&rsquo;art n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pour beaucoup qu&rsquo;une notion vague r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 la haute aristocratie. Le langage simple et accessible des ambulants le rendit plus accessible.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Cr\u00e9ation_d'une_peinture_nationale\"><span id=\"Cr.C3.A9ation_d.27une_peinture_nationale\"><\/span>Cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;une peinture nationale<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Peinture_religieuse\">Peinture religieuse<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La place donn\u00e9e \u00e0 des th\u00e8mes religieux par des artistes pour partie proches de r\u00e9volutionnaires peut surprendre. Mais le christianisme orthodoxe a marqu\u00e9 profond\u00e9ment l&rsquo;intelligentsia russe. Selon\u00a0<a title=\"Nicolas Berdiaev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Berdiaev\">Nicolas Berdiaev<\/a>, le Russe reste fid\u00e8le \u00e0 sa religion dans sa r\u00e9volte m\u00eame. Kramsko\u00ef, Gay, R\u00e9pine, chefs de file des Ambulants, exprimaient leur sensibilit\u00e9 religieuse<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197133_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197133-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Le Christ qu&rsquo;ils vont repr\u00e9senter n&rsquo;est plus un Christ en majest\u00e9, le\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Christ Pantocrator\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christ_Pantocrator\">Christ Pantocrator<\/a>\u00a0des ic\u00f4nes, mais un homme accabl\u00e9 de douleur, trahi, bafou\u00e9<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197133_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197133-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Alexandre Ivanov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandre_Ivanov\">Alexandre Ivanov<\/a>\u00a0(1806-1856) doit \u00eatre cit\u00e9 comme pr\u00e9curseur, avec son\u00a0<a title=\"L'Apparition du Christ au peuple\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Apparition_du_Christ_au_peuple\"><i>Apparition du Christ au peuple<\/i><\/a>, \u00e0 laquelle il travaille pendant\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">25 ans<\/span>\u00a0et qu&rsquo;il termine en 1857. Les\u00a0<i><a title=\"Sc\u00e8nes de l'Histoire sainte\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sc%C3%A8nes_de_l%27Histoire_sainte\">Sc\u00e8nes de l&rsquo;Histoire sainte<\/a><\/i>\u00a0r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans les ann\u00e9es 1850 repoussaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 formellement l&rsquo;acad\u00e9misme de l&rsquo;Acad\u00e9mie et revendiquaient l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance de l&rsquo;artiste<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197134_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197134-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Mais il meurt avant l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e en dissidence de 1863 qui marque le d\u00e9but des Ambulants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>\u00a0(1832-1894), apr\u00e8s ses voyages en Italie en 1857 et 1867, se retrouve isol\u00e9, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cart des probl\u00e8mes sociaux de son \u00e9poque, du fait de son sentiment du tragique et de son exaltation religieuse. Il choisit comme th\u00e8me principal de son \u0153uvre la vie du Christ, sa passion, sa condamnation<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197136_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197136-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Son premier tableau religieux,\u00a0<i>La C\u00e8ne<\/i>, en 1863, provoque une vive pol\u00e9mique.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Saltykov-Chtchedrine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saltykov-Chtchedrine\">Saltykov-Chtchedrine<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9on_Tolsto%C3%AF\">L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0sont enthousiasm\u00e9s et le citent comme mod\u00e8le. Le refus de divinisation du Christ par Gay permet, selon ces deux auteurs, de sentir profond\u00e9ment son humanit\u00e9. Tolsto\u00ef pr\u00e9tend m\u00eame que Gay a trouv\u00e9 la v\u00e9ritable clef du christianisme en humanisant\u00a0<a title=\"J\u00e9sus-Christ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A9sus-Christ\">J\u00e9sus-Christ<\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiodor_Dosto%C3%AFevski\">Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski<\/a>, par contre, devant une\u00a0<i>C\u00e8ne<\/i>\u00a0o\u00f9 Gay, devant ses personnages si ordinaires r\u00e9unis pour d\u00eener, se demande o\u00f9 sont pass\u00e9s les dix-huit si\u00e8cles de christianisme. Pour lui tout est faux chez Gay, il n&rsquo;y a pas de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 historique ni plus donc de r\u00e9alisme<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197137_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197137-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\">,<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apr\u00e8s\u00a0<i>La C\u00e8ne<\/i>, Gay subit un \u00e9chec total avec une\u00a0<i>R\u00e9surrection<\/i>. Il se tourne alors vers des sujets historiques et s&rsquo;installe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. Son tableau\u00a0<i><a title=\"Pierre le Grand interrogeant le tsar\u00e9vitch Alexis \u00e0 Peterhof\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_le_Grand_interrogeant_le_tsar%C3%A9vitch_Alexis_%C3%A0_Peterhof\">Pierre le Grand interrogeant le tsar\u00e9vitch Alexis \u00e0 Peterhof<\/a><\/i>\u00a0lui vaut un succ\u00e8s \u00e9clatant. C&rsquo;est un tableau historique, mais il s&rsquo;agit toutefois aussi, selon\u00a0<a title=\"Valentine Marcad\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentine_Marcad%C3%A9\">Valentine Marcad\u00e9<\/a>, d&rsquo;une r\u00e9plique de l&rsquo;<a title=\"\u00c9vangile\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89vangile\">\u00c9vangile<\/a>\u00a0: le Christ devant Ponce-Pilate<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197137_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197137-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apr\u00e8s plusieurs \u00e9checs, il se retire \u00e0 la campagne en 1873 et rompt avec les Ambulants. C&rsquo;est son amiti\u00e9 pour L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef qui le fait revenir \u00e0 la peinture dix ans plus tard. Tolsto\u00ef aimait voir ses propres id\u00e9es sur le christianisme prendre corps dans les \u0153uvres de Gay<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197137_14-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197137-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. En 1894, Gay ach\u00e8ve une\u00a0<i>Crucifixion<\/i>. Pour\u00a0<a title=\"Louis R\u00e9au\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_R%C3%A9au\">Louis R\u00e9au<\/a>, cette \u0153uvre traduit une influence n\u00e9faste de L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef sur le peintre conduisant ce dernier au m\u00e9pris de la beaut\u00e9 formelle, incompatible avec la beaut\u00e9 spirituelle. Dans la version de 1892, la pose du Crucifi\u00e9 qui a gliss\u00e9 et s&rsquo;est recroquevill\u00e9 est hallucinante et rappelle, selon\u00a0<a title=\"Louis R\u00e9au\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_R%C3%A9au\">Louis R\u00e9au<\/a>, celle du\u00a0<a title=\"Retable d'Issenheim\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Retable_d%27Issenheim\">Retable d&rsquo;Issenheim<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthias_Gr%C3%BCnewald\">Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-art_russep.153_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-art_russep.153-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour les partisans d&rsquo;une peinture r\u00e9aliste, l\u2019expressionnisme de Gay choque par son outrance et l&rsquo;exacerbation des sentiments. Pour L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef,\u00a0<span class=\"citation\">\u00ab\u00a0le grand public exige le Christ des ic\u00f4nes, qu&rsquo;on peut prier, et Gay leur offre un Christ sous l&rsquo;aspect d&rsquo;un homme r\u00e9el, ce qui entra\u00eene d\u00e9ception et insatisfaction\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197141_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197141-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\">,<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toute l&rsquo;\u0153uvre d&rsquo;<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0(1837-1887) est domin\u00e9e par la figure du\u00a0<a title=\"J\u00e9sus-Christ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A9sus-Christ\">Christ<\/a>. Le peintre le repr\u00e9sente dans son tableau\u00a0<i><a title=\"Le Christ dans le d\u00e9sert\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert\">Le Christ dans le d\u00e9sert<\/a><\/i>\u00a0dans un \u00e9tat de d\u00e9r\u00e9liction total, vou\u00e9 \u00e0 la solitude et \u00e0 la cruaut\u00e9 humaine<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197135_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197135-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>\u00a0(1844-1930) consid\u00e9rait la religion comme la force motrice de l&rsquo;art, parce que c&rsquo;est d&rsquo;elle que viennent les id\u00e9aux les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197135_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197135-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\">,<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Ses tableaux les plus connus ne sont cependant pas d&rsquo;inspiration religieuse, sinon la\u00a0<i><a title=\"Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Procession_religieuse_dans_la_province_de_Koursk\">Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk<\/a><\/i>, qui est plut\u00f4t \u00ab\u00a0une peinture d&rsquo;ensemble de la vie du peuple\u00a0\u00bb dans les ann\u00e9es 1880<sup id=\"cite_ref-\u0422\u042e_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-%D0%A2%D0%AE-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>\u00a0(1848-1926) est un peintre religieux \u00e0 la mode \u00e0 qui est confi\u00e9e la r\u00e9alisation des fresques de la\u00a0<a title=\"Cath\u00e9drale Saint-Vladimir de Kiev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Vladimir_de_Kiev\">cath\u00e9drale Saint-Vladimir de Kiev<\/a>. Son but \u00e9tait de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer l&rsquo;art sacr\u00e9 mais, note Valentine Marcad\u00e9, ses r\u00e9alisations sont bien inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 ses desseins. Pourtant, ses fresques de Kiev sont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9es en Russie et m\u00eame \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait un style byzantin humanis\u00e9. Ce n&rsquo;est que plus tard que l&rsquo;on s&rsquo;aper\u00e7ut que le compromis entre religion ancienne et nouvelle n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas une solution. Ses tableaux de l\u00e9gendes \u00e9meuvent davantage la sensibilit\u00e9 (comme celui\u00a0<i><a title=\"Les Bogatyrs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Bogatyrs\">Les Bogatyrs<\/a><\/i>)<sup id=\"cite_ref-art_russep.154_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-art_russep.154-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Mikha\u00efl Nesterov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Nesterov\">Mikha\u00efl Nesterov<\/a>\u00a0(1862-1942) b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d&rsquo;un grand engouement du public russe pour son \u0153uvre. Il parvient \u00e0 rendre les atmosph\u00e8res de la vie monastique. Son \u0153uvre est toutefois plus proche du sentimentalisme des l\u00e9gendes que du v\u00e9ritable mysticisme, note\u00a0<a title=\"Valentine Marcad\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentine_Marcad%C3%A9\">Valentine Marcad\u00e9<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197141_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197141-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Mais il reste que c&rsquo;est un paysagiste exquis. Nul n&rsquo;a mieux que lui, souligne pour sa part\u00a0<a title=\"Louis R\u00e9au\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_R%C3%A9au\">Louis R\u00e9au<\/a>, traduit l&rsquo;inqui\u00e9tude perp\u00e9tuelle de ses errants en p\u00e8lerinage, la po\u00e9sie des sites monastiques<sup id=\"cite_ref-art_russep.154_22-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-art_russep.154-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les Ambulants voulaient tous apporter un souffle nouveau \u00e0 l&rsquo;art sacr\u00e9. Selon Valentine Marcad\u00e9, leur interpr\u00e9tation manquait de grandeur, d&rsquo;envergure et de capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 rendre la beaut\u00e9 mystique<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197133_11-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197133-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\">Religion<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay, La C\u00e8ne (1863)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ge_001.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Ge_001.jpg\/250px-Ge_001.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Ge_001.jpg\/330px-Ge_001.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Ge_001.jpg\/500px-Ge_001.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay, La C\u00e8ne (1863)\" width=\"170\" height=\"118\" data-file-width=\"1211\" data-file-height=\"838\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>,\u00a0<i>La C\u00e8ne<\/i>\u00a0(1863)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk (1880\u201383)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk,_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/250px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/330px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/500px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk (1880\u201383)\" width=\"170\" height=\"105\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"1265\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Procession_religieuse_dans_la_province_de_Koursk\">Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(1880\u201383)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay, Quod Est Veritas ? O\u00f9 est la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ?, Le Christ et Pilate (1890)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:What_is_truth.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/What_is_truth.jpg\/250px-What_is_truth.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/What_is_truth.jpg\/330px-What_is_truth.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay, Quod Est Veritas ? O\u00f9 est la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ?, Le Christ et Pilate (1890)\" width=\"125\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"1513\" data-file-height=\"2048\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Quod Est Veritas\u00a0? O\u00f9 est la v\u00e9rit\u00e9\u00a0?, Le Christ et Pilate<\/i>\u00a0(1890)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ivan Kramskoi, Le Christ dans le d\u00e9sert (1890)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg\/250px-Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg\/330px-Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg\/500px-Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ivan Kramskoi, Le Christ dans le d\u00e9sert (1890)\" width=\"170\" height=\"150\" data-file-width=\"1134\" data-file-height=\"1001\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ivan Kramskoi\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramskoi\">Ivan Kramskoi<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Le Christ dans le d\u00e9sert\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert\">Le Christ dans le d\u00e9sert<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(1890)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov, fresque de la cath\u00e9drale Saint-Vladimir de Kiev (1890)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vasnetsov_Bapt_Vladimir.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8b\/Vasnetsov_Bapt_Vladimir.jpg\/250px-Vasnetsov_Bapt_Vladimir.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8b\/Vasnetsov_Bapt_Vladimir.jpg\/330px-Vasnetsov_Bapt_Vladimir.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Viktor Vasnetsov, fresque de la cath\u00e9drale Saint-Vladimir de Kiev (1890)\" width=\"137\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"945\" data-file-height=\"1170\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>, fresque de la\u00a0<a title=\"Cath\u00e9drale Saint-Vladimir de Kiev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Vladimir_de_Kiev\">cath\u00e9drale Saint-Vladimir de Kiev<\/a>\u00a0(1890)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay, Crucifixion (1892)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nikolay_Ge_041.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/36\/Nikolay_Ge_041.jpg\/250px-Nikolay_Ge_041.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/36\/Nikolay_Ge_041.jpg\/330px-Nikolay_Ge_041.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay, Crucifixion (1892)\" width=\"137\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"603\" data-file-height=\"748\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Crucifixion<\/i>\u00a0(1892)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Nesterov, Le Tsarevitch Dmitri (1899)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:1899._Tzarevich_Dmitry_by_M._Nesterov.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/53\/1899._Tzarevich_Dmitry_by_M._Nesterov.jpg\/250px-1899._Tzarevich_Dmitry_by_M._Nesterov.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/53\/1899._Tzarevich_Dmitry_by_M._Nesterov.jpg\/330px-1899._Tzarevich_Dmitry_by_M._Nesterov.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Mikha\u00efl Nesterov, Le Tsarevitch Dmitri (1899)\" width=\"147\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"904\" data-file-height=\"1047\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Mikha\u00efl Nesterov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Nesterov\">Mikha\u00efl Nesterov<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Le Tsarevitch Dmitri<\/i>\u00a0(1899)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Peinture_r\u00e9aliste_sociale\"><span id=\"Peinture_r.C3.A9aliste_sociale\"><\/span>Peinture r\u00e9aliste sociale<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour le philosophe et r\u00e9volutionnaire\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Tchernychevski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Tchernychevski\">Nikola\u00ef Tchernychevski<\/a>, la plus grande beaut\u00e9 est celle que l&rsquo;homme rencontre dans la vie et non la beaut\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e par l&rsquo;art. Le r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;art est de copier fid\u00e8lement la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, y compris ses in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et ses travers sociaux. La crudit\u00e9 souvent r\u00e9voltante de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre montr\u00e9e au peuple pour lui en donner le d\u00e9go\u00fbt. Le grand artiste pour les Ambulants n&rsquo;est pas celui qui peint le mieux mais celui qui, le plus \u00e9loquemment, d\u00e9nonce les abus, la corruption des riches, l&rsquo;ivrognerie des popes et des paysans<sup id=\"cite_ref-art_russep.143_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-art_russep.143-23\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales sont ainsi un th\u00e8me que les ambulants aiment \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper.\u00a0<a title=\"Grigori Miasso\u00efedov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grigori_Miasso%C3%AFedov\">Grigori Miasso\u00efedov<\/a>\u00a0dans\u00a0<i>Le Zemstvo d\u00e9jeune<\/i>\u00a0surprend une sc\u00e8ne de rue pendant l&rsquo;interruption de s\u00e9ance de ce\u00a0<a title=\"Zemstvo\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zemstvo\">conseil<\/a>\u00a0provincial. Les membres de l&rsquo;assembl\u00e9e mangent et boivent \u00e0 sati\u00e9t\u00e9 pendant que les paysans sont dans la rue, assis par terre, dans la poussi\u00e8re, \u00e0 grignoter quelques cro\u00fbtes<sup id=\"cite_ref-art_russep.162_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-art_russep.162-24\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vassili Maximov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Maximov\">Vassili Maximov<\/a>\u00a0passe son enfance dans la Russie rurale, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par exemple dans\u00a0<i>Tout est dans le pass\u00e9<\/i>.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Konstantin Savitsky\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantin_Savitsky\">Konstantin Savitsky<\/a>\u00a0prend comme h\u00e9ros, non pas des individus, mais des groupes d&rsquo;ouvriers \u00e0 la t\u00e2che comme dans son impressionnant chantier intitul\u00e9\u00a0:\u00a0<i><a title=\"Travaux de r\u00e9paration sur une ligne de chemin de fer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travaux_de_r%C3%A9paration_sur_une_ligne_de_chemin_de_fer\">Travaux de r\u00e9paration sur une ligne de chemin de fer<\/a><\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-LeekLeek72_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-LeekLeek72-25\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>25<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\">R\u00e9alisme social<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Grigori Miasso\u00efedov, Le zemstvo d\u00e9jeune (1872)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Grigorij_Grigorjewitsch_Mjassojedow_001.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Grigorij_Grigorjewitsch_Mjassojedow_001.jpg\/250px-Grigorij_Grigorjewitsch_Mjassojedow_001.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Grigorij_Grigorjewitsch_Mjassojedow_001.jpg\/330px-Grigorij_Grigorjewitsch_Mjassojedow_001.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Grigorij_Grigorjewitsch_Mjassojedow_001.jpg\/500px-Grigorij_Grigorjewitsch_Mjassojedow_001.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Grigori Miasso\u00efedov, Le zemstvo d\u00e9jeune (1872)\" width=\"170\" height=\"101\" data-file-width=\"3052\" data-file-height=\"1814\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Grigori Miasso\u00efedov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grigori_Miasso%C3%AFedov\">Grigori Miasso\u00efedov<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Le zemstvo d\u00e9jeune\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_zemstvo_d%C3%A9jeune\">Le zemstvo d\u00e9jeune<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(1872)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Konstantin Savitsky, Travaux de r\u00e9paration sur une ligne de chemin de fer (1874)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Konstantin_Apollonowitsch_Sawizkij_001.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Konstantin_Apollonowitsch_Sawizkij_001.jpg\/250px-Konstantin_Apollonowitsch_Sawizkij_001.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Konstantin_Apollonowitsch_Sawizkij_001.jpg\/330px-Konstantin_Apollonowitsch_Sawizkij_001.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Konstantin_Apollonowitsch_Sawizkij_001.jpg\/500px-Konstantin_Apollonowitsch_Sawizkij_001.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Konstantin Savitsky, Travaux de r\u00e9paration sur une ligne de chemin de fer (1874)\" width=\"170\" height=\"99\" data-file-width=\"1134\" data-file-height=\"663\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Konstantin Savitsky\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantin_Savitsky\">Konstantin Savitsky<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Travaux de r\u00e9paration sur une ligne de chemin de fer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travaux_de_r%C3%A9paration_sur_une_ligne_de_chemin_de_fer\">Travaux de r\u00e9paration sur une ligne de chemin de fer<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(1874)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Vladimir Makovski, La Banqueroute (1881)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vladimir_Makovsky_-_Bankruptcy.JPG?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/85\/Vladimir_Makovsky_-_Bankruptcy.JPG\/250px-Vladimir_Makovsky_-_Bankruptcy.JPG\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/85\/Vladimir_Makovsky_-_Bankruptcy.JPG\/330px-Vladimir_Makovsky_-_Bankruptcy.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/85\/Vladimir_Makovsky_-_Bankruptcy.JPG\/500px-Vladimir_Makovsky_-_Bankruptcy.JPG 2x\" alt=\"Vladimir Makovski, La Banqueroute (1881)\" width=\"170\" height=\"113\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"795\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Vladimir Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Makovski\">Vladimir Makovski<\/a>,\u00a0<i>La Banqueroute<\/i>\u00a0(1881)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Vassili Maximov, Tout est dans le pass\u00e9 (1889)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Maximov_Everything_In_the_Past.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/Maximov_Everything_In_the_Past.jpg\/250px-Maximov_Everything_In_the_Past.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/Maximov_Everything_In_the_Past.jpg\/330px-Maximov_Everything_In_the_Past.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/Maximov_Everything_In_the_Past.jpg\/500px-Maximov_Everything_In_the_Past.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Vassili Maximov, Tout est dans le pass\u00e9 (1889)\" width=\"170\" height=\"132\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"1588\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vassili Maximov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Maximov\">Vassili Maximov<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Tout est dans le pass\u00e9<\/i>\u00a0(1889)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Le_paysage\">Le paysage<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La nature occupe une place importante dans l&rsquo;art russe. Que ce soit en musique, en litt\u00e9rature ou en peinture, les artistes d\u00e9crivent avec volupt\u00e9 leur grande Russie. Ils diff\u00e8rent en cela des artistes d&rsquo;autres pays. C&rsquo;est\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alexe\u00ef Savrassov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexe%C3%AF_Savrassov\">Alexe\u00ef Savrassov<\/a>, avec son tableau\u00a0<i><a title=\"Les freux sont de retour\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_freux_sont_de_retour\">Les freux sont de retour<\/a><\/i>, qui occupe la place d&rsquo;honneur, selon de nombreux critiques d&rsquo;art, parmi lesquels\u00a0<a title=\"Valentine Marcad\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentine_Marcad%C3%A9\">Valentine Marcad\u00e9<\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Polenov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Polenov\">Vassili Polenov<\/a>\u00a0se distingue avec son paysage urbain de Moscou, une courette de maison couverte d&rsquo;herbe et parcourue par des poules\u00a0:\u00a0<i><a title=\"Cour \u00e0 Moscou\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cour_%C3%A0_Moscou\">Cour \u00e0 Moscou<\/a><\/i>.\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan A\u00efvazovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_A%C3%AFvazovski\">Ivan A\u00efvazovski<\/a>\u00a0a consacr\u00e9 pas moins de 6\u00a0000\u00a0tableaux \u00e0 la\u00a0<a title=\"Mer Noire\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mer_Noire\">Mer Noire<\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"Arkhip Kou\u00efndji\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arkhip_Kou%C3%AFndji\">Arkhip Kou\u00efndji<\/a>\u00a0s&rsquo;est vu attribuer un immense prestige gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa\u00a0<a title=\"Boulaie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boulaie\">boulaie<\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Chichkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Chichkine\">Chichkine<\/a>\u00a0peint principalement des for\u00eats et des arbres\u00a0: pins, ch\u00eanes, bouleaux, des sous bois et la foret profonde.\u00a0<a title=\"Isaac Levitan\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Levitan\">Levitan<\/a>\u00a0est proche de l&rsquo;\u00e9crivain\u00a0<a title=\"Anton Tchekhov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anton_Tchekhov\">Tchekhov<\/a>, son ami. Ses paysages sont tout de m\u00e9lancolie, de charme, de tendresse. Son nom incarne une conception de la peinture s\u00e9duisante et d\u00e9pourvue de tout effet ext\u00e9rieur<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197149_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197149-26\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\">Paysages<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Alexe\u00ef Savrassov, Les freux sont de retour, 1871\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RooksBackOfSavrasov.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/12\/RooksBackOfSavrasov.jpg\/250px-RooksBackOfSavrasov.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/12\/RooksBackOfSavrasov.jpg\/330px-RooksBackOfSavrasov.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Alexe\u00ef Savrassov, Les freux sont de retour, 1871\" width=\"130\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"1535\" data-file-height=\"2000\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alexe\u00ef Savrassov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexe%C3%AF_Savrassov\">Alexe\u00ef Savrassov<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Les freux sont de retour\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_freux_sont_de_retour\">Les freux sont de retour<\/a><\/i>, 1871<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ivan Chichkine, Champ de seigle, 1878\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/250px-Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/330px-Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/500px-Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ivan Chichkine, Champ de seigle, 1878\" width=\"170\" height=\"96\" data-file-width=\"4000\" data-file-height=\"2254\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ivan Chichkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Chichkine\">Ivan Chichkine<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Champ de seigle\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Champ_de_seigle\">Champ de seigle<\/a><\/i>, 1878<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Isaac Levitan, Paix \u00e9ternelle, 1894\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Levitan_nad_vech_pok28.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok28.jpg\/250px-Levitan_nad_vech_pok28.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok28.jpg\/330px-Levitan_nad_vech_pok28.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok28.jpg\/500px-Levitan_nad_vech_pok28.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Isaac Levitan, Paix \u00e9ternelle, 1894\" width=\"170\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"2000\" data-file-height=\"1434\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Isaac Levitan\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Levitan\">Isaac Levitan<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Paix \u00e9ternelle (Levitan)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paix_%C3%A9ternelle_(Levitan)\">Paix \u00e9ternelle<\/a><\/i>, 1894<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Appel du soir, Isaac Levitan\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Isaak_Ilitsch_Lewitan_005.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Isaak_Ilitsch_Lewitan_005.jpg\/250px-Isaak_Ilitsch_Lewitan_005.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Isaak_Ilitsch_Lewitan_005.jpg\/330px-Isaak_Ilitsch_Lewitan_005.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Isaak_Ilitsch_Lewitan_005.jpg\/500px-Isaak_Ilitsch_Lewitan_005.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Appel du soir, Isaac Levitan\" width=\"170\" height=\"136\" data-file-width=\"1702\" data-file-height=\"1363\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Appel du soir\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appel_du_soir\">Appel du soir<\/a><\/i>,\u00a0<a title=\"Isaac Levitan\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Levitan\">Isaac Levitan<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Arkhip Kou\u00efndji, Petit bois de bouleaux\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_005.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9c\/Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_005.jpg\/250px-Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_005.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9c\/Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_005.jpg\/330px-Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_005.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9c\/Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_005.jpg\/500px-Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_005.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Arkhip Kou\u00efndji, Petit bois de bouleaux\" width=\"170\" height=\"87\" data-file-width=\"1476\" data-file-height=\"758\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Arkhip Kou\u00efndji\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arkhip_Kou%C3%AFndji\">Arkhip Kou\u00efndji<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Petit bois de bouleaux\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petit_bois_de_bouleaux\">Petit bois de bouleaux<\/a><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Cour \u00e0 Moscou, Vassili Polenov 1878)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Moscow_Courtyard_(Polenov,_1878).jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Moscow_Courtyard_%28Polenov%2C_1878%29.jpg\/250px-Moscow_Courtyard_%28Polenov%2C_1878%29.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Moscow_Courtyard_%28Polenov%2C_1878%29.jpg\/330px-Moscow_Courtyard_%28Polenov%2C_1878%29.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Moscow_Courtyard_%28Polenov%2C_1878%29.jpg\/500px-Moscow_Courtyard_%28Polenov%2C_1878%29.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Cour \u00e0 Moscou, Vassili Polenov 1878)\" width=\"170\" height=\"140\" data-file-width=\"4999\" data-file-height=\"4122\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Cour \u00e0 Moscou\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cour_%C3%A0_Moscou\">Cour \u00e0 Moscou<\/a><\/i>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Polenov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Polenov\">Vassili Polenov<\/a>\u00a01878)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Silence, de Nikola\u00ef Doubovsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D._%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9).jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D._%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE_%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%29.jpg\/250px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D._%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE_%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%29.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D._%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE_%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%29.jpg\/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D._%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE_%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%29.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D._%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE_%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%29.jpg\/500px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D._%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE_%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%29.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Silence, de Nikola\u00ef Doubovsko\u00ef\" width=\"170\" height=\"102\" data-file-width=\"2331\" data-file-height=\"1400\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Silence (tableau de Doubovsko\u00ef)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silence_(tableau_de_Doubovsko%C3%AF)\">Silence<\/a><\/i>, de\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Doubovsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Doubovsko%C3%AF\">Nikola\u00ef Doubovsko\u00ef<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Portraits\">Portraits<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le portrait est pour l&rsquo;artiste le moyen le plus s\u00fbr de gagner de l&rsquo;argent. Les autres sujets sont plus difficiles \u00e0 vendre. Les membres de la famille imp\u00e9riale font aussi des commandes et les hauts dignitaires les imitent. Des collectionneurs, tels que les fr\u00e8res Tretiakov, se mettent en t\u00eate de faire r\u00e9aliser le portrait des gens c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque\u00a0: savants, artistes, \u00e9crivains.\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>\u00a0ou\u00a0<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>\u00a0les r\u00e9alisent. Les meilleures r\u00e9ussites sont parmi toutes ces \u0153uvres, celles de R\u00e9pine, selon la critique d&rsquo;art\u00a0<a title=\"Valentine Marcad\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentine_Marcad%C3%A9\">Valentine Marcad\u00e9<\/a>. Ses portraits sont souvent plus proches de la satire que du po\u00e8me. On pense \u00e0 celui de\u00a0<a title=\"Modeste Moussorgski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modeste_Moussorgski\">Modeste Moussorgski<\/a>\u00a0quelque temps avant sa mort. Mais ce n&rsquo;est pas toujours le cas, et certains portraits de ses filles, V\u00e9ra et Nadejda, ou de son \u00e9pouse, sont baign\u00e9s de lumi\u00e8re avec un sens aigu de la po\u00e9sie<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197150_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197150-27\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>27<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\">Portraits<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Modeste Moussorgski\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Modest_M%C3%BAsorgski,_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Modest_M%C3%BAsorgski%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/250px-Modest_M%C3%BAsorgski%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Modest_M%C3%BAsorgski%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/330px-Modest_M%C3%BAsorgski%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Modeste Moussorgski\" width=\"139\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"1670\" data-file-height=\"2048\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Modeste Moussorgski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modeste_Moussorgski\">Modeste Moussorgski<\/a><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Vassili Perov, Portrait de Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski, 1872\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/250px-Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\/330px-Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Vassili Perov, Portrait de Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski, 1872\" width=\"136\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"3200\" data-file-height=\"4000\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Portrait de\u00a0<a title=\"Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiodor_Dosto%C3%AFevski\">Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski<\/a><\/i>, 1872<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Portrait de l'\u00e9pouse du peintre, Vera Repina\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg\/250px-%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg\/330px-%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Portrait de l'\u00e9pouse du peintre, Vera Repina\" width=\"138\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"3241\" data-file-height=\"4000\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Portrait de l&rsquo;\u00e9pouse du peintre, Vera Repina<\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef, L'Inconnue, 1883\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg\/250px-Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg\/330px-Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg\/500px-Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef, L'Inconnue, 1883\" width=\"170\" height=\"128\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"1543\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"L'Inconnue (Kramsko\u00ef)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Inconnue_(Kramsko%C3%AF)\">L&rsquo;Inconnue<\/a><\/i>, 1883<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Valentin Serov, La Jeune Fille aux p\u00eaches, 1887\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Serov_devochka_s_persikami.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/06\/Serov_devochka_s_persikami.jpg\/250px-Serov_devochka_s_persikami.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/06\/Serov_devochka_s_persikami.jpg\/330px-Serov_devochka_s_persikami.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Valentin Serov, La Jeune Fille aux p\u00eaches, 1887\" width=\"151\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"1817\" data-file-height=\"2048\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Valentin Serov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentin_Serov\">Valentin Serov<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"La Jeune Fille aux p\u00eaches\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Jeune_Fille_aux_p%C3%AAches\">La Jeune Fille aux p\u00eaches<\/a><\/i>, 1887<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Peinture_historique\">Peinture historique<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le plus dou\u00e9 des Ambulants fut sans aucun doute\u00a0<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>, mais\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Sourikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Sourikov\">Vassili Sourikov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Nevrev\">Nikola\u00ef Nevrev<\/a>\u00a0et plus tardivement\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Verechtchaguine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Verechtchaguine\">Vassili Verechtchaguine<\/a>\u00a0se sont \u00e9galement tourn\u00e9s vers des sujets propres \u00e0 exalter la grandeur de la Russie \u00e0 travers son histoire<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197143_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197143-28\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>28<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\">Histoire<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ivan le Terrible tue son fils, Ilia R\u00e9pine 1883-1885 (Galerie Tretiakov)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Iv%C3%A1n_el_Terrible_y_su_hijo,_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/33\/Iv%C3%A1n_el_Terrible_y_su_hijo%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/250px-Iv%C3%A1n_el_Terrible_y_su_hijo%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/33\/Iv%C3%A1n_el_Terrible_y_su_hijo%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/330px-Iv%C3%A1n_el_Terrible_y_su_hijo%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/33\/Iv%C3%A1n_el_Terrible_y_su_hijo%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg\/500px-Iv%C3%A1n_el_Terrible_y_su_hijo%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ivan le Terrible tue son fils, Ilia R\u00e9pine 1883-1885 (Galerie Tretiakov)\" width=\"170\" height=\"134\" data-file-width=\"2023\" data-file-height=\"1589\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Ivan le Terrible tue son fils\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_le_Terrible_tue_son_fils\">Ivan le Terrible tue son fils<\/a><\/i>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>\u00a01883-1885 (<a title=\"Galerie Tretiakov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galerie_Tretiakov\">Galerie Tretiakov<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Les Cosaques zaporogues \u00e9crivant une lettre au sultan de Turquie, 1891 (Mus\u00e9e Russe)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\/250px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\/330px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg\/500px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Les Cosaques zaporogues \u00e9crivant une lettre au sultan de Turquie, 1891 (Mus\u00e9e Russe)\" width=\"170\" height=\"101\" data-file-width=\"4122\" data-file-height=\"2437\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Les Cosaques zaporogues \u00e9crivant une lettre au sultan de Turquie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Cosaques_zaporogues_%C3%A9crivant_une_lettre_au_sultan_de_Turquie\">Les Cosaques zaporogues \u00e9crivant une lettre au sultan de Turquie<\/a><\/i>, 1891 (<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mus\u00e9e Russe\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mus%C3%A9e_Russe\">Mus\u00e9e Russe<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Vassili Sourikov, Le Matin de l'ex\u00e9cution des Streltsy, 1881\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Surikov_streltsi.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Surikov_streltsi.jpg\/250px-Surikov_streltsi.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Surikov_streltsi.jpg\/330px-Surikov_streltsi.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Surikov_streltsi.jpg\/500px-Surikov_streltsi.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Vassili Sourikov, Le Matin de l'ex\u00e9cution des Streltsy, 1881\" width=\"170\" height=\"98\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"1180\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Vassili Sourikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Sourikov\">Vassili Sourikov<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Le Matin de l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution des\u00a0<a title=\"Streltsy\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Streltsy\">Streltsy<\/a><\/i>, 1881<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Pierre le Grand interrogeant le tsar\u00e9vitch Alexis \u00e0 Peterhof Nikola\u00ef Gay (Galerie Tretiakov) 1871\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Peter_the_Great_Interrogating_the_Tsarevich_Alexei_Petrovich.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/50\/Peter_the_Great_Interrogating_the_Tsarevich_Alexei_Petrovich.jpg\/250px-Peter_the_Great_Interrogating_the_Tsarevich_Alexei_Petrovich.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/50\/Peter_the_Great_Interrogating_the_Tsarevich_Alexei_Petrovich.jpg\/330px-Peter_the_Great_Interrogating_the_Tsarevich_Alexei_Petrovich.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/50\/Peter_the_Great_Interrogating_the_Tsarevich_Alexei_Petrovich.jpg\/500px-Peter_the_Great_Interrogating_the_Tsarevich_Alexei_Petrovich.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Pierre le Grand interrogeant le tsar\u00e9vitch Alexis \u00e0 Peterhof Nikola\u00ef Gay (Galerie Tretiakov) 1871\" width=\"170\" height=\"132\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"1588\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Pierre le Grand interrogeant le tsar\u00e9vitch Alexis \u00e0 Peterhof\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_le_Grand_interrogeant_le_tsar%C3%A9vitch_Alexis_%C3%A0_Peterhof\">Pierre le Grand interrogeant le tsar\u00e9vitch Alexis \u00e0 Peterhof<\/a><\/i>\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>\u00a0(<a title=\"Galerie Tretiakov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galerie_Tretiakov\">Galerie Tretiakov<\/a>) 1871<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Apoth\u00e9ose de la guerre, Vassili Verechtchaguine, 1871, Galerie Tretiakov\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Apotheosis.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/18\/Apotheosis.jpg\/250px-Apotheosis.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/18\/Apotheosis.jpg\/330px-Apotheosis.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/18\/Apotheosis.jpg\/500px-Apotheosis.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Apoth\u00e9ose de la guerre, Vassili Verechtchaguine, 1871, Galerie Tretiakov\" width=\"170\" height=\"108\" data-file-width=\"1506\" data-file-height=\"958\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Apoth\u00e9ose de la guerre\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apoth%C3%A9ose_de_la_guerre\">Apoth\u00e9ose de la guerre<\/a><\/i>,\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Verechtchaguine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Verechtchaguine\">Vassili Verechtchaguine<\/a>, 1871,\u00a0<a title=\"Galerie Tretiakov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galerie_Tretiakov\">Galerie Tretiakov<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Peinture_de_genre\">Peinture de genre<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Durant la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"19\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, deux courants se partagent la description de la vie russe dans des peintures de genre. L&rsquo;un est repr\u00e9sente par\u00a0<a title=\"Alexe\u00ef Venetsianov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexe%C3%AF_Venetsianov\">Alexe\u00ef Venetsianov<\/a>\u00a0et son\u00a0<a title=\"\u00c9cole Venetsianov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89cole_Venetsianov\">\u00e9cole<\/a>\u00a0avec notamment ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves\u00a0<a title=\"Nikifore Krylov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikifore_Krylov\">Nikifore Krylov<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"Alexe\u00ef Tyranov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexe%C3%AF_Tyranov\">Alexe\u00ef Tyranov<\/a>. L&rsquo;autre est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par\u00a0<a title=\"Pavel Fedotov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavel_Fedotov\">Pavel Fedotov<\/a>\u00a0et jettera les bases du r\u00e9alisme critique en s&rsquo;attaquant \u00e0 des th\u00e8mes moraux et sociaux. Les Ambulants vont s&rsquo;inscrire dans cette seconde ligne, en tentant de dresser un tableau fid\u00e8le de l&rsquo;existence quotidienne du peuple russe durant la seconde moiti\u00e9 du si\u00e8cle<sup id=\"cite_ref-LeekLeek69_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-LeekLeek69-29\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le r\u00e9alisme utilitaire des Ambulants devait aboutir \u00e0 la peinture de genre parce que c&rsquo;\u00e9tait la seule peinture qui \u00e9tait susceptible d&rsquo;int\u00e9resser le peuple, puis d&rsquo;agir sur lui. Au sein des Ambulants on peut distinguer deux cat\u00e9gories\u00a0: les\u00a0<i>amuseurs<\/i>, conteurs d&rsquo;anecdotes humoristiques ou sentimentales d&rsquo;une part et de l&rsquo;autre les\u00a0<i>justiciers<\/i>\u00a0qui fl\u00e9trissent les vices de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 russe et \u00e9clairent l&rsquo;opinion pour que les r\u00e9formes suivent.\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>\u00a0fait partie du second groupe et inaugure le motif de la mis\u00e8re populaire. Il consacre aussi une partie de ses travaux \u00e0 la p\u00e9nible question du\u00a0<a title=\"Travail des enfants\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travail_des_enfants\">travail des enfants<\/a>. En 1863 il s\u00e9journe \u00e0\u00a0<a title=\"Paris\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\">Paris<\/a>\u00a0et y connut certainement\u00a0<a title=\"Gustave Courbet\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustave_Courbet\">Gustave Courbet<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"Ernest Meissonier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernest_Meissonier\">Ernest Meissonier<\/a>. C&rsquo;est sous leur influence qu&rsquo;il peint des sc\u00e8nes de rue avec des mendiants, des musiciens de rue, des badauds, des chiffonniers parisiens. Il demande rapidement son retour en Russie parce qu&rsquo;il ne s&rsquo;adapte pas dans ce milieu \u00e9tranger. Il peut appara\u00eetre comme un continuateur de\u00a0<a title=\"Pavel Fedotov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavel_Fedotov\">Pavel Fedotov<\/a>\u00a0estime\u00a0<a title=\"Louis R\u00e9au\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_R%C3%A9au\">Louis R\u00e9au<\/a>\u00a0mais il a un temp\u00e9rament plus combatif. Il y a dans son \u0153uvre une veine anticl\u00e9ricale qui est nouvelle en Russie et ses popes ivres font penser aux\u00a0<i>Cur\u00e9s en goguette<\/i>\u00a0de Courbet<sup id=\"cite_ref-art_russep.161_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-art_russep.161-30\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Alexandre Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandre_Makovski\">Alexandre Makovski<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Constantin Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constantin_Makovski\">Constantin Makovski<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"Vladimir Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Makovski\">Vladimir Makovski<\/a>\u00a0sont tous trois membres de la m\u00eame famille et font partie du groupe des Ambulants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>, avec son\u00a0<i><a title=\"Visiteur inattendu\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visiteur_inattendu\">Visiteur inattendu<\/a><\/i>\u00a0\u00e9voque de mani\u00e8re \u00e9mouvante, le retour du d\u00e9port\u00e9 et mis\u00e9rable rentrant comme un Enfant prodigue apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es de\u00a0<a title=\"Sib\u00e9rie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sib%C3%A9rie\">Sib\u00e9rie<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Nevrev\">Nikola\u00ef Nevrev<\/a>, qui a intitul\u00e9 son tableau\u00a0<i>March\u00e9, sc\u00e8nes de m\u0153urs paysannes<\/i>, peint en 1866 la sc\u00e8ne de vente d&rsquo;une belle serve par son propri\u00e9taire \u00e0 un nouveau ma\u00eetre. Ce dernier vend comme s&rsquo;il \u00e9tait maquignon occup\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser son b\u00e9tail, sans \u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e2me, dans une indiff\u00e9rence parfaite<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197147_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197147-31\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\">Peinture de genre<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Visiteur inattendu\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ilya_Repin_Unexpected_visitors.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Ilya_Repin_Unexpected_visitors.jpg\/250px-Ilya_Repin_Unexpected_visitors.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Ilya_Repin_Unexpected_visitors.jpg\/330px-Ilya_Repin_Unexpected_visitors.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Ilya_Repin_Unexpected_visitors.jpg\/500px-Ilya_Repin_Unexpected_visitors.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine, Visiteur inattendu\" width=\"170\" height=\"163\" data-file-width=\"2740\" data-file-height=\"2630\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Visiteur inattendu\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visiteur_inattendu\">Visiteur inattendu<\/a><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Vassili Perov, Les Chasseurs \u00e0 la halte, 1871\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_004.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_004.jpg\/250px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_004.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_004.jpg\/330px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_004.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_004.jpg\/500px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_004.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Vassili Perov, Les Chasseurs \u00e0 la halte, 1871\" width=\"170\" height=\"111\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"1333\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Les Chasseurs \u00e0 la halte<\/i>, 1871<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Vassili Poukirev, L'Union mal assortie\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pukirev_ner_brak.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a5\/Pukirev_ner_brak.jpg\/250px-Pukirev_ner_brak.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a5\/Pukirev_ner_brak.jpg\/330px-Pukirev_ner_brak.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Vassili Poukirev, L'Union mal assortie\" width=\"134\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"3146\" data-file-height=\"4000\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Vassili Poukirev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Poukirev\">Vassili Poukirev<\/a>, L&rsquo;<i><a title=\"Union mal assortie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_mal_assortie\">Union mal assortie<\/a><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Bogdanov-Belski, Calcul mental \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole populaire\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:BogdanovBelsky_UstnySchet.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a7\/BogdanovBelsky_UstnySchet.jpg\/250px-BogdanovBelsky_UstnySchet.jpg\" alt=\"Nikola\u00ef Bogdanov-Belski, Calcul mental \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole populaire\" width=\"125\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"1507\" data-file-height=\"2048\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Bogdanov-Belski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Bogdanov-Belski\">Nikola\u00ef Bogdanov-Belski<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Calcul mental \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole populaire\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calcul_mental_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9cole_populaire\">Calcul mental \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole populaire<\/a><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Constantin Savitski, \u00c0 la Guerre\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Savitsky_na_voinu.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Savitsky_na_voinu.jpg\/250px-Savitsky_na_voinu.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Savitsky_na_voinu.jpg\/330px-Savitsky_na_voinu.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Savitsky_na_voinu.jpg\/500px-Savitsky_na_voinu.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Constantin Savitski, \u00c0 la Guerre\" width=\"170\" height=\"86\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"605\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Constantin Savitski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constantin_Savitski\">Constantin Savitski<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"\u00c0 la Guerre\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%80_la_Guerre\">\u00c0 la Guerre<\/a><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev, Vente d'une serve, 1866, Galerie Tretiakov.\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:NEVREV_Torg.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/NEVREV_Torg.jpg\/250px-NEVREV_Torg.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/NEVREV_Torg.jpg\/330px-NEVREV_Torg.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/NEVREV_Torg.jpg\/500px-NEVREV_Torg.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev, Vente d'une serve, 1866, Galerie Tretiakov.\" width=\"170\" height=\"135\" data-file-width=\"1757\" data-file-height=\"1400\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Nevrev\">Nikola\u00ef Nevrev<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Vente d'une serve\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vente_d%27une_serve\">Vente d&rsquo;une serve<\/a><\/i>, 1866,\u00a0<a title=\"Galerie Tretiakov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galerie_Tretiakov\">Galerie Tretiakov<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Sujets_l\u00e9gendaires\"><span id=\"Sujets_l.C3.A9gendaires\"><\/span>Sujets l\u00e9gendaires<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est gr\u00e2ce aux Ambulants que ce genre appara\u00eet en Russie. Ses sources proviennent des\u00a0<a title=\"Byline\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Byline\">bylines<\/a>\u00a0et des vieux contes populaires l\u00e9gendaires et f\u00e9\u00e9riques.\u00a0<a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>\u00a0en a tir\u00e9 des \u00e9pisodes de princesses des eaux, de preux chevaliers, de batailles sanglantes. Vasnetsov est aussi peintre qui r\u00e9alise des d\u00e9cors de th\u00e9\u00e2tre. C&rsquo;est lui qui a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 les d\u00e9cors et les esquisses des costumes pour l&rsquo;op\u00e9ra de\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Rimski-Korsakov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rimski-Korsakov\">Rimski-Korsakov<\/a>\u00a0<i>La Fille des neiges<\/i>. C&rsquo;est lui qui a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 toute une \u00e9cole de jeunes d\u00e9corateurs qui ont marqu\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre apr\u00e8s lui.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\">L\u00e9gendes<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov Ivan Tsar\u00e9vitch chevauchant le loup gris\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wiktor_Michajlowitsch_Wassnezow_004.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Wiktor_Michajlowitsch_Wassnezow_004.jpg\/250px-Wiktor_Michajlowitsch_Wassnezow_004.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Wiktor_Michajlowitsch_Wassnezow_004.jpg\/330px-Wiktor_Michajlowitsch_Wassnezow_004.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Viktor Vasnetsov Ivan Tsar\u00e9vitch chevauchant le loup gris\" width=\"126\" height=\"170\" data-file-width=\"1300\" data-file-height=\"1755\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Tsar\u00e9vitch chevauchant le loup gris\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Tsar%C3%A9vitch_chevauchant_le_loup_gris\">Ivan Tsar\u00e9vitch chevauchant le loup gris<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef, Roussalka\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_002.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_002.jpg\/250px-Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_002.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_002.jpg\/330px-Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_002.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_002.jpg\/500px-Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_002.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef, Roussalka\" width=\"170\" height=\"113\" data-file-width=\"2025\" data-file-height=\"1350\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Roussalka\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roussalka\">Roussalka<\/a><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Aliocha Popovitch, Dobrynya Nikititch et Ilia Mouromets sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ensemble dans le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre tableau de Viktor Vasnetsov, Les Bogatyrs (1898).\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg\/250px-Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg\/330px-Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg\/500px-Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Aliocha Popovitch, Dobrynya Nikititch et Ilia Mouromets sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ensemble dans le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre tableau de Viktor Vasnetsov, Les Bogatyrs (1898).\" width=\"170\" height=\"113\" data-file-width=\"2114\" data-file-height=\"1400\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><a title=\"Aliocha Popovitch\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aliocha_Popovitch\">Aliocha Popovitch<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Dobrynya Nikititch\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dobrynya_Nikititch\">Dobrynya Nikititch<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ilia Mouromets\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_Mouromets\">Ilia Mouromets<\/a>\u00a0sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ensemble dans le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre tableau de\u00a0<a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Les Bogatyrs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Bogatyrs\">Les Bogatyrs<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(1898).<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Le_d\u00e9clin_des_Ambulants\"><span id=\"Le_d.C3.A9clin_des_Ambulants\"><\/span>Le d\u00e9clin des Ambulants<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Causes_du_d\u00e9clin_des_Ambulants\"><span id=\"Causes_du_d.C3.A9clin_des_Ambulants\"><\/span>Causes du d\u00e9clin des Ambulants<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le groupe des Ambulants a \u00e9t\u00e9 actif durant trente ans. Puis, \u00e9blouis par les succ\u00e8s qu&rsquo;ils avaient connus, ils ne se sont pas rendu compte de la stagnation dans laquelle ils v\u00e9g\u00e9taient. Plus de recherches, plus de voies nouvelles, comme en connaissait l&rsquo;Europe occidentale. Peut-\u00eatre ont-ils comme excuse l&rsquo;admiration que leur vouait le public russe. Ils ont en tout cas n\u00e9glig\u00e9 l&rsquo;aspect esth\u00e9tique dans leurs \u0153uvres au profit des id\u00e9es sociales<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197151_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197151-32\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>32<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;insuffisance de leurs connaissances techniques a \u00e9galement nuit aux Ambulants. Selon\u00a0<a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Chtcherbatov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Chtcherbatov\">Sergue\u00ef Chtcherbatov<\/a>\u00a0les acad\u00e9mies n&rsquo;enseignaient pas correctement le m\u00e9tier. Il remarque sur ce plan que certains mettent des couches d&rsquo;huile sur des couches encore fra\u00eeches de la s\u00e9ance pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente ce qui provoque le noircissement des tons des tableaux. D&rsquo;autres utilisent de l&rsquo;huile de p\u00e9trole la plus ordinaire qui jaunit avec le temps. Les critiques d&rsquo;art et artistes eux-m\u00eames\u00a0<a title=\"Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna_Ostroumova-Lebedeva\">Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva<\/a>, ou encore\u00a0<a title=\"Igor Grabar\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Igor_Grabar\">Igor Grabar<\/a>, font les m\u00eames remarques\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197152_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197152-33\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>33<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La d\u00e9pendance des Ambulants \u00e0 la litt\u00e9rature et leur inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 celle-ci a compromis leur prestige. Les th\u00e8mes utilis\u00e9s par les peintres \u00e9taient les m\u00eames que ceux de la litt\u00e9rature classique russe du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"19\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle. Ainsi le r\u00e9volutionnaire du tableau\u00a0<i><a title=\"Visiteur inattendu\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visiteur_inattendu\">Visiteur inattendu<\/a><\/i>\u00a0semble sortir tout droit des romans des \u00e9crivains russes\u00a0<i>r\u00e9volutionnaires-d\u00e9mocrates<\/i>. Mais la peinture r\u00e9aliste, purement narrative et descriptive restait trop plate par rapport \u00e0 la litt\u00e9rature d&rsquo;accusation. Celle-ci utilisait toutes ses forces pour \u00e9veiller la conscience du public \u00e0 la protestation contre les tares de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sur le plan de l&rsquo;anticl\u00e9ricalisme, les Ambulants refl\u00e8tent dans leurs tableaux les id\u00e9es antireligieuses de\u00a0<a title=\"Dmitri Pissarev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dmitri_Pissarev\">Dmitri Pissarev<\/a>\u00a0ou de\u00a0<a title=\"Nicolas Pomialovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Pomialovski\">Nicolas Pomialovski<\/a>. Parmi ces \u0153uvres des Ambulants, celle d&rsquo;<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Procession_religieuse_dans_la_province_de_Koursk\">Procession religieuse dans la province de Koursk<\/a><\/i>, est un bel exemple, proche dans son esprit d&rsquo;<i><a title=\"Un enterrement \u00e0 Ornans\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Un_enterrement_%C3%A0_Ornans\">Un enterrement \u00e0 Ornans<\/a><\/i>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Gustave Courbet\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustave_Courbet\">Gustave Courbet<\/a>. D&rsquo;autres, comme\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>\u00a0prennent pour cible le comportement des popes port\u00e9s vers la boisson.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;arbitraire auquel \u00e9taient soumis les jeunes\u00a0<a title=\"Servage\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Servage\">serves<\/a>\u00a0et que l&rsquo;\u00e9crivain\u00a0<a title=\"Nicolas Gogol\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Gogol\">Nicolas Gogol<\/a>\u00a0avait d\u00e9crit dans\u00a0<i><a title=\"Les \u00c2mes mortes\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_%C3%82mes_mortes\">Les \u00c2mes mortes<\/a><\/i>\u00a0est repris par\u00a0<a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Nevrev\">Nikola\u00ef Nevrev<\/a>\u00a0avec sa toile\u00a0<a title=\"Vente d'une serve\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vente_d%27une_serve\">Vente d&rsquo;une serve<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197153_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197153-34\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>34<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Le travail des enfants mineurs n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par la loi. La trag\u00e9die de ces enfants sans d\u00e9fense a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crite par des \u00e9crivains tels que\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Anton Tch\u00e9kov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anton_Tch%C3%A9kov\">Tchekhov<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Maxime Gorki\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maxime_Gorki\">Gorki<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Mikha\u00efl Saltykov-Chtchedrine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Saltykov-Chtchedrine\">Saltykov-Chtchedrine<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Tourgueniev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tourgueniev\">Tourgueniev<\/a>. Les Ambulants ne sont pas rest\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cart et ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 ce scandale mais ont souvent donn\u00e9 une note plus souriante, moins tragique, \u00e0 la sombre r\u00e9alit\u00e9, comme chez\u00a0<a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>\u00a0ou\u00a0<a title=\"Vladimir Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Makovski\">Vladimir Makovski<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les Ambulants ont eu une influence capitale dans l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;art russe. En puisant leur inspiration dans la vie russe ils ont rendu la peinture accessible \u00e0 toutes les couches de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Ils ont domin\u00e9 la vie artistique russe pendant une trentaine d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es. Mais, quand ils devront laisser la place \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres \u00e9coles, leur influence ne cessera pas pour autant et ils r\u00e9apparaitront en Russie sovi\u00e9tique quand les canons du r\u00e9alisme social auront \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finis<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197154_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197154-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>35<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce sont leurs carences qui seront cause du d\u00e9clin des Ambulants \u00e0 la fin du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"19\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle. Carences en mati\u00e8re technique, en mati\u00e8re esth\u00e9tique. Ils privil\u00e9gient de plus en plus l&rsquo;anecdote, le moralisme, au d\u00e9triment de la beaut\u00e9 formelle. Leur d\u00e9mocratisation de l&rsquo;art a fait descendre celui-ci du style populaire au style villageois. Par rapport \u00e0 la vision et l&rsquo;ambition d&rsquo;un\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0les artistes se retrouvent dans un r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement ne pouvant mener qu&rsquo;\u00e0 une impasse, note le critique d&rsquo;art\u00a0<a title=\"Boris Assafiev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Assafiev\">Boris Assafiev<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197155_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197155-36\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>36<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il faudra attendre\u00a0<a title=\"Andre\u00ef Riabouchkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andre%C3%AF_Riabouchkine\">Andre\u00ef Riabouchkine<\/a>, un ambulant class\u00e9\u00a0<span class=\"citation\">\u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9riode tardive\u00a0\u00bb<\/span>\u00a0mais qui participe d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux expositions de\u00a0<i><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mir Iskousstva\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mir_Iskousstva\">Mir Iskousstva<\/a><\/i>, pour trouver des exp\u00e9riences artistiques diff\u00e9rentes. Son art est \u00e0 la charni\u00e8re qui relie le mouvement des Ambulants de ceux qui lui ont succ\u00e9d\u00e9\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Marcad\u00e9197156-57_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#cite_note-Marcad%C3%A9197156-57-37\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>37<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Fondateurs\">Fondateurs<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"colonnes\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Ivan Chichkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Chichkine\">Ivan Chichkine<\/a>\u00a0(1832-1898)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Gay\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Gay\">Nikola\u00ef Gay<\/a>\u00a0(1831-1894)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Valeri Iakobi (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Valeri_Iakobi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Valeri Iakobi<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0438, \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0438, \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1834-1902)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Lev Lvovitch Kamenev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lev_Lvovitch_Kamenev\">Lev Kamenev<\/a>\u00a0(1833-1886)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Mikha\u00efl Klodt\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Klodt\">Mikha\u00efl Klodt<\/a>\u00a0(1833-1902)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Petrovitch Klodt (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Petrovitch_Klodt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Petrovitch Klodt<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0442, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0442, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1835-1914)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alekse\u00ef Korzoukhine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alekse%C3%AF_Korzoukhine\">Alekse\u00ef Korzoukhine<\/a>\u00a0(1835-1894)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ivan Kramsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF\">Ivan Kramsko\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0(1837-1887)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Kirill Lemokh\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kirill_Lemokh\">Kirill Lemokh<\/a>\u00a0(1841-1910)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Konstantin Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantin_Makovski\">Konstantin Makovski<\/a>\u00a0(1839-1915)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Makovski\">Nikola\u00ef Makovski<\/a>\u00a0(1841-1886)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Grigori Miasso\u00efedov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grigori_Miasso%C3%AFedov\">Grigori Miasso\u00efedov<\/a>\u00a0(1834-1911)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>\u00a0(1834-1882)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Illarion Prianichnikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illarion_Prianichnikov\">Illarion Prianichnikov<\/a>\u00a0[1840-1894)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alekse\u00ef Savrassov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alekse%C3%AF_Savrassov\">Alekse\u00ef Savrassov<\/a>\u00a0(1830-1897)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Membres\">Membres<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"colonnes\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Alekse\u00ef Afanassiev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alekse%C3%AF_Afanassiev\">Alekse\u00ef Afanassiev<\/a>\u00a0(1850-1920)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vladimir Ammon\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Ammon\">Vladimir Ammon<\/a>\u00a0(1826-1879)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Ammossov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Ammossov\">Sergue\u00ef Ammossov<\/a>\u00a0(1837-1886)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Andre\u00efev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Andre%C3%AFev\">Nikola\u00ef Andre\u00efev<\/a>\u00a0(1873-1932)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Abram Arkhipov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abram_Arkhipov\">Abram Arkhipov<\/a>\u00a0(1862-1930)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Bakche\u00efev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Bakche%C3%AFev\">Vassili Bakche\u00efev<\/a>\u00a0(1862-1958)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Konstantine Bakhtine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Konstantine_Bakhtine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Konstantine Bakhtine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1873-1930)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Aleksandre Beggrov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Aleksandre_Beggrov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Aleksandre Beggrov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0435\u0433\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0435\u0433\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1841-1914)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vladimir Beklemichev (sculpteur)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Beklemichev_(sculpteur)\">Vladimir Beklemichev<\/a>\u00a0(1861-1919)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vitold Bialynitski-Biroulia\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vitold_Bialynitski-Biroulia\">Vitold Bialynitski-Biroulia<\/a>\u00a0(1872-1957)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Bodarevski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Bodarevski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Bodarevski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1850-1921)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vassili Bogatyriov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vassili_Bogatyriov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vassili Bogatyriov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1871-1941)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ivan Bogdanov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Bogdanov\">Ivan Bogdanov<\/a>\u00a0(1855-1932)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Bogdanov-Belski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Bogdanov-Belski\">Nikola\u00ef Bogdanov-Belski<\/a>\u00a0(1868-1945)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alekse\u00ef Bogolioubov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alekse%C3%AF_Bogolioubov\">Alekse\u00ef Bogolioubov<\/a>\u00a0(1824-1896)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Pavel Brioullov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavel_Brioullov\">Pavel Brioullov<\/a>\u00a0(1840-1914)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fiodor Bronnikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiodor_Bronnikov\">Fiodor Bronnikov<\/a>\u00a0(1827-1902)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Emilia Chanks\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emilia_Chanks\">Emilia Chanks<\/a>\u00a0(1857-1936)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Fiodorovitch Chemiakine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Fiodorovitch_Chemiakine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Fiodorovitch Chemiakine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0428\u0435\u043c\u044f\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0428\u0435\u043c\u044f\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1875-1944)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Andre\u00ef Childer (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Andre%C3%AF_Childer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Andre\u00ef Childer<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0428\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0440, \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0428\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0440, \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1861-1919)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Choulpinov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Choulpinov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Choulpinov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0428\u0443\u043b\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0428\u0443\u043b\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1885-1921)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Dmitri Chtcherbinovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dmitri_Chtcherbinovski\">Dmitri Chtcherbinovski<\/a>\u00a0(1867-1926)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Dossekine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Dossekine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Dossekine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1863-1935)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Doubovsko\u00ef\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Doubovsko%C3%AF\">Nikola\u00ef Doubovsko\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0(1859-1918)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Titus Dvornikov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Titus_Dvornikov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Titus Dvornikov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0422\u0438\u0442 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0422\u0438\u0442 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1862-1922)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Endogourov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Endogourov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Endogourov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0415\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0415\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1861-1898)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Fechine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Fechine\">Nikola\u00ef Fechine<\/a>\u00a0(1881-1955)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Constantin Gorbatov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constantin_Gorbatov\">Constantin Gorbatov<\/a>\u00a0(1876-1945)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alexe\u00ef Harlamov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexe%C3%AF_Harlamov\">Alexe\u00ef Harlamov<\/a>\u00a0(1840-1925)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"K\u0101rlis H\u016bns\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C4%81rlis_H%C5%ABns\">K\u0101rlis H\u016bns<\/a>\u00a0(1831-1877)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Iarochenko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Iarochenko\">Nikola\u00ef Iarochenko<\/a>\u00a0(1846-1898)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Grigori Iartsev (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Grigori_Iartsev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Grigori Iartsev<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u042f\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u042f\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1858-1918)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Alekse\u00ef Issoupov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alekse%C3%AF_Issoupov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alekse\u00ef Issoupov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0418\u0441\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0418\u0441\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1889-1957)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Ivanov (peintre)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Ivanov_(peintre)\">Sergue\u00ef Ivanov<\/a>\u00a0(1864-1910)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Stanislav Joukovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanislav_Joukovski\">Stanislav Joukovski<\/a>\u00a0(1873-1944)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Kassatkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Kassatkine\">Nikola\u00ef Kassatkine<\/a>\u00a0(1859-1930)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Piotr Keline (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Piotr_Keline&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Piotr Keline<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1874-1946)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Kholiavine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Kholiavine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Kholiavine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0425\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043d, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0425\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043d, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1874-1924)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Aleksandre Kisseliov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleksandre_Kisseliov\">Aleksandre Kisseliov<\/a>\u00a0(1838-1911)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alexe\u00ef Korine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexe%C3%AF_Korine\">Alexe\u00ef Korine<\/a>\u00a0(1865-1923)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Kyriak Kostandi\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyriak_Kostandi\">Kyriak Kostandi<\/a>\u00a0(1852-1921)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Arkhip Kou\u00efndji\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arkhip_Kou%C3%AFndji\">Arkhip Kou\u00efndji<\/a>\u00a0(1841-1910)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Kouznetsov (peintre)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Kouznetsov_(peintre)\">Nikola\u00ef Kouznetsov<\/a>\u00a0(1850-1929)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Arnold Lakhovski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Arnold_Lakhovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Arnold Lakhovski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1880-1937)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Klavdi Lebedev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klavdi_Lebedev\">Klavdi Lebedev<\/a>\u00a0(1852-1916)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Alexe\u00ef Kravtchenko (peintre) (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alexe%C3%AF_Kravtchenko_(peintre)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alexe\u00ef Kravtchenko<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1889-1940)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Iouri Leman (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Iouri_Leman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Iouri Leman<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1843-1901)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Isaac Levitan\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Levitan\">Isaac Levitan<\/a>\u00a0(1860-1900)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Rafail Levitsky\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rafail_Levitsky\">Rafail Levitsky<\/a>\u00a0(1847-1940)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ernest Lissner (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ernest_Lissner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ernest Lissner<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u042d\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u042d\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u042d\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u042d\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1874-1941)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Aleksandre Litovtchenko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleksandre_Litovtchenko\">Aleksandre Litovtchenko<\/a>\u00a0(1835-1890)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vladimir Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Makovski\">Vladimir Makovski<\/a>\u00a0(1846-1920)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Malioutine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Malioutine\">Sergue\u00ef Malioutine<\/a>\u00a0(1859-1937)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alexandre Makovski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandre_Makovski\">Alexandre Makovski<\/a>\u00a0(1869-1924)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Maksimov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Maksimov\">Vassili Maksimov<\/a>\u00a0(1844-1911)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Miloradovitch\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Miloradovitch\">Sergue\u00ef Miloradovitch<\/a>\u00a0(1851-1943)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Iakov Mintchenkov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iakov_Mintchenkov\">Iakov Mintchenkov<\/a>\u00a0(1871-1938)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Aleksandr Moravov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Moravov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Aleksandr Moravov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1878-1951)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Anatoli Moukhine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Anatoli_Moukhine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Anatoli Moukhine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041c\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d, \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041c\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d, \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1874-1924)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Aleksandr Mourachko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleksandr_Mourachko\">Aleksandr Mourachko<\/a>\u00a0(1875-1919)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Mikha\u00efl Nesterov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Nesterov\">Mikha\u00efl Nesterov<\/a>\u00a0(1862-1942)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Nevrev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Nevrev\">Nikola\u00ef Nevrev<\/a>\u00a0(1830-1904)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Semion Nikiforov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Semion_Nikiforov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Semion Nikiforov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1877-1912)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Piotr Nilous\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piotr_Nilous\">Piotr Nilous<\/a>\u00a0(1869-1943)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Vassilievitch Orlov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Vassilievitch_Orlov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Vassilievitch Orlov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1863-1924)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ilya Ostroukhov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilya_Ostroukhov\">Ilya Ostroukhov<\/a>\u00a0(1858-1929)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Konstantin Pervoukhine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantin_Pervoukhine\">Konstantin Pervoukhine<\/a>\u00a0(1863-1915)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Piotr Petrovitchev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piotr_Petrovitchev\">Piotr Petrovitchev<\/a>\u00a0(1874-1947)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ivan Pokhitonov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Pokhitonov\">Ivan Pokhitonov<\/a>\u00a0(1850-1923)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Leonid Pozen (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Leonid_Pozen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Leonid Pozen<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d, \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d, \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1849-1921)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mykola Pymonenko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mykola_Pymonenko\">Mykola Pymonenko<\/a>\u00a0(1862-1912)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Polenov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Polenov\">Vassili Polenov<\/a>\u00a0(1844-1927)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Lukian Popov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lukian_Popov\">Lukian Popov<\/a>\u00a0(1873-1914)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Pavel Radimov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pavel_Radimov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Pavel Radimov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1887-1967)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Afanassi Razmaritsyne (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Afanassi_Razmaritsyne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Afanassi Razmaritsyne<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044b\u043d, \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044b\u043d, \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1844-1917)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>\u00a0(1844-1930)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Iouri Repine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iouri_Repine\">Iouri Repine<\/a>\u00a0(1877-1954)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Sergue\u00ef Riabouchinski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sergue%C3%AF_Riabouchinski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Sergue\u00ef Riabouchinski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0420\u044f\u0431\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0420\u044f\u0431\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1872-1936)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Antonina Rjevska\u00efa\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonina_Rjevska%C3%AFa\">Antonina Rjevska\u00efa<\/a>\u00a0(1861-1934)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Gueorgui Savitski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Gueorgui_Savitski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Gueorgui Savitski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1887-1949)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Konstantine Savitski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantine_Savitski\">Konstantine Savitski<\/a>\u00a0(1844-1905)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Valentin Serov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentin_Serov\">Valentin Serov<\/a>\u00a0(1865-1911)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vladimir Ivanovitch Sokolov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vladimir_Ivanovitch_Sokolov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vladimir Ivanovitch Sokolov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1872-1946)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vardges Sureniants\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vardges_Sureniants\">Vardges Sureniants<\/a>\u00a0(1860-1921)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Sourikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Sourikov\">Vassili Sourikov<\/a>\u00a0(1848-1916)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alekse\u00ef Stepanov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alekse%C3%AF_Stepanov\">Alekse\u00ef Stepanov<\/a>\u00a0(1858-1923)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vassili Svarog (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vassili_Svarog&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vassili Svarog<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1883-1946)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Svetoslavski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Svetoslavski\">Sergue\u00ef Svetoslavski<\/a>\u00a0(1857-1931)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vitali Tikhov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vitali_Tikhov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vitali Tikhov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1876-1939)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Leonard Tourjanski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonard_Tourjanski\">Leonard Tourjanski<\/a>\u00a0(1875-1945)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Apollinaire Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollinaire_Vasnetsov\">Apollinaire Vasnetsov<\/a>\u00a0(1856-1933)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>\u00a0(1848-1926)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Vinogradov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Vinogradov\">Sergue\u00ef Vinogradov<\/a>\u00a0(1869-1938)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Efim Volkov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Efim_Volkov\">Efim Volkov<\/a>\u00a0(1844-1920)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Zagorski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Zagorski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Zagorski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1849-1893)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Matve\u00ef Za\u00eftsev (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Matve%C3%AF_Za%C3%AFtsev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Matve\u00ef Za\u00eftsev<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0417\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1880-1942)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Viktor Zarubin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Zarubin\">Viktor Zarubin<\/a>\u00a0(1866-1928)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Participants_aux_expositions_non_membres\">Participants aux expositions non membres<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"colonnes\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Emmanuel Aladjalov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emmanuel_Aladjalov\">Emmanuel Aladjalov<\/a>\u00a0(1862-1934)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Mark Antokolski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mark_Antokolski\">Mark Antokolski<\/a>\u00a0(1843-1902), sculpteur<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Sedrak Arakelian (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sedrak_Arakelian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Sedrak Arakelian<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0410\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d, \u0421\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0410\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0410\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d, \u0421\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0410\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1884-1942)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Bajine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Bajine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Bajine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1856-1917)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Viktor Batourine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Viktor_Batourine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Viktor Batourine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043d, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043d, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1863-1938)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vassili Belia\u00efev (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vassili_Belia%C3%AFev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vassili Belia\u00efev<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1867-1928)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Pavel Benkov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pavel_Benkov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Pavel Benkov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1879-1949)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Bogatov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Bogatov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Bogatov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1854-1935)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Grigorievitch Bogdanov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Grigorievitch_Bogdanov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Grigorievitch Bogdanov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1850-1892)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vladimir Bogdanov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vladimir_Bogdanov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vladimir Bogdanov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1863-1921)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Botkine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Botkine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Botkine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1839-1914)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Evgueni Boukovetski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Evgueni_Boukovetski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Evgueni Boukovetski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1866-1948)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"David Bourliouk\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Bourliouk\">David Bourliouk<\/a>\u00a0(1882-1967)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Alexandre Boutchkouri (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alexandre_Boutchkouri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alexandre Boutchkouri<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1870-1942)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Isaak Brodsky\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaak_Brodsky\">Isaak Brodski<\/a>\u00a0(1884-1939)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Bykovski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Bykovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Bykovski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0411\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0411\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1834-1917)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Chestiorkine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Chestiorkine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Chestiorkine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0451\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0451\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1866-1908)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Paul Chmaroff\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Chmaroff\">Paul Chmaroff<\/a>\u00a0(1874-1950)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Alexandre Chouryguine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alexandre_Chouryguine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alexandre Chouryguine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0428\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0428\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1862-?)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vladimir Domogatski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vladimir_Domogatski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vladimir Domogatski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0414\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0414\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1876-1939), sculpteur<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Drozdov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Drozdov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Drozdov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0414\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0414\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1880-1939)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Eugen D\u00fccker\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugen_D%C3%BCcker\">Eugen D\u00fccker<\/a>\u00a0(1841-1916)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Ellert (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Ellert&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Ellert<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u042d\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0442, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u042d\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0442, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1831\/1845-1901)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alexandre Golovine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandre_Golovine\">Alexandre Golovine<\/a>(1863-1930)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Gavriil Gorelov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Gavriil_Gorelov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Gavriil Gorelov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1880-1966)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Gorokhov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Gorokhov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Gorokhov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1863-1934)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Gougounava (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Gougounava&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Gougounava<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0413\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0413\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1860-1919)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Goujavine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Goujavine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Goujavine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0413\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0413\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1888-1931)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Grandkovski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Grandkovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Grandkovski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1864-1907)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nicolas Gritsenko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Gritsenko\">Nicolas Gritsenko<\/a>\u00a0(1856-1900)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alexandre Guerassimov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandre_Guerassimov\">Alexandre Guerassimov<\/a>\u00a0(1881-1963)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ilya Guinzbourg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilya_Guinzbourg\">Ilya Guinzbourg<\/a>\u00a0(1859-1939)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Boris Iakovlev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Iakovlev\">Boris Iakovlev<\/a>\u00a0(1890-1972)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vassili Nikola\u00efevitch Iakovlev (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vassili_Nikola%C3%AFevitch_Iakovlev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vassili Nikola\u00efevitch Iakovlev<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1893-1953)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Iarovo\u00ef (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Iarovo%C3%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Iarovo\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u042f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u042f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1864-1940)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Fiodor Iasnovski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Fiodor_Iasnovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Fiodor Iasnovski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u042f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u042f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1833-1902)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Ivanovitch Ignatiev (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Ivanovitch_Ignatiev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Ivanovitch Ignatiev<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0418\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0418\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1870-1934)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Iekaterina Ioungue\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iekaterina_Ioungue\">Iekaterina Ioungue<\/a>\u00a0(1843-1913)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Konstantine Iouon\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantine_Iouon\">Konstantine Iouon<\/a>\u00a0(1875-1958)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Firs Jouravliov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Firs_Jouravliov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Firs Jouravliov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0416\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0451\u0432, \u0424\u0438\u0440\u0441 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2,_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0416\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0451\u0432, \u0424\u0438\u0440\u0441 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vassili Jouravilov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vassili_Jouravilov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vassili Jouravilov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0416\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0451\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0416\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0451\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1881-1967)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Kabanov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Kabanov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Kabanov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1877-1942)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Anatoli Ka\u00efgorodov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Anatoli_Ka%C3%AFgorodov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Anatoli Ka\u00efgorodov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0430\u0439\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0439\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1878-1945)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Leonidovitch Kalmykov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Leonidovitch_Kalmykov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Leonidovitch Kalmykov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0430\u043b\u043c\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u043b\u043c\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1866-1925)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Fiodor Kamenski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Fiodor_Kamenski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Fiodor Kamenski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1836-1913), sculpteur<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Anton Kandaourov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anton_Kandaourov\">Anton Kandaourov<\/a>\u00a0(1863-1930)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Anna Karinska\u00efa\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna_Karinska%C3%AFa\">Anna Karinska\u00efa<\/a>\u00a0(1871-1931)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Evgueni Katzman (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Evgueni_Katzman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Evgueni Katzman<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0430\u0446\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0446\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1890-1976)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Kazakov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Kazakov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Kazakov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1873-1935)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Khokhriakov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Khokhriakov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Khokhriakov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0425\u043e\u0445\u0440\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0425\u043e\u0445\u0440\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1857-1928)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Gueorgui Khrouslov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gueorgui_Khrouslov\">Gueorgui Khrouslov<\/a>\u00a0(1861-1913)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Solomon Kichiniovski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Solomon_Kichiniovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Solomon Kichiniovski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0451\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0451\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1862-1941\/1942)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Klodt\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Klodt\">Nikola\u00ef Klodt<\/a>\u00a0(1865-1918)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Alexe\u00ef Kokel (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alexe%C3%AF_Kokel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alexe\u00ef Kokel<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1880-1956)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Dmitri Koloupa\u00efev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dmitri_Koloupa%C3%AFev\">Dmitri Koloupa\u00efev<\/a>\u00a0(1883-1954)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Konstantin Korovine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantin_Korovine\">Konstantin Korovine<\/a>\u00a0(1861-1939)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sergue\u00ef Korovine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergue%C3%AF_Korovine\">Sergue\u00ef Korovine<\/a>\u00a0(1858-1908)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vladimir Alexandrovitch Kouznetsov (artiste) (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vladimir_Alexandrovitch_Kouznetsov_(artiste)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vladimir Alexandrovitch Kouznetsov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1874-1960)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vassili Kra\u00efniov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vassili_Kra%C3%AFniov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vassili Kra\u00efniov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0451\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0451\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1879-1955)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Iossif Kratchkovski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Iossif_Kratchkovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Iossif Kratchkovski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1854-1914)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Constantin Kryjitski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constantin_Kryjitski\">Constantin Kryjitski<\/a>\u00a0(1858-1911)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Leblan (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Leblan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Leblan<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041b\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041b\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1875-1940)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Piotr Levtchenko (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Piotr_Levtchenko&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Piotr Levtchenko<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1856-1917)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Alexandra Makovska\u00efa\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandra_Makovska%C3%AFa\">Alexandra Makovska\u00efa<\/a>\u00a0(1837-1915)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Philippe Maliavine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippe_Maliavine\">Philippe Maliavine<\/a>\u00a0(1869-1940)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Malychev (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Malychev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Malychev<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1852-1912)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Dmitri Marten (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dmitri_Marten&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Dmitri Marten<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d, \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d, \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1860-1918)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Porfiri Martynovitch\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porfiri_Martynovitch\">Porfiri Martynovitch<\/a>\u00a0(1856-1933)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Sergue\u00efevitch Matve\u00efev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Sergue%C3%AFevitch_Matve%C3%AFev\">Nikola\u00ef Sergue\u00efevitch Matve\u00efev<\/a>\u00a0(1855-1939)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Mechkov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Mechkov\">Vassili Nikititch Mechkov<\/a>\u00a0(1867-1946)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vassili Vassilievitch Mechkov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vassili_Vassilievitch_Mechkov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vassili Vassilievitch Mechkov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1893-1963)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Mechtcherine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Mechtcherine\">Nikola\u00ef Mechtcherine<\/a>\u00a0(1864-1916)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Arseni Mechtcherski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arseni_Mechtcherski\">Arseni Mechtcherski<\/a>\u00a0(1834-1902)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vladimir Menk\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Menk\">Vladimir Menk<\/a>\u00a0(1856-1920)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ivan Miasso\u00efedov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Miasso%C3%AFedov\">Ivan Miasso\u00efedov<\/a>\u00a0(1881-1953)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fiodor Modorov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiodor_Modorov\">Fiodor Modorov<\/a>\u00a0(1890-1967)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Leonid Pasternak\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonid_Pasternak\">Leonid Pasternak<\/a>\u00a0(1862-1945)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Pelevine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Pelevine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Pelevine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1840-1917)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Perepliotchikov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perepliotchikov\">Vassili Perepliotchikov<\/a>\u00a0(1863-1918)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vladimir Perov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vladimir_Perov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vladimir Perov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1868-1898)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Iekaterina Petrokokino\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iekaterina_Petrokokino\">Iekaterina Petrokokino<\/a>\u00a0(1852-1939)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Sigismund Piotrowicz (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sigismund_Piotrowicz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Sigismund Piotrowicz<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u0421\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u0421\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1862-?)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Khariton Platonov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Khariton_Platonov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Khariton Platonov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1842-1907)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Elena Polenova\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elena_Polenova\">Elena Polenova<\/a>\u00a0(1850-1898)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Sergue\u00ef Postnikov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sergue%C3%AF_Postnikov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Sergue\u00ef Postnikov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1827-1880)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vladimir Pozdne\u00efev (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vladimir_Pozdne%C3%AFev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vladimir Pozdne\u00efev<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0432, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1867-1912)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Semion Prokhorov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Semion_Prokhorov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Semion Prokhorov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1873-1948)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Vladimir Ptchioline (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vladimir_Ptchioline&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vladimir Ptchioline<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u0447\u0451\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u0447\u0451\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1869-1941)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Pypine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Pypine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Pypine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u041f\u044b\u0440\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u041f\u044b\u0440\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1874-1943)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Fiodor Ivanovitch Rerberg (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Fiodor_Ivanovitch_Rerberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Fiodor Ivanovitch Rerberg<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0420\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0420\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1865-1938)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Andre\u00ef Riabouchkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andre%C3%AF_Riabouchkine\">Andre\u00ef Riabouchkine<\/a>\u00a0(1861-1904)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nikola\u00ef Sapounov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola%C3%AF_Sapounov\">Nikola\u00ef Sapounov<\/a>\u00a0(1880-1912)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Viktor Simov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Viktor_Simov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Viktor Simov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1858-1935)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Alexandre Skalon (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alexandre_Skalon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alexandre Skalon<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a)\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1874-1942)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Mikha\u00efl Sokolov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Sokolov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Mikha\u00efl Sokolov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1875-1953)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Evgueni Stolitsa (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Evgueni_Stolitsa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Evgueni Stolitsa<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0,_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1870-1929)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Strounnikov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Strounnikov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Strounnikov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1871-1945)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Grigori Svetlitski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Grigori_Svetlitski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Grigori Svetlitski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1872-1948)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Fedot Sytchkov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Fedot_Sytchkov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Fedot Sytchkov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u044b\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u044b\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1870-1958)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Eguiche Tadevossian (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Eguiche_Tadevossian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Eguiche Tadevossian<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0422\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u044f\u043d, \u0415\u0433\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD,_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0422\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u044f\u043d, \u0415\u0433\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1870-1936)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Iefim Tcheptsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iefim_Tcheptsov\">Efim Tcheptsov<\/a>\u00a0(1874-1950)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Matve\u00ef Tchijov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matve%C3%AF_Tchijov\">Matve\u00ef Tchijov<\/a>\u00a0(1838-1916), sculpteur<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Philippe Tchirko\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippe_Tchirko\">Filipp Tchirko<\/a>\u00a0(1859-1928)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Alexandre Tchirkov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alexandre_Tchirkov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Alexandre Tchirkov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0427\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0427\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1865-1913)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Iakov Tourlyguine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Iakov_Tourlyguine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Iakov Tourlyguine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0422\u0443\u0440\u043b\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0422\u0443\u0440\u043b\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1857-1909)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Nikola\u00ef Tretiakov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikola%C3%AF_Tretiakov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikola\u00ef Tretiakov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1857-1896)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ossip Tro\u00efanovski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ossip_Tro%C3%AFanovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ossip Tro\u00efanovski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0422\u0440\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0422\u0440\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1867-?)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Paul Troubetzkoy\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Troubetzkoy\">Pavel Troubetsko\u00ef<\/a>\u00a0(1866-1938)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ivan Troutnev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Troutnev\">Ivan Troutnev<\/a>\u00a0(1827-1912)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Vassili Verechtchaguine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Verechtchaguine\">Vassili Verechtchaguine<\/a>\u00a0(1842-1904)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Ivan Vladimirov (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Vladimirov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Vladimirov<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1869-1947)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Sergue\u00ef Volnoukhine (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sergue%C3%AF_Volnoukhine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Sergue\u00ef Volnoukhine<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1859-1921), sculpteur<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Konstantine Vyssotski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Konstantine_Vyssotski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Konstantine Vyssotski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1864-1938)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Parmen Zabello (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Parmen_Zabello&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Parmen Zabello<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043b\u043e, \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043b\u043e, \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1830-1917)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"Andre\u00ef Zaretski (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Andre%C3%AF_Zaretski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Andre\u00ef Zaretski<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1864-1919)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Iekaterina Zaroudna\u00efa-Kovas\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iekaterina_Zaroudna%C3%AFa-Kovas\">Iekaterina Zaroudna\u00efa-Kovas<\/a>\u00a0(1861-1917)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Quelques_\u0153uvres_caract\u00e9ristiques\"><span id=\"Quelques_.C5.93uvres_caract.C3.A9ristiques\"><\/span>Quelques \u0153uvres caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Procession pascale dans un village (Vassili Perov, 1861)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_006.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/85\/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_006.jpg\/250px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_006.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/85\/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_006.jpg\/500px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_006.jpg 1.5x\" alt=\"Procession pascale dans un village (Vassili Perov, 1861)\" width=\"154\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"2048\" data-file-height=\"1622\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i>Procession pascale dans un village<\/i><br \/>\n(<a title=\"Vassili Perov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vassili_Perov\">Vassili Perov<\/a>, 1861)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Les H\u00e2leurs de la Volga (Ilia R\u00e9pine, 1870-1873)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ilia_Efimovich_Repin_(1844-1930)_-_Volga_Boatmen_(1870-1873).jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Ilia_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Volga_Boatmen_%281870-1873%29.jpg\/500px-Ilia_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Volga_Boatmen_%281870-1873%29.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Ilia_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Volga_Boatmen_%281870-1873%29.jpg\/960px-Ilia_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Volga_Boatmen_%281870-1873%29.jpg 1.5x\" alt=\"Les H\u00e2leurs de la Volga (Ilia R\u00e9pine, 1870-1873)\" width=\"265\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"4586\" data-file-height=\"2120\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Les Bateliers de la Volga (R\u00e9pine)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Bateliers_de_la_Volga_(R%C3%A9pine)\">Les H\u00e2leurs de la Volga<\/a><\/i><br \/>\n(<a title=\"Ilia R\u00e9pine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilia_R%C3%A9pine\">Ilia R\u00e9pine<\/a>, 1870-1873)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Lac Ladoga (Arkhip Kou\u00efndji, 1873)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_008.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_008.jpg\/250px-Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_008.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_008.jpg\/330px-Archip_Iwanowitsch_Kuindshi_008.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Lac Ladoga (Arkhip Kou\u00efndji, 1873)\" width=\"95\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"1554\" data-file-height=\"2000\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Lac Ladoga (Kou\u00efndji)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lac_Ladoga_(Kou%C3%AFndji)\">Lac Ladoga<\/a><\/i><br \/>\n(<a title=\"Arkhip Kou\u00efndji\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arkhip_Kou%C3%AFndji\">Arkhip Kou\u00efndji<\/a>, 1873)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Le D\u00e9m\u00e9nagement (Viktor Vasnetsov, 1876)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vasnetsov_Moving_House.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a7\/Vasnetsov_Moving_House.jpg\/250px-Vasnetsov_Moving_House.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a7\/Vasnetsov_Moving_House.jpg\/500px-Vasnetsov_Moving_House.jpg 1.5x\" alt=\"Le D\u00e9m\u00e9nagement (Viktor Vasnetsov, 1876)\" width=\"152\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"894\" data-file-height=\"720\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i>Le D\u00e9m\u00e9nagement<\/i><br \/>\n(<a title=\"Viktor Vasnetsov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Vasnetsov\">Viktor Vasnetsov<\/a>, 1876)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Un matin dans une for\u00eat de pins (Ivan Chichkine, 1886)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Utro_v_sosnovom_lesu.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Utro_v_sosnovom_lesu.jpg\/330px-Utro_v_sosnovom_lesu.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Utro_v_sosnovom_lesu.jpg\/500px-Utro_v_sosnovom_lesu.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Utro_v_sosnovom_lesu.jpg\/960px-Utro_v_sosnovom_lesu.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Un matin dans une for\u00eat de pins (Ivan Chichkine, 1886)\" width=\"181\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"5668\" data-file-height=\"3840\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i><a title=\"Un matin dans une for\u00eat de pins\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Un_matin_dans_une_for%C3%AAt_de_pins\">Un matin dans une for\u00eat de pins<\/a><\/i><br \/>\n(<a title=\"Ivan Chichkine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Chichkine\">Ivan Chichkine<\/a>, 1886)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Soir\u00e9e d'automne (Valentin Serov, 1886)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Walentin_Alexandrowitsch_Serow_001.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/Walentin_Alexandrowitsch_Serow_001.jpg\/250px-Walentin_Alexandrowitsch_Serow_001.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/Walentin_Alexandrowitsch_Serow_001.jpg\/500px-Walentin_Alexandrowitsch_Serow_001.jpg 1.5x\" alt=\"Soir\u00e9e d'automne (Valentin Serov, 1886)\" width=\"160\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"2024\" data-file-height=\"1550\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i>Soir\u00e9e d&rsquo;automne<\/i><br \/>\n(<a title=\"Valentin Serov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentin_Serov\">Valentin Serov<\/a>, 1886)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div class=\"thumb\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Le Pont dans les bois (Levitski, 1886)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rafail_Levitsky_-_Bridge_in_the_Woods.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Rafail_Levitsky_-_Bridge_in_the_Woods.jpg\/330px-Rafail_Levitsky_-_Bridge_in_the_Woods.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Rafail_Levitsky_-_Bridge_in_the_Woods.jpg\/500px-Rafail_Levitsky_-_Bridge_in_the_Woods.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Rafail_Levitsky_-_Bridge_in_the_Woods.jpg\/960px-Rafail_Levitsky_-_Bridge_in_the_Woods.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Le Pont dans les bois (Levitski, 1886)\" width=\"189\" height=\"122\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"777\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><i>Le Pont dans les bois<\/i><br \/>\n(Levitski, 1886)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Notes_et_r\u00e9f\u00e9rences\"><span id=\"Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences\"><\/span>Notes et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Renseignements compl\u00e9mentaires pris sur les pages Wikip\u00e9dia en russe et en anglais<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"references-small decimal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"reference-text\">Cyrille Makhroff, coauteur du\u00a0<i>Dictionnaire de l&rsquo;\u00e9migration russe<\/i>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197125-2\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a025.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197126-3\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a026.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197128-4\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a028.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Ely_2000_253\u2013270-5\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><span id=\"Ely2000\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Christopher_Ely2000\" class=\"ouvrage\">Christopher\u00a0<span class=\"nom_auteur\">Ely<\/span>, \u00ab\u00a0<cite>Critics in the native soil: landscape and conflicting ideas of nationality in Imperial Russia<\/cite>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<i>Ecumene<\/i>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.<\/abbr>\u00a07,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"num\u00e9ro\">n<sup>o<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a03,\u200e\u00a0<time>2000<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">253\u2013270<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197129-6\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a029.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197130-7\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a030.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197131-8\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a031.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197132-9\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a032.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><span id=\"Leek\" class=\"ouvrage\">Peter Leek,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">La peinture russe<\/cite>, Parkstone Press<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197133-11\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a033.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197134-12\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a034.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197136-13\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a036.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197137-14\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a037.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"reference-text\">F. Dosto\u00efevski,\u00a0<i>Journal d&rsquo;un \u00e9crivain<\/i>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"num\u00e9ro\">n<sup>o<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a013, 1873,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0283.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-art_russep.153-16\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#art_russep.153\">art russe p.153<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197141-17\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a041.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"reference-text\">Lettre du\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1894-07-16\" data-sort-value=\"1894-07-16\">16 juillet 1894<\/time>\u00a0de L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef \u00e0 P. Tretiakov, D\u00e9partement des archives de la Galerie Tretiakov.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197135-19\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a035.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a title=\"Mikha\u00efl Saltykov-Chtchedrine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikha%C3%AFl_Saltykov-Chtchedrine\">Mikha\u00efl Saltykov-Chtchedrine<\/a>; Notre vie publique in\u00a0<i>Sur la litt\u00e9rature et l&rsquo;art<\/i>, Moscou, Gozisdat\u00a0<i>Iskousstvo<\/i>, 1953,\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">pp.<\/abbr>\u00a0537-544<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-\u0422\u042e-21\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><span id=\"\u042e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430_(Tatiana_Ioudenkova)2010\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"\u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430_\u042e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430_(Tatiana_Ioudenkova)2010\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : russe\">(ru)<\/abbr>\u00a0\u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u042e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 (Tatiana Ioudenkova), \u00ab\u00a0<cite lang=\"ru\">\u0420\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/cite>\u00a0\u00bb [\u00ab\u00a0R\u00e9pine in\u00e9puisable\u00a0\u00bb],\u00a0<span class=\"lang-ru\" lang=\"ru\">\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/span>,\u200e\u00a0<time>2010<\/time>\u00a0<small>(<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/artist-mag.ru\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=64:12010&amp;id=196:2010-04-09-13-10-10\" rel=\"nofollow\">lire en ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fartist-mag.ru%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26catid%3D64%3A12010%26id%3D196%3A2010-04-09-13-10-10\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-art_russep.154-22\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#art_russep.154\">art russe p.154<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-art_russep.143-23\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#art_russep.143\">art russe p.143<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-art_russep.162-24\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#art_russep.162\">art russe p.162<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LeekLeek72-25\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Leek\">Leek<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a072.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197149-26\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a049.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197150-27\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a050.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197143-28\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a043.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LeekLeek69-29\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Leek\">Leek<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a069.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-art_russep.161-30\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#art_russep.161\">art russe p.161<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197147-31\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a047.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197151-32\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a051.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197152-33\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a052.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197153-34\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a053.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197154-35\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a054.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197155-36\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a055.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Marcad\u00e9197156-57-37\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambulants#Marcad%C3%A91971\">Marcad\u00e9 1971<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a056-57.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Voir_aussi\">Voir aussi<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Bibliographie\">Bibliographie<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"Document utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l\u2019article\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x\" alt=\"Document utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l\u2019article\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" data-file-width=\"330\" data-file-height=\"158\" \/><\/span>\u00a0: document utilis\u00e9 comme source pour la r\u00e9daction de cet article.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span id=\"Besan\u00e7on1962\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Alain_Besan\u00e7on1962\" class=\"ouvrage\"><a title=\"Alain Besan\u00e7on\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alain_Besan%C3%A7on\">Alain Besan\u00e7on<\/a>, \u00ab\u00a0<cite>Un grand probl\u00e8me\u00a0: la dissidence de la peinture russe (1860-1922)<\/cite>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<i>Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales<\/i>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.<\/abbr>\u00a017,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"num\u00e9ro\">n<sup>o<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a02,\u200e\u00a0<time>1962<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">252\u2013282<\/span>\u00a0<small>(<a title=\"Digital Object Identifier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Object_Identifier\">DOI<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3406\/ahess.1962.420817\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.3406\/ahess.1962.420817<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/ahess_0395-2649_1962_num_17_2_420817\" rel=\"nofollow\">lire en ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fahess_0395-2649_1962_num_17_2_420817\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>, consult\u00e9 le\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-12-16\" data-sort-value=\"2017-12-16\">16 d\u00e9cembre 2017<\/time>)<\/small><\/span><\/span>.<span class=\"nowrap\" title=\"Ouvrage utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l'article\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x\" alt=\"Ouvrage utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l'article\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" data-file-width=\"330\" data-file-height=\"158\" \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"Lebedev1982\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Andre\u00ef_Lebedev1982\" class=\"ouvrage\">Andre\u00ef Lebedev,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">Les Ambulants<\/cite>, Leningrad, \u00c9dition d&rsquo;art Aurore,\u00a0<time>1982<\/time><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span id=\"Marcad\u00e91971\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Valentine_Marcad\u00e91971\" class=\"ouvrage\"><a title=\"Valentine Marcad\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentine_Marcad%C3%A9\">Valentine Marcad\u00e9<\/a>,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">Le renouveau de l&rsquo;art pictural russe<\/cite>, Lausanne,\u00a0<a title=\"\u00c9ditions L'\u00c2ge d'Homme\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89ditions_L%27%C3%82ge_d%27Homme\">\u00c9ditions l&rsquo;\u00c2ge d&rsquo;Homme<\/a>,\u00a0<time>1971<\/time>, 394\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><\/span><\/span><span class=\"nowrap\" title=\"Ouvrage utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l'article\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x\" alt=\"Ouvrage utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l'article\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" data-file-width=\"330\" data-file-height=\"158\" \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"Nesterova1996\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Elena_Nesterova1996\" class=\"ouvrage\">Elena Nesterova,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">Les Ambulants\u00a0: les ma\u00eetres du r\u00e9alisme russe (seconde moiti\u00e9 du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"19\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>-d\u00e9but du\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"20\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle)<\/cite>, Bournemouth et Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, Parkstone et Aurora,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.<\/abbr>\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u00c9coles et mouvements\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<time>1996<\/time>, 255\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<small>(<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Sp\u00e9cial:Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\/1-85995-255-0\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/1-85995-255-0\"><span class=\"nowrap\">1-85995-255-0<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Online Computer Library Center\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Online_Computer_Library_Center\">OCLC<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/worldcat.org\/fr\/title\/495985463\" rel=\"nofollow\">495985463<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<a title=\"Syst\u00e8me universitaire de documentation\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation\">SUDOC<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudoc.fr\/007277989\" rel=\"nofollow\">007277989<\/a><\/span>)<\/small><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span id=\"R\u00e9au1968\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Louis_R\u00e9au1968\" class=\"ouvrage\"><a title=\"Louis R\u00e9au\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_R%C3%A9au\">Louis R\u00e9au<\/a>\u00a0(\u00e9dition originale de Henri Laurens),\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">L&rsquo;Art russe<\/cite>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"tome\">t.<\/abbr>\u00a03, Verviers, Gerard et co,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.<\/abbr>\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Marabout universit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<time>1968<\/time><\/span><\/span>.<span class=\"nowrap\" title=\"Ouvrage utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l'article\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg\/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x\" alt=\"Ouvrage utilis\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9daction de l'article\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" data-file-width=\"330\" data-file-height=\"158\" \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"Steiner2009\" class=\"ouvrage\"><span id=\"Evgeny_Steiner2009\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0Evgeny Steiner, \u00ab\u00a0<cite lang=\"en\">A battle for the \u201cpeople\u2019s cause\u201d or for the market case\u00a0: Kramskoi and the Itinerants<\/cite>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<i><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\"><a title=\"Cahiers du monde russe\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cahiers_du_monde_russe\">Cahiers du monde russe<\/a><\/span><\/i>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.<\/abbr>\u00a050,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"num\u00e9ro\">n<sup>o<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a04,\u200e\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2009\" data-sort-value=\"2009\">octobre-novembre 2009<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">627-646<\/span>\u00a0<small>(<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Sp\u00e9cial:Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\/978-2-7132-2261-0\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/978-2-7132-2261-0\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-7132-2261-0<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"International Standard Serial Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Serial_Number\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.issn.org\/resource\/issn\/1252-6576\" rel=\"nofollow\">1252-6576<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<a title=\"International Standard Serial Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Serial_Number#ISSN_%C3%A9lectronique\">e-ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.issn.org\/resource\/issn\/1777-5388\" rel=\"nofollow\">1777-5388<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<a title=\"Digital Object Identifier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Object_Identifier\">DOI<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4000\/monderusse.9910\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.4000\/monderusse.9910<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<a title=\"JSTOR\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/jstor.org\/stable\/41349462\" rel=\"nofollow\">41349462<\/a><\/span>)<\/small><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 id=\"Articles_connexes\">Articles connexes<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"R\u00e9volte des Quatorze\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9volte_des_Quatorze\">R\u00e9volte des Quatorze<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"new\" title=\"Liste des participants aux expositions des Ambulants (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Liste_des_participants_aux_expositions_des_Ambulants&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Liste des participants aux expositions des Ambulants<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"ru:\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u00ab\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en russe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u00ab\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb\">(ru)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image mise en avant : Membres des Ambulants en 1886. Assis, de gauche \u00e0 droite : Sergue\u00ef Ammossov, Aleksandre Kisseliov, Nikola\u00ef Nevrev, Vladimir Makovski, Aleksandre Litovtchenko, Illarion Prianichnikov, Kirill Lemokh, Ivan Kramsko\u00ef, Ilia R\u00e9pine, Ivanov, employ\u00e9 des Ambulants, Nikola\u00ef Makovski. Debout, de gauche \u00e0 droite: Grigori Miasso\u00efedov, Constantin Savitski, Vassili Polenov, Efim Volkov, Vassili Sourikov, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17369,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17285","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17285"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17370,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17285\/revisions\/17370"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}