{"id":11528,"date":"2024-08-26T15:05:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-26T13:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/?page_id=11528"},"modified":"2026-08-14T23:37:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T21:37:16","slug":"les-codex","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Codex"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex\">Les Codex<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\n<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Espaces de noms\">\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\n<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Outils de la page\">\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown\">\n<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools\" class=\"vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element\">\n<div id=\"p-coll-print_export\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export\">\n<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n<form>\n<div class=\"cdx-radio\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha19\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\">\n<section id=\"mwAQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"0\">\n<figure id=\"mwAw\" class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\"><a id=\"mwBA\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Devil_codex_Gigas.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwBQ\" class=\"mw-file-element aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/Devil_codex_Gigas.jpg\/250px-Devil_codex_Gigas.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/Devil_codex_Gigas.jpg\/500px-Devil_codex_Gigas.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" width=\"814\" height=\"560\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"413\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwBg\">Le\u00a0<i id=\"mwBw\"><a id=\"mwCA\" title=\"Codex Gigas\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Gigas\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Gigas<\/a><\/i>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwCQ\" title=\"XIIIe si\u00e8cle\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;XIII&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"13\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">XIII<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwCg\" title=\"Boh\u00e8me\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boh%C3%A8me\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Boh\u00e8me<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"mwCw\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un\u00a0<b id=\"mwDA\">codex<\/b>\u00a0(pluriel:\u00a0<i id=\"mwDg\">codex<\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-1&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwDw\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-1\"><span id=\"mwEA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwEQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span id=\"mwEg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"mwEw\" class=\"reference cite_virgule\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;,&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:,&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">,<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-2&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwFA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-2\"><span id=\"mwFQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwFg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span id=\"mwFw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"mwGA\" class=\"reference cite_virgule\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;,&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:,&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">,<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-3&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwGQ\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-3\"><span id=\"mwGg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwGw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span id=\"mwHA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0ou pluriel savant\u00a0<i id=\"mwHQ\">codices<\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-4&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwHg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-4\"><span id=\"mwHw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwIA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span id=\"mwIQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>) est un cahier form\u00e9 de pages manuscrites reli\u00e9es ensemble en forme de livre. Cet anc\u00eatre du livre moderne s&rsquo;est r\u00e9pandu dans le monde romain \u00e0 partir du\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwIg\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"1\u1d49\u02b3 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;I&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;er&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">I<\/span><sup>er<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, pour progressivement remplacer le rouleau de\u00a0<a id=\"mwIw\" title=\"Papyrus (papier)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papyrus_(papier)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">papyrus<\/a>\u00a0(le\u00a0<i id=\"mwJA\"><a id=\"mwJQ\" title=\"Volumen\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volumen\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">volumen<\/a><\/i>) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son faible encombrement, son co\u00fbt mod\u00e9r\u00e9, sa maniabilit\u00e9 et la possibilit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il offre d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der directement \u00e0 n&rsquo;importe quelle partie du texte. En s\u2019imposant d\u00e9finitivement au\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwJg\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"5\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;V&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">V<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, le codex constitue un changement de paradigme dans l\u2019histoire du livre en modifiant la forme m\u00eame du support de lecture tout en reprogrammant les gestes et les usages entourant la pratique<sup id=\"cite_ref-Zali_1999_5-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Zali 1999&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Zali_1999-5&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;sfn&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Sfn&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Zali 1999&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a id=\"mwJw\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Zali_1999-5\"><span id=\"mwKA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwKQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span id=\"mwKg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Les codex de Nag Hammadi | BAGLIS TV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/P2XSeOtbkpo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha19\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\">\n<section id=\"mwLA\" data-mw-section-id=\"1\" aria-labelledby=\"Origine_et_d\u00e9veloppement\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Origine_et_d\u00e9veloppement\">Origine et d\u00e9veloppement<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"mwLQ\" class=\"mw-default-size\"><a id=\"mwLg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Codex_Argenteus.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwLw\" class=\"mw-file-element aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8d\/Codex_Argenteus.jpg\/250px-Codex_Argenteus.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8d\/Codex_Argenteus.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" alt=\"photo d'un codex de couleur ocre\" width=\"668\" height=\"863\" data-file-width=\"286\" data-file-height=\"370\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwMA\">Premi\u00e8re page du\u00a0<a id=\"mwMQ\" title=\"Codex Argenteus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Argenteus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Argenteus<\/a>\u00a0(<abbr id=\"mwMg\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"6\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;VI&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">VI<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"mwMw\" class=\"mw-default-size\"><a id=\"mwNA\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:BL_Alphonso_Psalter.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwNQ\" class=\"mw-file-element aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/BL_Alphonso_Psalter.jpg\/250px-BL_Alphonso_Psalter.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/BL_Alphonso_Psalter.jpg\/500px-BL_Alphonso_Psalter.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" width=\"703\" height=\"1015\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"1155\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwNg\">Psautier d&rsquo;Alphonse. Vers 1281-1284. Le texte est vu comme partie d&rsquo;un tableau.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"mwNw\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 l&rsquo;origine, le codex\u00a0<span id=\"mwOA\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;incise&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Incise&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;le pluriel latin est \u00ab ''codices'' \u00bb&lt;ref name=\\&quot;:0\\&quot; \/&gt;&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u2014<\/span>\u00a0le pluriel latin est \u00ab\u00a0<i>codices<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_6-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:0&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwOQ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-:0-6\"><span id=\"mwOg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwOw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span id=\"mwPA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u00e9tait un assemblage de\u00a0<a id=\"mwPQ\" title=\"Tablette \u00e0 \u00e9crire\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tablette_%C3%A0_%C3%A9crire\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">tablettes de bois<\/a>\u00a0destin\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9criture, ce qui lui a donn\u00e9 son nom<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-7&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwPg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-7\"><span id=\"mwPw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwQA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>7<span id=\"mwQQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Au cours du\u00a0<a id=\"mwQg\" title=\"IIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;-s&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:-s&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;II&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"2\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">II<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr nowrap\" title=\"avant J\u00e9sus-Christ\">av. J.-C.<\/abbr><\/a>, les Romains substitu\u00e8rent aux planchettes de bois des feuilles de\u00a0<a id=\"mwQw\" title=\"Parchemin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parchemin\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">parchemin<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;group&quot;:&quot;n&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-8&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwRA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-8\" data-mw-group=\"n\"><span id=\"mwRQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwRg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>n 1<span id=\"mwRw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<span id=\"mwSA\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;mat\u00e9riau plus mince et plus souple qui se pr\u00eatait au pliage{{sfn|Zali 1999|p=37}}&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab\u00a0mat\u00e9riau plus mince et plus souple qui se pr\u00eatait au pliage<sup id=\"cite_ref-Zali_199937_9-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Zali 199937&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Zali_199937-9&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwSQ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Zali_199937-9\"><span id=\"mwSg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwSw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span id=\"mwTA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb<\/span>\u00a0afin d&rsquo;en faire un carnet de notes \u00e0 usage personnel, ainsi que l&rsquo;indique un t\u00e9moignage d&rsquo;<a id=\"mwTQ\" title=\"Horace\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horace\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Horace<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-10&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwTg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-10\"><span id=\"mwTw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwUA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span id=\"mwUQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>, pouvant \u00eatre dot\u00e9 d&rsquo;une couverture en\u00a0<a id=\"mwUg\" title=\"Cuir\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuir\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">cuir<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_6-1\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:0&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-6&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwUw\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-:0-6\"><span id=\"mwVA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwVQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span id=\"mwVg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Codex SERAPHINIANUS | Le Livre INTERDIT qui D\u00e9fie la Raison\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dSrQeta23kk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha19\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\">\n<section id=\"mwLA\" data-mw-section-id=\"1\" aria-labelledby=\"Origine_et_d\u00e9veloppement\">\n<p id=\"mwVw\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;utilisation du codex en tant que document officiel est attest\u00e9e \u00e0 la mort d&rsquo;Auguste, en\u00a0<a id=\"mwWA\" title=\"14\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">14 ap. J.-C.<\/a>\u00a0Un an avant celle-ci, il avait d\u00e9pos\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s des\u00a0<a id=\"mwWQ\" title=\"Vestale\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vestale\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">vestales<\/a>\u00a0quatre documents devant \u00eatre lus au S\u00e9nat apr\u00e8s sa disparition: testament, consignes fun\u00e9raires et \u00e9tat de l&rsquo;Empire pour les trois premiers, le contenu du quatri\u00e8me \u00e9tant discut\u00e9. Le tout \u00e9tait compos\u00e9 de deux\u00a0<i id=\"mwWw\">codices<\/i>\u00a0(les testaments) et de trois\u00a0<i id=\"mwXA\">volumina<\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-11&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwXQ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-11\"><span id=\"mwXg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwXw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span id=\"mwYA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwYQ\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est dans l&rsquo;\u0153uvre de\u00a0<a id=\"mwYg\" title=\"Martial (po\u00e8te)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martial_(po%C3%A8te)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Martial<\/a>\u00a0que l&rsquo;on trouve trace, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, de la publication d\u2019\u0153uvres litt\u00e9raires (<a id=\"mwYw\" title=\"Hom\u00e8re\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hom%C3%A8re\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Hom\u00e8re<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwZA\" title=\"Virgile\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virgile\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Virgile<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwZQ\" title=\"Tite-Live\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tite-Live\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Tite-Live<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwZg\" title=\"Ovide\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovide\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Ovide<\/a>) sous cette forme. Martial publia en 84 ou en 85 ses\u00a0<i id=\"mwZw\">Apophoreta<\/i>, reprises dans le livre 14 selon le d\u00e9coupage moderne. Il s&rsquo;agit de distiques qui d\u00e9crivent des lots-cadeaux lors des\u00a0<a id=\"mwaA\" title=\"Saturnales\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saturnales\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">saturnales<\/a>, dont ce qui para\u00eet bien \u00eatre des\u00a0<i id=\"mwaQ\">codices<\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-12&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwag\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-12\"><span id=\"mwaw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwbA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span id=\"mwbQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"mwbg\" class=\"reference cite_virgule\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;,&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:,&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">,<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-13&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwbw\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-13\"><span id=\"mwcA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwcQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span id=\"mwcg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>:\u00a0<span id=\"mwdA\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Dans ces petits [[v\u00e9lin]]s est contenu le grand Tite-Live, que ma biblioth\u00e8que ne peut contenir tout entier&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab\u00a0Dans ces petits\u00a0<a title=\"V\u00e9lin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%A9lin\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">v\u00e9lins<\/a>\u00a0est contenu le grand Tite-Live, que ma biblioth\u00e8que ne peut contenir tout entier\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-14&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwdQ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-14\"><span id=\"mwdg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwdw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span id=\"mweA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>(XIV, 190).<\/p>\n<p id=\"mweQ\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Par la suite, le codex sera adopt\u00e9 par les premiers\u00a0<a id=\"mweg\" title=\"Christianisme\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christianisme\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">chr\u00e9tiens<\/a>\u00a0pour faire circuler les textes sacr\u00e9s. Ce format\u00a0<span id=\"mwew\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;incise&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Incise&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;alors inhabituel pour des livres&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u2014<\/span>\u00a0alors inhabituel pour des livres\u00a0\u2014\u00a0permettait en effet de diff\u00e9rencier le texte des\u00a0<a id=\"mwfA\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u00c9vangiles\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89vangiles\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">\u00e9vangiles<\/a>\u00a0des\u00a0<i id=\"mwfQ\">volumina<\/i>\u00a0ainsi que des rouleaux sur lesquels les\u00a0<a id=\"mwfg\" title=\"Juifs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juifs\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">juifs<\/a>\u00a0\u00e9crivaient la\u00a0<a id=\"mwfw\" title=\"Torah\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torah\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Torah<\/a>\u00a0(<i id=\"mwgA\"><a id=\"mwgQ\" title=\"Sefer Torah\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sefer_Torah\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Sefer Torah<\/a><\/i>). D&rsquo;autre part, le format codex est plus compact et plus \u00e9conomique, car il permet l&rsquo;\u00e9criture des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la feuille. Enfin, \u00e9tant plus petit que le rouleau, il peut \u00eatre plus facilement transport\u00e9 par les \u00e9vang\u00e9lisateurs chr\u00e9tiens<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-15&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwgg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-15\"><span id=\"mwgw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwhA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span id=\"mwhQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. En somme, \u00e9crit\u00a0<a id=\"mwhg\" title=\"R\u00e9gis Debray\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9gis_Debray\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">R\u00e9gis Debray<\/a>,\u00a0<span id=\"mwhw\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;le christianisme a fait au monde antique de l\u2019\u00e9crit le m\u00eame coup que l\u2019imprimerie lui fera \u00e0 son tour mille ans plus tard : le coup du l\u00e9ger, du m\u00e9prisable, du portatif&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab\u00a0le christianisme a fait au monde antique de l\u2019\u00e9crit le m\u00eame coup que l\u2019imprimerie lui fera \u00e0 son tour mille ans plus tard\u00a0: le coup du l\u00e9ger, du m\u00e9prisable, du portatif\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-Debray_1991132_16-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Debray 1991132&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Debray_1991132-16&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;sfn&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Sfn&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Debray 1991&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;132&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a id=\"mwiA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Debray_1991132-16\"><span id=\"mwiQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwig\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>15<span id=\"mwiw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Le CODEX GIGAS, la BIBLE du DIABLE\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eBYTCxtgNro?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha19\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\">\n<section id=\"mwLA\" data-mw-section-id=\"1\" aria-labelledby=\"Origine_et_d\u00e9veloppement\">\n<p id=\"mwjA\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00eame si le rouleau de papyrus (<i id=\"mwjQ\"><a id=\"mwjg\" title=\"Volumen\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volumen\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">volumen<\/a><\/i>) \u00e9tait depuis tr\u00e8s longtemps le livre par excellence, il sera progressivement remplac\u00e9 par le codex entre les\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwjw\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"2\u1d49 si\u00e8cle \" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s2-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S2-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;II&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;IV&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">II<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0et\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"4\u1d49 si\u00e8cle \"><span class=\"romain\">IV<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cles. Cela n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 sans heurts, car les ouvrages en format codex manquaient du prestige attach\u00e9 au support traditionnel du savoir qu&rsquo;\u00e9tait le\u00a0<i id=\"mwkA\">volumen<\/i>, et n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme de vrais livres. Ainsi, au\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwkQ\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"3\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;III&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">III<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, un juge romain dut trancher un litige entre deux fils, dont l&rsquo;un avait h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des \u00ablivres\u00bb de son p\u00e8re: ce terme d\u00e9signait-il les seuls rouleaux de papyrus ou englobait-il aussi les codex? Le jugement qui en est r\u00e9sult\u00e9 \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s clair:\u00a0<span id=\"mwlw\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Les codex doivent aussi \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des livres. On regroupe sous l'appellation de livres non pas des rouleaux de papyrus, mais un mode d'\u00e9criture visant une fin d\u00e9termin\u00e9e&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab\u00a0Les codex doivent aussi \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des livres. On regroupe sous l&rsquo;appellation de livres non pas des rouleaux de papyrus, mais un mode d&rsquo;\u00e9criture visant une fin d\u00e9termin\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-17&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwmA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-17\"><span id=\"mwmQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwmg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>16<span id=\"mwmw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Dans cette perspective, la dominance du codex sur le papyrus s\u2019\u00e9tablit nettement au\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwnA\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"4\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;IV&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">IV<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, le papyrus perdant progressivement du terrain. Face \u00e0 l\u2019omnipr\u00e9sence du codex, le papyrus sera rel\u00e9gu\u00e9 \u00e0 occuper des r\u00f4les quelque peu honorifiques, qu\u2019ils soient diplomatiques ou liturgiques<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-18&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwnQ\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-18\"><span id=\"mwng\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwnw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>17<span id=\"mwoA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Les Codex Coraniques de Sanaa au Y\u00e9men\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4y4zRn5DgAA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha19\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\">\n<section id=\"mwLA\" data-mw-section-id=\"1\" aria-labelledby=\"Origine_et_d\u00e9veloppement\">\n<p id=\"mwoQ\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le remplacement du rouleau par le codex aura des cons\u00e9quences majeures sur l&rsquo;organisation du livre ainsi que sur la fa\u00e7on de lire, et il permettra le d\u00e9veloppement ult\u00e9rieur de l&rsquo;imprimerie. La principale r\u00e9volution introduite par le codex est la notion de\u00a0<a id=\"mwog\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Page (livre)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Page_(livre)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">page<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Vanden51_19-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Vanden51&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Vanden51-19&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwow\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Vanden51-19\"><span id=\"mwpA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwpQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>18<span id=\"mwpg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"mwpw\" class=\"reference cite_virgule\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;,&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:,&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">,<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-20&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwqA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-20\"><span id=\"mwqQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwqg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span id=\"mwqw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Avec le codex, le lecteur peut acc\u00e9der de mani\u00e8re directe \u00e0 un chapitre ou \u00e0 un passage du texte, alors que le rouleau impose une lecture continue. Cette r\u00e9volution est majeure:\u00a0<span id=\"mwrQ\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Il faudra vingt si\u00e8cles pour qu\u2019on se rende compte que l\u2019importance primordiale du codex pour notre civilisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 de permettre la lecture s\u00e9lective et non pas continue, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de structures mentales o\u00f9 le texte est dissoci\u00e9 de la parole et de son rythme&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab\u00a0Il faudra vingt si\u00e8cles pour qu\u2019on se rende compte que l\u2019importance primordiale du codex pour notre civilisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 de permettre la lecture s\u00e9lective et non pas continue, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de structures mentales o\u00f9 le texte est dissoci\u00e9 de la parole et de son rythme\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-Sirat_198821_21-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Sirat 198821&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Sirat_198821-21&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;sfn&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Sfn&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Sirat 1988&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;21&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a id=\"mwrg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Sirat_198821-21\"><span id=\"mwrw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwsA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>20<span id=\"mwsQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CODEX ROHONC- LE LIVRE LE PLUS MYST\u00c9RIEUX DU MONDE\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QiZXH7Gr8ag?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha19\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\">\n<section id=\"mwLA\" data-mw-section-id=\"1\" aria-labelledby=\"Origine_et_d\u00e9veloppement\">\n<p id=\"mwsg\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">En outre, avec le codex, le rapport physique au livre se modifie radicalement. Le rouleau devait \u00eatre tenu \u00e0 deux mains, et le lecteur devait m\u00eame parfois s&rsquo;aider de son menton pour assurer le bon d\u00e9roulement du\u00a0<i id=\"mwsw\">volumen<\/i>, laissant ainsi des marques qu&rsquo;un po\u00e8te latin juge d\u00e9go\u00fbtantes:\u00a0<span id=\"mwtQ\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Comme on aime une rose que vous offre la main qui l'a cueillie, ainsi on go\u00fbte un exemplaire neuf, que le menton n'a pas encore sali&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab\u00a0Comme on aime une rose que vous offre la main qui l&rsquo;a cueillie, ainsi on go\u00fbte un exemplaire neuf, que le menton n&rsquo;a pas encore sali\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-22&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwtg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-22\"><span id=\"mwtw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwuA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>21<span id=\"mwuQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Cela permet au lecteur de prendre un r\u00f4le plus dynamique:\u00a0<span id=\"mwuw\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;En lib\u00e9rant la main du lecteur, le codex lui permet de n\u2019\u00eatre plus le r\u00e9cepteur passif du texte, mais de s\u2019introduire \u00e0 son tour dans le cycle de l\u2019\u00e9criture par le jeu des annotations&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab\u00a0En lib\u00e9rant la main du lecteur, le codex lui permet de n\u2019\u00eatre plus le r\u00e9cepteur passif du texte, mais de s\u2019introduire \u00e0 son tour dans le cycle de l\u2019\u00e9criture par le jeu des annotations\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><sup id=\"cite_ref-Vanden51_19-1\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Vanden51&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwvA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Vanden51-19\"><span id=\"mwvQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwvg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>18<span id=\"mwvw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Le codex permet ainsi d\u2019\u00e9tablir une relation plus intime avec le lecteur, car il se tient pr\u00e8s du corps. De plus, il permet le feuilletage et l\u2019indexation, ainsi que le retour en arri\u00e8re, la prise de notes en marge et la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence d&rsquo;un passage donn\u00e9. Enfin, le codex ne court pas le risque de s\u2019\u00e9craser et il n\u2019a pas besoin d\u2019\u00eatre enroul\u00e9 et d\u00e9senroul\u00e9 avec soin<sup id=\"cite_ref-Zali_1999_5-1\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Zali 1999&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Zali_1999-5&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;sfn&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Sfn&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Zali 1999&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a id=\"mwwA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Zali_1999-5\"><span id=\"mwwQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwwg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span id=\"mwww\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwxA\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le codex pouvant rester ouvert sur une table, il encourage aussi le d\u00e9veloppement des\u00a0<a id=\"mwxQ\" title=\"Enluminure\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enluminure\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">enluminures<\/a>. L\u2019enluminure comprend l\u2019ensemble des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de d\u00e9corations pouvant orner un codex. On parle ici de miniatures, de bordures, de lettrines ou d\u2019initiales. Dans certains cas, il est possible de discerner des indications sur le sujet \u00e0 illustrer inscrit par le\u00a0<a id=\"mwxg\" title=\"Copiste\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copiste\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">copiste<\/a>\u00a0dans la marge d\u2019une page. Tous les codices ne sont cependant pas d\u00e9cor\u00e9s. Ceux destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement ou \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude pr\u00e9sentent des pages d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es d\u2019enluminure et de couleur par volont\u00e9 de modestie ou par \u00e9conomie. Ceux command\u00e9s par de hauts princes ou seigneurs sont le plus souvent richement orn\u00e9s<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_23-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:2&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-:2-23&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwxw\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-:2-23\"><span id=\"mwyA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwyQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>22<span id=\"mwyg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"mwyw\" class=\"mw-default-size\"><a id=\"mwzA\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vergilius_Augusteus,_Georgica_141.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwzQ\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/82\/Vergilius_Augusteus%2C_Georgica_141.jpg\/250px-Vergilius_Augusteus%2C_Georgica_141.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/82\/Vergilius_Augusteus%2C_Georgica_141.jpg\/500px-Vergilius_Augusteus%2C_Georgica_141.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"325\" data-file-width=\"812\" data-file-height=\"1055\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwzg\">Vergilius Augusteus, Georgica 141.\u00a0<i id=\"mwzw\">Scriptura Continua<\/i>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"mw0A\">Au fil des si\u00e8cles, le codex\u00a0<span id=\"mw0Q\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;incise&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Incise&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;qu'on d\u00e9signe le plus souvent comme un [[manuscrit]]&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u2014<\/span>\u00a0qu&rsquo;on d\u00e9signe le plus souvent comme un\u00a0<a title=\"Manuscrit\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuscrit\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">manuscrit<\/a>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0va \u00e9voluer et se donner peu \u00e0 peu les attributs du livre moderne:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mw0w\">\n<li id=\"mw1A\"><i id=\"mw1Q\">La s\u00e9paration entre les mots<\/i>\u00a0permet de passer du format compact,\u00a0<i id=\"mw1g\">scriptural continua<\/i>\u00a0des premiers codex, o\u00f9 les lectures orales pr\u00e9dominaient, le lecteur ajoutant des pauses, \u00e0 une forme plus lisible. Au\u00a0<abbr id=\"mw1w\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"7\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;S-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;VII&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">VII<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, les moines irlandais n&rsquo;arrivaient pas \u00e0 lire le latin et commenc\u00e8rent \u00e0 s\u00e9parer les mots les uns des autres<sup class=\"need_ref_tag\"><a title=\"Aide:R\u00e9f\u00e9rence n\u00e9cessaire\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"><span title=\"Ce passage n\u00e9cessite une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; voir l'aide.\">[r\u00e9f.\u00a0n\u00e9cessaire]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mw2Q\"><i id=\"mw2g\">La\u00a0<a id=\"mw2w\" title=\"Ponctuation\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ponctuation\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">ponctuation<\/a><\/i>\u00a0sert \u00e0 structurer le texte pour am\u00e9liorer sa lisibilit\u00e9. Utilisant des signes graphiques, on voit appara\u00eetre les anc\u00eatres du point, points-virgules et virgules (\u00abpoint d&rsquo;en haut\u00bb, \u00abpoint m\u00e9dian\u00bb et \u00abpoint d&rsquo;en bas\u00bb respectivement) aux\u00a0<abbr id=\"mw4g\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"3\u1d49 si\u00e8cle \" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;-s2-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:-s2-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;III&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;II&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">III<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0et\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"2\u1d49 si\u00e8cle \"><span class=\"romain\">II<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cles\u00a0<abbr id=\"mw4w\" class=\"abbr nowrap\" title=\"avant J\u00e9sus-Christ\">av. J.-C.<\/abbr>, d\u00e9finis par l&rsquo;alphabet grec. Plus tard, au\u00a0<a id=\"mw5A\" title=\"Moyen \u00c2ge\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moyen_%C3%82ge\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Moyen \u00c2ge<\/a>, les ponctuations vont se peaufiner.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mw5Q\">Le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;une \u00e9criture minuscule au lieu des lettres capitales ou de grand format, qui remplace au d\u00e9but du\u00a0<abbr id=\"mw5g\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"9\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;IX&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">IX<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle\u00a0l&rsquo;<a id=\"mw5w\" title=\"Onciale\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Onciale\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">onciale<\/a>\u00a0par la\u00a0<a id=\"mw6A\" title=\"Minuscule caroline\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minuscule_caroline\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">minuscule caroline<\/a>, \u00e9criture plus fine, d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution plus rapide et de lecture plus commode<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-24&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mw6Q\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-24\"><span id=\"mw6g\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mw6w\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>23<span id=\"mw7A\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mw7Q\"><i id=\"mw7g\">La\u00a0<a id=\"mw7w\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Table des mati\u00e8res\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Table_des_mati%C3%A8res\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">table des mati\u00e8res<\/a><\/i>\u00a0d\u00e9taillant l&rsquo;ensemble des parties et sous-parties d&rsquo;un texte. Au Moyen \u00c2ge, celle-ci \u00e9tait plac\u00e9e en d\u00e9but de livre mais il \u00e9tait rare d&rsquo;en trouver.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mw8A\"><i id=\"mw8Q\">Le titre courant<\/i>\u00a0est un rappel du titre du livre, ou d&rsquo;une partie du livre, sur les pages concern\u00e9es. Son utilisation commence \u00e0 se r\u00e9pandre au\u00a0<abbr id=\"mw8g\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"13\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;S-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;XIII&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">XIII<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-25&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mw8w\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-25\"><span id=\"mw9A\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mw9Q\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>24<span id=\"mw9g\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mw9w\"><i id=\"mw-A\">La\u00a0<a id=\"mw-Q\" title=\"Pied-de-mouche\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pied-de-mouche\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">marque de paragraphe<\/a><\/i>\u00a0se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralise \u00e0 partir du\u00a0<abbr id=\"mw-g\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"11\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;XI&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">XI<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mw-w\"><i id=\"mw_A\">La pagination<\/i>\u00a0ou num\u00e9rotation des pages se r\u00e9pand avec le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;imprimerie, d\u00e8s 1470.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mw_Q\"><i id=\"mw_g\">L&rsquo;<a id=\"mw_w\" title=\"Index terminologique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Index_terminologique\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">index<\/a><\/i>\u00a0sert \u00e0 retrouver un mot pr\u00e9cis \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur d&rsquo;un texte. C&rsquo;est au\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAQA\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"13\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;S-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;XIII&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">XIII<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle\u00a0que commence \u00e0 se r\u00e9pandre cette technique, qui suppose une parfaite maitrise de l&rsquo;orthographe. Il est en quelque sorte l&rsquo;anc\u00eatre du dictionnaire et deviendra plus tard le principe sur lequel se base toute recherche<sup id=\"cite_ref-Vandendorpe_199951-53_26-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Vandendorpe 199951-53&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Vandendorpe_199951-53-26&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;sfn&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Sfn&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Vandendorpe 1999&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;51-53&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a id=\"mwAQE\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Vandendorpe_199951-53-26\"><span id=\"mwAQI\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAQM\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>25<span id=\"mwAQQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"mwAQU\" class=\"mw-default-size\"><a id=\"mwAQY\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fasti_ecclesiae_Anglicanae_Vol.1_index_of_names.djvu?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwAQc\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/Fasti_ecclesiae_Anglicanae_Vol.1_index_of_names.djvu\/page1-250px-Fasti_ecclesiae_Anglicanae_Vol.1_index_of_names.djvu.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/Fasti_ecclesiae_Anglicanae_Vol.1_index_of_names.djvu\/page1-500px-Fasti_ecclesiae_Anglicanae_Vol.1_index_of_names.djvu.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"645\" height=\"1099\" data-file-width=\"1960\" data-file-height=\"3339\" data-file-type=\"office\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwAQg\"><i id=\"mwAQk\">Fasti ecclesiae Anglicanae<\/i>, Vol.1,\u00a0<i id=\"mwAQo\">index of names<\/i>. Exemple d&rsquo;index.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul id=\"mwAQs\">\n<li id=\"mwAQw\"><a id=\"mwAQ0\" title=\"Page de titre\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Page_de_titre\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Page de titre<\/a>. Lorsque l&rsquo;on passe de l&rsquo;\u00e8re du manuscrit \u00e0 celle du livre imprim\u00e9, la page de titre fait finalement son apparition, vers 1475-1480<sup id=\"cite_ref-Febvre_&amp;_Martin_1958153_27-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Febvre &amp; Martin 1958153&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-Febvre_&amp;_Martin_1958153-27&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;sfn&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Sfn&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Febvre &amp; Martin 1958&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;153&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a id=\"mwAQ4\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-Febvre_&amp;_Martin_1958153-27\"><span id=\"mwAQ8\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwARA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>26<span id=\"mwARE\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Le livre moderne a alors atteint sa forme famili\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"mwARI\" class=\"timeline-wrapper\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;timeline&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;extsrc&quot;:&quot;\\n# d\u00e9finition de la taille de la frise\\nImageSize  = width:550  height:150                     # taille totale de l'image : largeur, hauteur\\nPlotArea   = width:450  height:95  left:50  bottom:40  # taille r\u00e9elle de la frise au sein de l'image\\nDateFormat = yyyy                                      # format des dates utilis\u00e9es\\nPeriod     = from:-200  till:2007                       # laps de temps (de ... \u00e0 ...)\\nTimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal                    # orientation de la frise (verticale ou horizontale)\\nScaleMajor = unit:year  increment:200  start:0        # incr\u00e9ment temporel (majeur)\\n\\n# d\u00e9finition des donn\u00e9es de la frise\\nPlotData=\\n  # d\u00e9finition de la premi\u00e8re barre : 45 pixels de large, etc.\\n  bar:livre  color:yellow  width:45  mark:(line,white)  align:left  fontsize:M\\n  from: start till:2007 shift:(-15,30) \\n  at:-200 mark:(line, black) shift:(0,30) textcolor:black fontsize:8 text:[[Papyrus (papier)|Papyrus]]\\n  at:0 mark:(line, black) shift:(0,30) textcolor:black fontsize:8 text: [[Parchemin]]\\n  at:1300 mark:(line, black) shift:(-15,30) textcolor:black fontsize:8 text:[[Papier]]\\n  at:1440 mark:(line, black) shift:(0,30) textcolor:black fontsize:8 text:Invention de la typographie\\n  bar:Evolution  color: blue  width:45  mark:(line,white)  align:left  fontsize:M\\n  bar:Evolution  color:blue from: start till: 0  shift:(-30,-60) textcolor:blue text:[[Volumen]]\\n  bar:Evolution  color:red from: 0 till: 1440  shift:(-15,-60) textcolor:blue text:Codex \/ Manuscrit\\n  bar:Evolution  color:green from: 1440 till: 1500  shift:(-15,-60) textcolor:green text:[[Incunable]]\\n  bar:Evolution  color:orange from: 1500 till: 2007  shift:(-30,0)text:Livre actuel\\n&quot;}}\">\n<map name=\"timeline_0zy8ihgu32xvjf6y5dyf2dpwwx7gxc0\">\n<area title=\"Incunable\" alt=\"Incunable\" coords=\"360,131,458,154\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incunable\" \/>\n<area title=\"Volumen\" alt=\"Volumen\" coords=\"25,131,110,154\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volumen\" \/>\n<area title=\"Papier\" alt=\"Papier\" coords=\"325,-3,395,17\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papier\" \/>\n<area title=\"Parchemin\" alt=\"Parchemin\" coords=\"75,-3,167,17\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parchemin\" \/>\n<area title=\"Papyrus (papier)\" alt=\"Papyrus (papier)\" coords=\"35,-3,110,17\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papyrus_(papier)\" \/>\n <\/map>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/fr\/timeline\/0zy8ihgu32xvjf6y5dyf2dpwwx7gxc0.png\" usemap=\"#timeline_0zy8ihgu32xvjf6y5dyf2dpwwx7gxc0\" \/><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwARM\" data-mw-section-id=\"2\" aria-labelledby=\"Extension_du_terme\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Extension_du_terme\">Extension du terme<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"mwARQ\">Par extension, le terme\u00a0<i id=\"mwARU\">codex<\/i>\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 employ\u00e9 pour d\u00e9signer des recueils de lois (comme le\u00a0<i id=\"mwARY\"><a id=\"mwARc\" title=\"Code de Th\u00e9odose\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Code_de_Th%C3%A9odose\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Theodosianus<\/a><\/i>) d&rsquo;o\u00f9 le nom de\u00a0<a id=\"mwARg\" title=\"Liste de codes juridiques\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liste_de_codes_juridiques\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Code<\/a>\u00a0employ\u00e9 aujourd&rsquo;hui.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwARk\">Le codex comme objet est \u00e9tudi\u00e9 par une science sp\u00e9cifique: la\u00a0<a id=\"mwARs\" title=\"Codicologie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codicologie\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">codicologie<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwARw\" data-mw-section-id=\"3\" aria-labelledby=\"Composition_du_codex\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Composition_du_codex\">Composition du codex<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"mwAR0\">Le codex se compose de\u00a0<i id=\"mwAR4\">cahiers<\/i>\u00a0r\u00e9sultant du pliage des\u00a0<i id=\"mwAR8\">feuilles<\/i>\u00a0dont il se compose. Le pli d&rsquo;une feuille de parchemin (ou ult\u00e9rieurement de papier) produit un\u00a0<i id=\"mwASA\">bifeuillet<\/i>, soit deux\u00a0<i id=\"mwASE\">feuillets<\/i>\u00a0ou quatre\u00a0<i id=\"mwASI\">pages<\/i>. On parle alors d&rsquo;un format\u00a0<i id=\"mwASM\"><a id=\"mwASQ\" title=\"In-folio\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/In-folio\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">in folio<\/a><\/i>. Si le bifeuillet est \u00e0 nouveau pli\u00e9 en deux, c&rsquo;est un\u00a0<i id=\"mwASU\"><a id=\"mwASY\" title=\"In-quarto\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/In-quarto\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">in-quarto<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(deux bifeuillets, quatre feuillets, huit pages), puis un\u00a0<i id=\"mwASc\"><span id=\"mwASg\" class=\"page_h\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;page h'&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Page_h'&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;In-octavo&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;in octavo&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a title=\"In-octavo\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/In-octavo\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">in octavo<\/a><\/span><\/i>\u00a0(quatre bifeuillets, huit feuillets, seize pages) ou un\u00a0<i id=\"mwASk\"><a id=\"mwASo\" title=\"In-duodecimo\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/In-duodecimo\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">in-duodecimo<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(six bifeuillets, douze feuillets, vingt-quatre pages)<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-28&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwASs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-28\"><span id=\"mwASw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAS0\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>27<span id=\"mwAS4\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"mwAS8\"><a id=\"mwATA\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wooden_boards_for_half_binding_-_CBL_Cpt_803.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwATE\" class=\"mw-file-element aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Wooden_boards_for_half_binding_-_CBL_Cpt_803.jpg\/250px-Wooden_boards_for_half_binding_-_CBL_Cpt_803.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Wooden_boards_for_half_binding_-_CBL_Cpt_803.jpg\/500px-Wooden_boards_for_half_binding_-_CBL_Cpt_803.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Reliure \u00e9gyptienne du troisi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle : ais de bois et cuir dor\u00e9.\" width=\"803\" height=\"580\" data-file-width=\"1720\" data-file-height=\"1248\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwATI\"><a id=\"mwATM\" title=\"Ais (typographie)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ais_(typographie)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Ais<\/a>\u00a0de bois avec cuir dor\u00e9. \u00c9gypte, probablement\u00a0<a id=\"mwATQ\" title=\"IIIe si\u00e8cle\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;III&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"3\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">III<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle<\/a>.\u00a0<a id=\"mwATU\" title=\"Biblioth\u00e8que Chester-Beatty\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Chester-Beatty\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Biblioth\u00e8que Chester-Beatty<\/a>, Cpt 803.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"mwATY\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu le format souhait\u00e9, les bifeuillets, dont le bord a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9coup\u00e9, sont \u00e9ventuellement embo\u00eet\u00e9s les uns dans les autres, et r\u00e9unis par un fil de couture. Deux bifeuillets produisent un\u00a0<i id=\"mwATc\">binion<\/i>, puis, respectivement un\u00a0<i id=\"mwATg\">trinion<\/i>, un\u00a0<i id=\"mwATk\">quaternion<\/i>\u00a0(c&rsquo;est le cas le plus fr\u00e9quent pour les parchemins latins non italiens, et c&rsquo;est de ce mot que d\u00e9rive le terme\u00a0<i id=\"mwATo\">cahier<\/i>),\u00a0<i id=\"mwATs\">quinion<\/i>,\u00a0<i id=\"mwATw\">s\u00e9nion<\/i>,\u00a0<i id=\"mwAT0\">sept\u00e9nion, octonion<\/i>, puis cahier form\u00e9 de neuf bifeuillets, etc.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAT4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le\u00a0<a id=\"mwAT8\" title=\"Parchemin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parchemin\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">parchemin<\/a>\u00a0est fabriqu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la peau d\u2019un animal, le plus souvent de la peau d\u2019un veau, d\u2019un porc ou d\u2019une ch\u00e8vre. La composition du codex s\u2019en voit modifi\u00e9e selon la rigueur de la technique de fabrication artisanale et le type de peau utilis\u00e9. Des marques ou des stries caus\u00e9es par les instruments de l\u2019artisan peuvent s\u2019y trouver, souvent dans les codices de prix modiques<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_23-1\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:2&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwAUA\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-:2-23\"><span id=\"mwAUE\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAUI\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>22<span id=\"mwAUM\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAUQ\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le format est le plus souvent rectangulaire, mais \u00e0 certaines \u00e9poques il peut \u00eatre carr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAUU\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Au d\u00e9but, les cahiers sont cousus. Pour les gros ouvrages, on utilise comme\u00a0<a id=\"mwAUY\" title=\"Reliure\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reliure\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">reliure<\/a>\u00a0des pi\u00e8ces de bois, de\u00a0<a id=\"mwAUc\" title=\"Carton (mat\u00e9riau)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carton_(mat%C3%A9riau)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">carton<\/a>\u00a0ou d&rsquo;autre mat\u00e9riau entre lesquelles sont assembl\u00e9es les feuilles. Dans le but de prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la reliure, il arrivait qu\u2019une couverture soit appos\u00e9e sur sa surface. Un des mat\u00e9riaux les plus utilis\u00e9s est le cuir tann\u00e9. Ce dernier permet beaucoup de souplesse et de r\u00e9sistance en plus d\u2019offrir une surface pouvant \u00eatre grav\u00e9e avec des outils en m\u00e9tal pour y apposer diff\u00e9rents types de d\u00e9coration. Pour ce faire, une pi\u00e8ce de cuir tann\u00e9e est appos\u00e9e sur la reliure en bois et ensuite repli\u00e9e sur les coins int\u00e9rieurs. Dans certains cas, les couvertures pouvaient \u00eatre compos\u00e9es de mat\u00e9riaux luxueux tels que de l\u2019ivoire, de m\u00e9taux pr\u00e9cieux, de perles et de gemmes. Ces derniers \u00e9taient assembl\u00e9s ind\u00e9pendamment par un orf\u00e8vre et ensuite clou\u00e9s sur la pi\u00e8ce de bois de la reliure<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_29-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:3&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-:3-29&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwAUg\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-:3-29\"><span id=\"mwAUk\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAUo\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>28<span id=\"mwAUs\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAUw\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Durant la p\u00e9riode de l\u2019<a id=\"mwAU0\" title=\"Antiquit\u00e9 tardive\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiquit%C3%A9_tardive\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">antiquit\u00e9 tardive<\/a>, des preuves iconographiques d\u00e9montrent que la plupart des codices avaient une sorte de rabat ou d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment de fixation pour les garder ferm\u00e9s\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_29-1\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:3&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwAU4\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-:3-29\"><span id=\"mwAU8\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAVA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>28<span id=\"mwAVE\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwAVI\" data-mw-section-id=\"4\" aria-labelledby=\"Les_codex_m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricains\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Les_codex_m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricains\">Les codex m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricains<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"mwAVM\" class=\"mw-default-size\"><a id=\"mwAVQ\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Telleriano-Remensis_Codex_sacrifice.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwAVU\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Telleriano-Remensis_Codex_sacrifice.jpg\/250px-Telleriano-Remensis_Codex_sacrifice.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Telleriano-Remensis_Codex_sacrifice.jpg\/500px-Telleriano-Remensis_Codex_sacrifice.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" width=\"859\" height=\"450\" data-file-width=\"1149\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwAVY\">Sur ce codex, repr\u00e9sentation de\u00a0<a id=\"mwAVc\" title=\"Sacrifice humain\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sacrifice_humain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">sacrifices humains<\/a>\u00a0pour pr\u00e9venir la s\u00e9cheresse.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"mwAVg\" class=\"bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Article d\u00e9taill\u00e9&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Article_d\u00e9taill\u00e9&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Codex m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricain&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\n<div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe\">Article d\u00e9taill\u00e9\u00a0:\u00a0<a title=\"Codex m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricain\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_m%C3%A9soam%C3%A9ricain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricain<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"mwAVk\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les civilisations m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaines (<a id=\"mwAVo\" title=\"Olm\u00e8ques\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olm%C3%A8ques\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Olm\u00e8ques<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwAVs\" title=\"Zapot\u00e8ques\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zapot%C3%A8ques\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Zapot\u00e8ques<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwAVw\" title=\"Mayas\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayas\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Mayas<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwAV0\" title=\"Tolt\u00e8ques\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tolt%C3%A8ques\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Tolt\u00e8ques<\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"mwAV4\" title=\"Azt\u00e8ques\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azt%C3%A8ques\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Azt\u00e8ques<\/a>, etc.) ont invent\u00e9 \u00e9criture et papier ind\u00e9pendamment de l&rsquo;Eurasie. Les Azt\u00e8ques produisaient un papier \u00e0 base de\u00a0<a id=\"mwAV8\" title=\"Liber (biologie)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liber_(biologie)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">liber<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a id=\"mwAWA\" title=\"Ficus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ficus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">ficus<\/a>\u00a0nomm\u00e9\u00a0<i id=\"mwAWE\"><a id=\"mwAWI\" title=\"Papier d'amate\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papier_d'amate\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">amatl<\/a><\/i>, ce papier \u00e9tait nomm\u00e9\u00a0<i id=\"mwAWM\"><a id=\"mwAWQ\" title=\"Papier d'amate\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papier_d'amate\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">huun<\/a><\/i>\u00a0chez les Mayas. On parle aussi de\u00a0<i id=\"mwAWU\">codex<\/i>\u00a0pour d\u00e9signer leurs ouvrages contenant dessins et l\u00e9gendes. Ces ouvrages se d\u00e9plient en accord\u00e9on et sont appel\u00e9s des\u00a0<a id=\"mwAWY\" title=\"Leporello (livre)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leporello_(livre)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">leporellos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAWc\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces ouvrages, on peut suivre l&rsquo;\u00e9volution au fil du temps de la graphie et de la s\u00e9miologie des Mayas et des Azt\u00e8ques.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAWg\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il ne reste que quatre leporellos mayas. Le plus connu est le\u00a0<a id=\"mwAWk\" title=\"Codex de Dresde\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_de_Dresde\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">codex de Dresde<\/a>. Achet\u00e9 par la Biblioth\u00e8que de la cour de Dresde en 1739, il est compos\u00e9 de 39 feuillets d\u2019environ 358 centim\u00e8tres de long et contient des hi\u00e9roglyphes, des personnages, des calculs sur les phases de V\u00e9nus, les \u00e9clipses du Soleil et de la lune, en plus de calendriers rituels et divinatoires<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-30&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwAWo\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-30\"><span id=\"mwAWs\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAWw\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>29<span id=\"mwAW0\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Le leporello le plus long est le\u00a0<a id=\"mwAW4\" title=\"Codex Tro-Cortesianus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Tro-Cortesianus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Tro-Cortesianus<\/a>\u00a0conserv\u00e9 \u00e0 Madrid; il contient notamment des chapitres sur l&rsquo;apiculture et les c\u00e9r\u00e9monies agricoles. Les deux autres sont le\u00a0<a id=\"mwAXA\" title=\"Codex Grolier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Grolier\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Grolier<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 Mexico et le\u00a0<a id=\"mwAXE\" title=\"Codex de Paris\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_de_Paris\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Peresianus<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 Paris.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwAXI\" data-mw-section-id=\"5\" aria-labelledby=\"Les_codex_asiatiques\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Les_codex_asiatiques\">Les codex asiatiques<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"mwAXM\" class=\"mw-default-size\"><a id=\"mwAXQ\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:P1080706.jpg?uselang=fr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwAXU\" class=\"mw-file-element aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/P1080706.jpg\/250px-P1080706.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/P1080706.jpg\/500px-P1080706.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"832\" height=\"622\" data-file-width=\"640\" data-file-height=\"480\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"mwAXY\">Codex\u00a0<a id=\"mwAXc\" title=\"Dongba\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongba\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">dongba<\/a>, Chine.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"mwAXg\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">En\u00a0<a id=\"mwAXk\" title=\"Chine\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chine\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Chine<\/a>, les premiers livres, attest\u00e9s jusqu&rsquo;au\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAXo\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"3\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;III&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">III<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle\u00a0sont faits d&rsquo;\u00e9troites lattes de bois, larges de cinq \u00e0 dix centim\u00e8tres et longues de 30 \u00e0\u00a0<span id=\"mwAXs\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;unit\u00e9&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Unit\u00e9&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;60&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;centim\u00e8tres&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">60\u00a0centim\u00e8tres<\/span>, sur lesquelles le scribe alignait les caract\u00e8res verticalement, et qui \u00e9taient reli\u00e9es en rouleau, qui se lisaient de droite \u00e0 gauche. Par la suite, ils sont remplac\u00e9s par un rouleau compos\u00e9 de feuilles de\u00a0<a id=\"mwAXw\" title=\"Papier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papier\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">papier<\/a>\u00a0ou, pour des ouvrages luxueux, par de la\u00a0<a id=\"mwAX0\" title=\"Soie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soie\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">soie<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-31&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwAX4\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-31\"><span id=\"mwAX8\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAYA\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>30<span id=\"mwAYE\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAYI\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 partir du\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAYM\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"10\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;X&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">X<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;imprimerie entra\u00eenera l&rsquo;abandon du rouleau au profit du codex, dont les cahiers, d&rsquo;abord simplement encoll\u00e9s, seront cousus \u00e0 partir du\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAYQ\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"15\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;s-&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:S-&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;XV&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span class=\"romain\">XV<\/span><sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0si\u00e8cle. L&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de base du livre devient la feuille de papier. Avec la reliure en papillon, une seule face de la feuille est imprim\u00e9e et celle-ci est pli\u00e9e en deux, face vierge vers l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-32&quot;}}\"><a id=\"mwAYU\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#cite_note-32\"><span id=\"mwAYY\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"><span id=\"mwAYc\" class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>31<span id=\"mwAYg\" class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mwAYk\">Dans les ouvrages\u00a0<a id=\"mwAYo\" title=\"Tib\u00e9tain\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tib%C3%A9tain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">tib\u00e9tains<\/a>\u00a0ou\u00a0<a id=\"mwAYs\" title=\"Dongba\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongba\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">dongba<\/a>, la reliure est situ\u00e9e au sommet.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwAYw\" data-mw-section-id=\"6\" aria-labelledby=\"Les_codex_africains\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Les_codex_africains\">Les codex africains<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"mwAY0\">Le\u00a0<i id=\"mwAY4\"><a id=\"mwAY8\" title=\"Gadla Sama'tat\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gadla_Sama'tat\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Gadla Sama&rsquo;tat<\/a><\/i>\u00a0est un recueil de\u00a0<i id=\"mwAZA\"><a id=\"mwAZE\" title=\"Vita\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vita\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">vitae<\/a><\/i>\u00a0\u00e9crit en\u00a0<a id=\"mwAZI\" title=\"Gu\u00e8ze\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gu%C3%A8ze\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">gu\u00e8ze<\/a>, langue\u00a0<a id=\"mwAZM\" title=\"\u00c9thiopie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89thiopie\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">\u00e9thiopienne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwAZQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"7\" aria-labelledby=\"Liste_de_codex_en_Occident\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Liste_de_codex_en_Occident\">Liste de codex en Occident<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mwAZU\" class=\"colonnes\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Colonnes&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Colonnes&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;nombre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;3&quot;},&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;\\n* [[Codex Alexandrinus]]\\n* [[Codex Apor]]\\n* [[Codex Argenteus]]\\n* [[Codex Atlanticus]]\\n* Codex Berolinensis (ou [[codex de Berlin]])\\n* [[Codex Bezae|Codex Bezae (Cantabrigiensis)]]\\n* [[Codex Borbonicus]]\\n* [[Codex Borgia]]\\n* [[Codex canadensis]]\\n* [[Codex Calixtinus]]\\n* [[Codex Claromontanus]]\\n* [[Codex Corbeiensis]]\\n* [[Codex Cumanicus]]\\n* [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]]\\n* [[Codex Gigas]]\\n* [[\u00c9cole de Notre-Dame de Paris (musique)#Codex Las Huelgas (Burgos)|Codex Las Huelgas]]\\n* [[Codex Laud]]\\n* [[Codex Leicester]]\\n* [[Codex Manesse]]\\n* [[Codex Mendoza]]\\n* [[Codex Mart\u00ednez Compa\u00f1\u00f3n]]\\n* [[Codex de Munich]]\\n* [[Codex Regius]]\\n* [[Codex de Roda]]\\n* [[Codex Rustici]]\\n* [[Codex Squarcialupi]]\\n* [[Codex Sinaiticus]]\\n* [[Codex Vaticanus]]\\n* [[Codex de Vienne (B\u00e9cs)]]\\n* [[Codex Villarensis]]\\n* [[Codex de Wiesbaden]]\\n* [[Codex Zacynthius]]\\n* ''[[Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae sistematisatae per celeberrimos Artis hujus Magistros]]''\\n* [[Liste des manuscrits du Nouveau Testament en onciales grecques]]\\n* [[Manuscrit de Voynich]]\\n&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Alexandrinus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Alexandrinus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Alexandrinus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Apor\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Apor\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Apor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Argenteus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Argenteus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Argenteus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Atlanticus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Atlanticus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Atlanticus<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Codex Berolinensis (ou\u00a0<a title=\"Codex de Berlin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_de_Berlin\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">codex de Berlin<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Bezae\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Bezae\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Bezae (Cantabrigiensis)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Borbonicus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Borbonicus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Borbonicus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Borgia\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Borgia\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Borgia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex canadensis\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_canadensis\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex canadensis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Calixtinus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Calixtinus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Calixtinus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Claromontanus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Claromontanus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Claromontanus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Corbeiensis\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Corbeiensis\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Corbeiensis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Cumanicus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Cumanicus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Cumanicus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Gigas\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Gigas\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Gigas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u00c9cole de Notre-Dame de Paris (musique)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89cole_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(musique)#Codex_Las_Huelgas_(Burgos)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Las Huelgas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Laud\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Laud\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Laud<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Leicester\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Leicester\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Leicester<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Manesse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Manesse\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Manesse<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Mendoza\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Mendoza\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Mendoza<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Mart\u00ednez Compa\u00f1\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Mart%C3%ADnez_Compa%C3%B1%C3%B3n\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Mart\u00ednez Compa\u00f1\u00f3n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex de Munich\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_de_Munich\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex de Munich<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Regius\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Regius\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Regius<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex de Roda\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_de_Roda\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex de Roda<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Rustici\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Rustici\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Rustici<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Squarcialupi\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Squarcialupi\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Squarcialupi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Sinaiticus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Sinaiticus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Sinaiticus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Vaticanus\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Vaticanus\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Vaticanus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex de Vienne (B\u00e9cs)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_de_Vienne_(B%C3%A9cs)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex de Vienne (B\u00e9cs)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Villarensis\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Villarensis\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Villarensis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex de Wiesbaden\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_de_Wiesbaden\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex de Wiesbaden<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Codex Zacynthius\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_Zacynthius\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex Zacynthius<\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><a title=\"Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae sistematisatae per celeberrimos Artis hujus Magistros\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compendium_rarissimum_totius_Artis_Magicae_sistematisatae_per_celeberrimos_Artis_hujus_Magistros\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae sistematisatae per celeberrimos Artis hujus Magistros<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Liste des manuscrits du Nouveau Testament en onciales grecques\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liste_des_manuscrits_du_Nouveau_Testament_en_onciales_grecques\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Liste des manuscrits du Nouveau Testament en onciales grecques<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Manuscrit de Voynich\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuscrit_de_Voynich\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Manuscrit de Voynich<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwAZY\" data-mw-section-id=\"8\" aria-labelledby=\"Notes_et_r\u00e9f\u00e9rences\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Notes_et_r\u00e9f\u00e9rences\">Notes et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"mwAZc\" data-mw-section-id=\"9\" aria-labelledby=\"Notes\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\">\n<h3 id=\"Notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mwAZg\" class=\"references-small decimal\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;R\u00e9f\u00e9rences&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:R\u00e9f\u00e9rences&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;groupe&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;n&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\n<div id=\"mwAZk\" class=\"mw-references-wrap\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;references&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;responsive&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;n&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;extsrc&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}\">\n<ol id=\"mwAZo\" class=\"mw-references references\" data-mw-group=\"n\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"1\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\" data-mw-group=\"n\">Comme le note\u00a0<a id=\"mwAZ4\" title=\"Roger Chartier\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Chartier\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Roger Chartier<\/a>\u00a0dans son compte rendu de l&rsquo;ouvrage de Filippo Ronconi,\u00a0<span id=\"mwAZ8\" class=\"citation\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;citation&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Citation&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;la conservation exceptionnelle de ''codices'' en papyrus dans les sables d'\u00c9gypte ne doit pas \u00e9garer: ils ne sont qu'un \u00abajustement local\u00bb utilisant le mat\u00e9riau le plus imm\u00e9diatement disponible&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00abla conservation exceptionnelle de\u00a0<i id=\"mwAaE\">codices<\/i>\u00a0en papyrus dans les sables d&rsquo;\u00c9gypte ne doit pas \u00e9garer: ils ne sont qu&rsquo;un \u00abajustement local\u00bb utilisant le mat\u00e9riau le plus imm\u00e9diatement disponible\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwAaM\" data-mw-section-id=\"10\" aria-labelledby=\"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\">\n<h3 id=\"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mwAaQ\" class=\"references-small decimal\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;R\u00e9f\u00e9rences&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:R\u00e9f\u00e9rences&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\n<div id=\"mwAaU\" class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;references&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;responsive&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;extsrc&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}\">\n<ol id=\"mwAaY\" class=\"mw-references references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"1\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">si on consid\u00e8re que le terme\u00a0<i id=\"mwAao\">codex<\/i>\u00a0est entr\u00e9 dans le lexique fran\u00e7ais, les r\u00e8gles grammaticales de l&rsquo;accord du pluriel s&rsquo;appliquent<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"2\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"mwAa4\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;lien web &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Lien_web&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Codex mayas&quot;},&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/codex-mayas\/&quot;},&quot;site&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis.fr&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab<a id=\"mwAbA\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/codex-mayas\/\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\"><cite id=\"mwAbE\">Codex mayas<\/cite><\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universalis.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Fcodex-mayas%2F\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>\u00bb, sur\u00a0<span id=\"mwAbM\" class=\"italique\">Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis.fr<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"3\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Talatoire2012\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Eric Talatoire&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Les trois Codex Mayas&quot;},&quot;sous-titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Les manuscrits sacr\u00e9s d'une civilisation disparue&quot;},&quot;\u00e9dition&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Balland&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2012&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Eric_Talatoire2012\" class=\"ouvrage\">Eric Talatoire,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwAbc\" class=\"italique\">Les trois Codex Mayas: Les manuscrits sacr\u00e9s d&rsquo;une civilisation disparue<\/cite>, Balland,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAbk\">2012<\/time><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"4\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Wolf1938\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Werner Wolf&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;D\u00e9chiffrement de l'\u00e9criture maya et traduction des Codices&quot;},&quot;\u00e9dition&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Geuthner&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1938&quot;},&quot;pr\u00e9sentation en ligne&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/rscir_0035-2217_1939_num_19_3_1799_t1_0411_0000_2&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Werner_Wolf1938\" class=\"ouvrage\">Werner Wolf,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwAb4\" class=\"italique\">D\u00e9chiffrement de l&rsquo;\u00e9criture maya et traduction des Codices<\/cite>, Geuthner,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAb8\">1938<\/time><small id=\"mwAcA\">(<a id=\"mwAcE\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/rscir_0035-2217_1939_num_19_3_1799_t1_0411_0000_2\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">pr\u00e9sentation en ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Frscir_0035-2217_1939_num_19_3_1799_t1_0411_0000_2\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Zali_1999-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"5\">\u00a0<span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Zali_1999-5\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAcg\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Zali_1999\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Zali 1999<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"6\">\u00a0<span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-6\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Scopello2007\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;},&quot;pr\u00e9nom1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Madeleine&quot;},&quot;nom1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Scopello&quot;},&quot;lien auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Madeleine Scopello&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Les \u00c9vangiles apocryphes&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;52&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Paris&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Plon&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2007&quot;},&quot;pages totales&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;117&quot;},&quot;isbn&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;978-2-259-20611-2&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Madeleine_Scopello2007\" class=\"ouvrage\"><a id=\"mwAc4\" title=\"Madeleine Scopello\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madeleine_Scopello\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Madeleine\u00a0<span id=\"mwAc8\" class=\"nom_auteur\">Scopello<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwAdA\" class=\"italique\">Les \u00c9vangiles apocryphes<\/cite>, Paris, Plon,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAdE\">2007<\/time>, 117<abbr id=\"mwAdM\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><small id=\"mwAdQ\">(<a id=\"mwAdU\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">ISBN<\/a><a id=\"mwAdc\" title=\"Sp\u00e9cial:Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\/978-2-259-20611-2\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/978-2-259-20611-2\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"><span id=\"mwAdg\" class=\"nowrap\">978-2-259-20611-2<\/span><\/a>)<\/small>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAdk\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>52<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"7\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwAd8\">Caudex<\/i>\u00a0signifie\u00a0<i id=\"mwAeA\">bloc de bois<\/i>\u00a0en\u00a0<a id=\"mwAeE\" title=\"Latin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">latin<\/a>\u00a0(<a id=\"mwAeI\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Iglesias-Zoido_2013\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Harvsp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Harvsp&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Iglesias-Zoido 2013&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;27&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Iglesias-Zoido 2013<\/a><span id=\"mwAeM\">,\u00a0<\/span><abbr id=\"mwAeQ\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwAeY\">27<\/span>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Zali_199937-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"8\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Zali_199937-9\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAeo\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Zali_1999\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Zali 1999<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAes\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>37.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"9\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-10\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwAfA\">Art po\u00e9tique<\/i>, 386-390: \u00abJe vais plus loin: si un jour tu \u00e9cris, soumets ton po\u00e8me \u00e0 l&rsquo;oreille exerc\u00e9e d&rsquo;un\u00a0<a id=\"mwAfQ\" class=\"new\" title=\"M\u00e9cius (page inexistante)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9cius?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw-i18n=\"{&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;x-page&quot;,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;red-link-title&quot;,&quot;params&quot;:[&quot;M\u00e9cius&quot;]}}\">M\u00e9cius<\/a>, \u00e0 celle de ton p\u00e8re, \u00e0 la mienne; puis renferme neuf ans ton parchemin dans la cassette; tu pourras le d\u00e9truire, tant qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;aura pas vu le jour.\u00bb<br id=\"mwAfg\" \/><br \/>\n<i id=\"mwAfk\">Satires<\/i>, II, 3, 1-2: \u00abVous voil\u00e0 bien, grand retoucheur de vers! \u00c0 peine si, quatre fois l&rsquo;an, vous demandez quelques feuilles de parchemin, en maugr\u00e9ant\u2026\u00bb<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"10\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Su\u00e9tone, Auguste, 101; Dion Cassius, 56, 33, 2-6<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"11\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Martial, livre XIV:: Virgile (186), Hom\u00e8re (184), Tite-Live (190), Ovide(192)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"12\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Quignard1981\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Article&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Article&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Pascal Quignard&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Les premiers codex&quot;},&quot;p\u00e9riodique&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Argile, XXIII-XXIV&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1981&quot;},&quot;lire en ligne&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;pages&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;107-115&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Pascal_Quignard1981\" class=\"ouvrage\">Pascal Quignard, \u00ab<cite id=\"mwAgo\">Les premiers codex<\/cite>\u00bb,\u00a0<i id=\"mwAgw\">Argile, XXIII-XXIV<\/i>,<span id=\"mwAg0\">\u200e<\/span><time id=\"mwAg4\">1981<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAg8\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwAhE\" class=\"nowrap\">107-115<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"13\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwAhY\">Titus Liuius in membranis. Pellibus exiguis artatur Liuius ingens, Quem mea non totum bibliotheca capit.<\/i><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"14\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Gamble2012\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Harry Y. Gamble]]&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Livres et lecteurs aux premiers temps du christianisme. Usage et production des textes chr\u00e9tiens antiques&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;85&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Labor et Fides&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2012&quot;},&quot;isbn&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;lire en ligne&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;{{Google Livres|oGOdWXxix6EC}}&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Harry_Y._Gamble2012\" class=\"ouvrage\"><a id=\"mwAho\" title=\"Harry Y. Gamble\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Y._Gamble\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Harry Y. Gamble<\/a>,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwAhs\" class=\"italique\">Livres et lecteurs aux premiers temps du christianisme. Usage et production des textes chr\u00e9tiens antiques<\/cite>, Labor et Fides,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAhw\">2012<\/time><small id=\"mwAh0\">(<a id=\"mwAh4\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=oGOdWXxix6EC\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">lire en ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoGOdWXxix6EC\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAh8\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>85<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Debray_1991132-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"15\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Debray_1991132-16\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAiU\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Debray_1991\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Debray 1991<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAiY\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>132.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"16\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAis\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Roberts_&amp;_Skeat_1983\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Harvsp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Harvsp&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Roberts &amp; Skeat 1983&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;32&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Roberts &amp; Skeat 1983<\/a><span id=\"mwAiw\">,\u00a0<\/span><abbr id=\"mwAi0\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwAi8\">32<\/span>\u00a0cit\u00e9 dans\u00a0<a id=\"mwAjA\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Vandendorpe_1999\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Harvsp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Harvsp&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Vandendorpe 1999&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;215-216&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Vandendorpe 1999<\/a><span id=\"mwAjE\">,\u00a0<\/span><abbr id=\"mwAjI\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwAjQ\">215-216<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"17\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Roberts1953\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;en&quot;},&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;C.H Roberts&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;The codex&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;203&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Londres&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;British Academy&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1953&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"C.H_Roberts1953\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr id=\"mwAjg\" class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0C.H Roberts,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwAjk\" class=\"italique\" lang=\"en\">The codex<\/cite>, Londres, British Academy,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAjo\">1953<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAjs\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>203<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Vanden51-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"18\">\u00a0<span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Vanden51-19\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAkM\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Vandendorpe_1999\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Harvsp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Harvsp&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Vandendorpe 1999&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;51&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Vandendorpe 1999<\/a><span id=\"mwAkQ\">,\u00a0<\/span><abbr id=\"mwAkU\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwAkc\">51<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"19\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Philippe Bobichon,\u00a0<a id=\"mwAks\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/44071487\/Le_lexicon_Mise_en_page_et_mise_en_texte_des_manuscrits_h%C3%A9breux_grecs_latins_romans_et_arabes\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\"><i id=\"mwAkw\">Le lexicon: Mise en page et mise en texte des manuscrits h\u00e9breux, grecs, latins, romans et arabes<\/i><\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F44071487%2FLe_lexicon_Mise_en_page_et_mise_en_texte_des_manuscrits_h%25C3%25A9breux_grecs_latins_romans_et_arabes\">archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Sirat_198821-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"20\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Sirat_198821-21\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAlE\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Sirat_1988\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Sirat 1988<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAlI\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>21.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"21\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAlc\" title=\"Martial (po\u00e8te)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martial_(po%C3%A8te)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Martial<\/a>,\u00a0<i id=\"mwAlg\">\u00c9pigrammes<\/i>, X, 93.\u00a0<a id=\"mwAlk\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be\/concordances\/martial_epigram_10\/lecture\/10.htm\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">En ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fagoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be%2Fconcordances%2Fmartial_epigram_10%2Flecture%2F10.htm\">archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"22\">\u00a0<span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:2-23\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Lemaire1989\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;},&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Jacques Lemaire&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Introduction \u00e0 la codicologie&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;20&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Louvain-la-Neuve&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Institut d\u2019\u00c9tudes M\u00e9di\u00e9vales de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1989&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Jacques_Lemaire1989\" class=\"ouvrage\">Jacques Lemaire,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwAl8\" class=\"italique\">Introduction \u00e0 la codicologie<\/cite>, Louvain-la-Neuve, Institut d\u2019\u00c9tudes M\u00e9di\u00e9vales de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAmA\">1989<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAmE\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>20<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"23\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Samaran1961\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Charles Samaran]]&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;L'Histoire et ses m\u00e9thodes&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;227&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Gallimard&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1961&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Charles_Samaran1961\" class=\"ouvrage\"><a id=\"mwAmc\" title=\"Charles Samaran\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Samaran\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Charles Samaran<\/a>,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwAmg\" class=\"italique\">L&rsquo;Histoire et ses m\u00e9thodes<\/cite>, Gallimard,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAmk\">1961<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAmo\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr>227<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"24\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"mwAnA\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Lien web &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Lien_web&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Le titre courant dans les livres (anciens) : une aide \u00e0 la recherche&quot;},&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/bibliomab.wordpress.com\/2012\/07\/30\/le-titre-courant-dans-les-livres-anciens-une-aide-a-la-recherche\/&quot;},&quot;site&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;bibliomab.wordpress.com&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;30 juillet 2012&quot;},&quot;consult\u00e9 le&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;10 avril 2018&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\u00ab<a id=\"mwAnI\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bibliomab.wordpress.com\/2012\/07\/30\/le-titre-courant-dans-les-livres-anciens-une-aide-a-la-recherche\/\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\"><cite id=\"mwAnM\">Le titre courant dans les livres (anciens): une aide \u00e0 la recherche<\/cite><\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbibliomab.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F07%2F30%2Fle-titre-courant-dans-les-livres-anciens-une-aide-a-la-recherche%2F\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>\u00bb, sur\u00a0<span id=\"mwAnY\" class=\"italique\">bibliomab.wordpress.com<\/span>,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAnc\" class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2012-07-30\" data-sort-value=\"2012-07-30\">30 juillet 2012<\/time><small id=\"mwAng\">(consult\u00e9 le\u00a0<time id=\"mwAnk\" class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2018-04-10\" data-sort-value=\"2018-04-10\">10 avril 2018<\/time>)<\/small><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Vandendorpe_199951-53-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"25\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Vandendorpe_199951-53-26\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAn0\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Vandendorpe_1999\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Vandendorpe 1999<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAn4\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>51-53.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Febvre_&amp;_Martin_1958153-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"26\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Febvre_&amp;_Martin_1958153-27\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAoM\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Febvre_&amp;_Martin_1958\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Febvre &amp; Martin 1958<\/a>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwAoQ\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr>153.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"27\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Voir des sch\u00e9mas simples sur le site\u00a0<a id=\"mwAok\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/vocabulaire.irht.cnrs.fr\/\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">http:\/\/vocabulaire.irht.cnrs.fr\/<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fvocabulaire.irht.cnrs.fr%2F\">archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"28\">\u00a0<span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:3-29\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Boudalis2018\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;en&quot;},&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Georgios Boudalis&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;The codex and crafts in late antiquity&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;97-100&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;New York&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Bard Graduate Center&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2018&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Georgios_Boudalis2018\" class=\"ouvrage\"><abbr id=\"mwAo8\" class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0Georgios Boudalis,\u00a0<cite id=\"mwApA\" class=\"italique\" lang=\"en\">The codex and crafts in late antiquity<\/cite>, New York, Bard Graduate Center,\u00a0<time id=\"mwApE\">2018<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr id=\"mwApI\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwApQ\" class=\"nowrap\">97-100<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"29\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-30\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span id=\"Biblioth\u00e8que_num\u00e9rique_mondiale2017\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Lien web &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Lien_web&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;},&quot;auteur institutionnel&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Biblioth\u00e8que num\u00e9rique mondiale&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Le codex de Dresde&quot;},&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.wdl.org\/fr\/item\/11621\/&quot;},&quot;acc\u00e8s url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;libre&quot;},&quot;site&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;wdl.org&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;24 mai 2017&quot;},&quot;consult\u00e9 le&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;6 novembre 2021&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Biblioth\u00e8que num\u00e9rique mondiale, \u00ab<a id=\"mwApo\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wdl.org\/fr\/item\/11621\/\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\"><cite id=\"mwAps\">Le codex de Dresde<\/cite><\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Ffr%2Fitem%2F11621%2F\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>\u00bb\u00a0<span id=\"mwAp0\" class=\"skin-invert-image\" data-mw=\"{&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Acc\u00e8s libre au document&quot;}\"><span id=\"mwAp4\" title=\"Acc\u00e8s libre au document\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"mwAp8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Lock-green.svg\/20px-Lock-green.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" alt=\"Acc\u00e8s libre\" width=\"9\" height=\"14\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"813\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" \/><\/span><\/span>, sur\u00a0<span id=\"mwAqA\" class=\"italique\">wdl.org<\/span>,\u00a0<time id=\"mwAqE\" class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-05-24\" data-sort-value=\"2017-05-24\">24 mai 2017<\/time><small id=\"mwAqI\">(consult\u00e9 le\u00a0<time id=\"mwAqM\" class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2021-11-06\" data-sort-value=\"2021-11-06\">6 novembre 2021<\/time>)<\/small><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"30\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAqc\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Cohen_1999\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Harvsp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Harvsp&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Cohen 1999&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;57&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Cohen 1999<\/a><span id=\"mwAqg\">,\u00a0<\/span><abbr id=\"mwAqk\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwAqs\">57<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"31\"><span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a id=\"mwAq8\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex#Cohen_1999\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Harvsp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Harvsp&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Cohen 1999&quot;},&quot;p&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;61&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Cohen 1999<\/a><span id=\"mwArA\">,\u00a0<\/span><abbr id=\"mwArE\" class=\"abbr\" title=\"page(s)\">p.<\/abbr><span id=\"mwArM\">61<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwArQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"11\" aria-labelledby=\"Annexes\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Annexes\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Annexes<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mwArU\" class=\"noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;cat\u00e9gorie principale&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Cat\u00e9gorie_principale&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">\n<div>Une\u00a0<a title=\"Aide:Cat\u00e9gorie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">cat\u00e9gorie<\/a>\u00a0est consacr\u00e9e \u00e0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Circle-icons-frames.svg\/60px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Circle-icons-frames.svg\/120px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"45\" height=\"45\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" \/>ce sujet\u00a0:\u00a0<i><a title=\"Cat\u00e9gorie:Codex\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Codex\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codex<\/a><\/i>.<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"mwArY\" data-mw-section-id=\"12\" aria-labelledby=\"Bibliographie\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\">\n<h3 id=\"Bibliographie\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bibliographie<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"mwArc\">\n<li id=\"mwArg\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Chartier2022\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Article&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Article&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Roger Chartier&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Rouleaux, tablettes, codex: la r\u00e9volution du livre&quot;},&quot;p\u00e9riodique&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Le Monde]]&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;21-01-2022&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Roger_Chartier2022\" class=\"ouvrage\">Roger Chartier, \u00ab\u00a0<cite>Rouleaux, tablettes, codex: la r\u00e9volution du livre<\/cite>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<i><a title=\"Le Monde\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Monde\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Le Monde<\/a><\/i>,\u200e\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-01-21\" data-sort-value=\"2022-01-21\">21 janvier 2022<\/time><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwArk\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Cohen_1999\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Chapitre&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Chapitre&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Monique Cohen&quot;},&quot;titre chapitre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Du rouleau au cahier, en Chine&quot;},&quot;titre ouvrage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;L'aventure des \u00e9critures : la page&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;57-64&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Paris&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1999&quot;},&quot;ISBN&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;978-2-717-72072-3&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Cohen 1999&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Monique Cohen,\u00a0<cite>\u00ab\u00a0Du rouleau au cahier, en Chine\u00a0\u00bb<\/cite>, dans\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">L&rsquo;aventure des \u00e9critures\u00a0: la page<\/cite>, Paris, Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France,\u00a0<time>1999<\/time><small>(<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">ISBN<\/a><a title=\"Sp\u00e9cial:Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\/978-2-717-72072-3\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/978-2-717-72072-3\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-717-72072-3<\/span><\/a>)<\/small>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><span class=\"nowrap\">57-64<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAro\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Debray_1991\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[R\u00e9gis Debray]]&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Cours de m\u00e9diologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Gallimard&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Paris&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1991&quot;},&quot;isbn&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Debray 1991&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a title=\"R\u00e9gis Debray\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9gis_Debray\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">R\u00e9gis Debray<\/a>,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">Cours de m\u00e9diologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/cite>, Paris, Gallimard,\u00a0<time>1991<\/time><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwArs\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Febvre_&amp;_Martin_1958\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Lucien Febvre]]&quot;},&quot;auteur2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Henri-Jean Martin]]&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;L'Apparition du livre&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Albin Michel&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Paris&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1958&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Febvre &amp; Martin 1958&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a title=\"Lucien Febvre\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Febvre\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Lucien Febvre<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"Henri-Jean Martin\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri-Jean_Martin\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Henri-Jean Martin<\/a>,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">L&rsquo;Apparition du livre<\/cite>, Paris, Albin Michel,\u00a0<time>1958<\/time><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwArw\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Iglesias-Zoido_2013\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;chapitre &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Chapitre&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;es&quot;},&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;J. Carlos Iglesias-Zoido&quot;},&quot;titre chapitre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Lectura privada en Roma : soportes y formatos del libro antiguo&quot;},&quot;titre ouvrage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;La Villa de los Papiros&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;15-32&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Barcelone&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Editorial Planeta]]&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2013&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Iglesias-Zoido 2013&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : espagnol\">(es)<\/abbr>\u00a0J. Carlos Iglesias-Zoido,\u00a0<cite lang=\"es\">\u00ab\u00a0Lectura privada en Roma\u00a0: soportes y formatos del libro antiguo\u00a0\u00bb<\/cite>, dans\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\" lang=\"es\">La Villa de los Papiros<\/cite>, Barcelone,\u00a0<a title=\"Editorial Planeta\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Editorial_Planeta\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Editorial Planeta<\/a>,\u00a0<time>2013<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><span class=\"nowrap\">15-32<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAr0\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Roberts_&amp;_Skeat_1983\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;langue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;en&quot;},&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;C.H. Roberts&quot;},&quot;auteur2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;T.C. Skeat&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;The birth of the Codex&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Oxford University Press&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Londres&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1993&quot;},&quot;isbn&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Roberts &amp; Skeat 1983&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0C.H. Roberts et T.C. Skeat,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\" lang=\"en\">The birth of the Codex<\/cite>, Londres, Oxford University Press,\u00a0<time>1993<\/time><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAr4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Ronconi2022\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Filippo Ronconi&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Aux racines du livre. M\u00e9tamorphoses d'un objet de l'Antiquit\u00e9 au Moyen \u00c2ge&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;\u00c9ditions de l'EHESS&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2022&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><span id=\"Filippo_Ronconi2022\" class=\"ouvrage\">Filippo Ronconi,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">Aux racines du livre. M\u00e9tamorphoses d&rsquo;un objet de l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9 au Moyen \u00c2ge<\/cite>, \u00c9ditions de l&rsquo;EHESS,\u00a0<time>2022<\/time><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAr8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Sirat_1988\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;chapitre &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Chapitre&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Colette Sirat]]&quot;},&quot;titre chapitre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Du rouleau au codex&quot;},&quot;titre ouvrage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Le Livre au Moyen \u00c2ge&quot;},&quot;passage&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;13-45&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Paris&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Brepols&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1988&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Sirat 1988&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a title=\"Colette Sirat\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colette_Sirat\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Colette Sirat<\/a>,\u00a0<cite>\u00ab\u00a0Du rouleau au codex\u00a0\u00bb<\/cite>, dans\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">Le Livre au Moyen \u00c2ge<\/cite>, Paris, Brepols,\u00a0<time>1988<\/time>,\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><span class=\"nowrap\">13-45<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAsA\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yann Sordet,\u00a0<i id=\"mwAsE\">Histoire du livre et de l\u2019\u00e9dition<\/i>, \u00e9d. Albin Michel, coll. L\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, 2021.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAsI\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Vandendorpe_1999\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Christian Vandendorpe]]&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Du papyrus \u00e0 l'hypertexte : Essai sur les mutations du texte et de la lecture&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;La D\u00e9couverte&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Paris&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1999&quot;},&quot;isbn&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;lire en ligne&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;http:\/\/vandendorpe.org\/papyrus\/papyrus.html&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Vandendorpe 1999&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\"><a title=\"Christian Vandendorpe\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Vandendorpe\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Christian Vandendorpe<\/a>,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">Du papyrus \u00e0 l&rsquo;hypertexte\u00a0: Essai sur les mutations du texte et de la lecture<\/cite>, Paris, La D\u00e9couverte,\u00a0<time>1999<\/time><small>(<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/vandendorpe.org\/papyrus\/papyrus.html\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">lire en ligne<\/a><small class=\"cachelinks\">\u00a0[<a title=\"archive sur Wikiwix\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fvandendorpe.org%2Fpapyrus%2Fpapyrus.html\">archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAsM\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"Zali_1999\" class=\"ouvrage\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Ouvrage&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Mod\u00e8le:Ouvrage&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;auteur1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Anne Zali&quot;},&quot;titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;L'Aventure des \u00e9critures&quot;},&quot;sous-titre&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;la page&quot;},&quot;\u00e9diteur&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France&quot;},&quot;lieu&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Paris&quot;},&quot;ann\u00e9e&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1999&quot;},&quot;pages totales&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;215&quot;},&quot;isbn&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;978-2-7177-2072-3&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Zali 1999&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\">Anne Zali,\u00a0<cite class=\"italique\">L&rsquo;Aventure des \u00e9critures\u00a0: la page<\/cite>, Paris, Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France,\u00a0<time>1999<\/time>, 215\u00a0<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.<\/abbr><small>(<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">ISBN<\/a><a title=\"Sp\u00e9cial:Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\/978-2-7177-2072-3\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/978-2-7177-2072-3\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-7177-2072-3<\/span><\/a>)<\/small><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"mwAsQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"13\" aria-labelledby=\"Articles_connexes\">\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\">\n<h3 id=\"Articles_connexes\">Articles connexes<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"mwAsU\">\n<li id=\"mwAsY\"><a id=\"mwAsc\" title=\"Codicologie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codicologie\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Codicologie<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAsg\"><a id=\"mwAsk\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Page (livre)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Page_(livre)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Page (livre)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAso\"><a id=\"mwAss\" title=\"Histoire du livre\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Histoire_du_livre\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Histoire du livre<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAsw\"><a id=\"mwAs0\" title=\"Incunable\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incunable\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Incunable<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAs4\"><a id=\"mwAs8\" title=\"Volumen\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volumen\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Volumen<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAtA\"><a id=\"mwAtE\" title=\"Tablette de cire\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tablette_de_cire\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Tablette de cire<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAtI\"><a id=\"mwAtM\" title=\"Manuscrit\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuscrit\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Manuscrit<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"mwAtQ\"><i id=\"mwAtU\"><a id=\"mwAtY\" title=\"Scriptio continua\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scriptio_continua\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\">Scriptio continua<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les Codex &nbsp; \u00a0 \u00a0 Le\u00a0Codex Gigas,\u00a0XIIIe\u00a0si\u00e8cle,\u00a0Boh\u00e8me. Un\u00a0codex\u00a0(pluriel:\u00a0codex[1],[2],[3]\u00a0ou pluriel savant\u00a0codices[4]) est un cahier form\u00e9 de pages manuscrites reli\u00e9es ensemble en forme de livre. Cet anc\u00eatre du livre moderne s&rsquo;est r\u00e9pandu dans le monde romain \u00e0 partir du\u00a0Ier\u00a0si\u00e8cle, pour progressivement remplacer le rouleau de\u00a0papyrus\u00a0(le\u00a0volumen) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son faible encombrement, son co\u00fbt mod\u00e9r\u00e9, sa maniabilit\u00e9 et la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26998,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11528","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les Codex - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les Codex\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Codex - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les Codex\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-14T21:37:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"413\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"19 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/\",\"name\":\"Les Codex - Orazio Puglisi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-26T13:05:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-14T21:37:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Les Codex\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":413},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/les-codex\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les Codex\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\",\"name\":\"Oraziopuglisi.art\",\"description\":\"Le beau ! Quoi d&#039;autre ?\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/25fc9286c60d24f18b651edcc5903c4c\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/25fc9286c60d24f18b651edcc5903c4c\",\"name\":\"admin4537\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin4537\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les Codex - Orazio Puglisi","description":"Les Codex","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les Codex - Orazio Puglisi","og_description":"Les Codex","og_url":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/","og_site_name":"Orazio Puglisi","article_modified_time":"2026-08-14T21:37:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":413,"url":"http:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"19 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/","url":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/","name":"Les Codex - Orazio Puglisi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg","datePublished":"2024-08-26T13:05:56+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-14T21:37:16+00:00","description":"Les Codex","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Le-Codex-Gigas-XIIIe-siecle-Boheme.jpg","width":600,"height":413},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/les-codex\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les Codex"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/#website","url":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/","name":"Oraziopuglisi.art","description":"Le beau ! Quoi d&#039;autre ?","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/#\/schema\/person\/25fc9286c60d24f18b651edcc5903c4c"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/#\/schema\/person\/25fc9286c60d24f18b651edcc5903c4c","name":"admin4537","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin4537"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b6db1b0cfae43195d5bb3bc41143b8ea702115830550a54531b37cf0fb97e1f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11528"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27003,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11528\/revisions\/27003"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}