{"id":10848,"date":"2024-08-13T08:19:29","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T06:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/?page_id=10848"},"modified":"2024-08-13T08:22:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T06:22:48","slug":"clair-patterson","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/clair-patterson\/","title":{"rendered":"Clair Patterson"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><a title=\"Clair Patterson\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clair_Patterson\">Clair Patterson<\/a><\/b>\u00a0qui a prouv\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il existait aux \u00c9tats-Unis et dans le monde une tr\u00e8s forte augmentation de la pollution par le plomb, qu&rsquo;elle affectait l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain et de nombreuses autres esp\u00e8ces et qu&rsquo;elle provenait en grande partie du\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Plomb t\u00e9tra\u00e9thyl\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plomb_t%C3%A9tra%C3%A9thyl\">plomb t\u00e9tra\u00e9thyl<\/a>\u00a0utilis\u00e9 comme additif dans l&rsquo;essence, ainsi (mais dans une moindre mesure) que du plomb alors utilis\u00e9 dans les soudures de bo\u00eetes de conserve, les peintures, les vernis\u2026 Il a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire avancer la l\u00e9gislation am\u00e9ricaine sur le plomb, malgr\u00e9 le\u00a0<a title=\"D\u00e9nialisme\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A9nialisme\">d\u00e9ni<\/a>\u00a0et le lobbying d&rsquo;entreprises telles que\u00a0<a title=\"Ethyl Gasoline Corporation\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethyl_Gasoline_Corporation\">Ethyl Gasoline Corporation<\/a>\u00a0qui produisait depuis les ann\u00e9es 1920 le t\u00e9tra\u00e9thyl de plomb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Clair Cameron Patterson<\/b>\u00a0(<time class=\"nowrap bday\" datetime=\"1922-06-02\" data-sort-value=\"1922-06-02\">2 juin 1922<\/time>\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0<a title=\"Mitchellville (Iowa)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitchellville_(Iowa)\">Mitchellville<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Iowa\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iowa\">Iowa<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"\u00c9tats-Unis\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tats-Unis\">\u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<time class=\"nowrap dday\" datetime=\"1995-12-05\" data-sort-value=\"1995-12-05\">5 d\u00e9cembre 1995<\/time>\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0<a title=\"Sea Ranch\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_Ranch\">Sea Ranch<\/a>, en\u00a0<a title=\"Californie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Californie\">Californie<\/a>) est un\u00a0<a title=\"G\u00e9ochimie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%A9ochimie\">g\u00e9ochimiste<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u00c9tats-Unis\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tats-Unis\">am\u00e9ricain<\/a>. Utilisant ses connaissances en\u00a0<a title=\"G\u00e9ochimie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%A9ochimie\">g\u00e9ochimie<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"Spectroscopie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spectroscopie\">spectroscopie<\/a>, il d\u00e9veloppe dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 la\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Datation par l'uranium-plomb\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datation_par_l%27uranium-plomb\">datation \u00e0 l&rsquo;uranium-plomb<\/a>, ce qui lui permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de la\u00a0<a title=\"Terre\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terre\">Terre<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 4,55 milliards d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es. Par la suite, profitant de ses connaissances sur le\u00a0<a title=\"Plomb\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plomb\">plomb<\/a>, il \u00e9tudie sa concentration \u00e0 la surface de la Terre et en vient \u00e0 militer pour la r\u00e9duction de son usage dans l&rsquo;<a title=\"Essence (hydrocarbure)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Essence_(hydrocarbure)\">essence<\/a>\u00a0et les contenants alimentaires (telles les\u00a0<a title=\"Bo\u00eete de conserve\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bo%C3%AEte_de_conserve\">bo\u00eetes de conserve<\/a>). Son action m\u00e8nera \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de diff\u00e9rentes mesures de contr\u00f4le aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-10854\" src=\"http:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Clair-Patterson-1-291x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"291\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Clair-Patterson-1-291x300.png 291w, https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Clair-Patterson-1-508x523.png 508w, https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Clair-Patterson-1.png 590w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"Biographie\">Biographie<\/h2>\n<p>Clair Patterson a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 au\u00a0<i>Grinnell College<\/i>\u00a0\u00e0 Grinnell en Iowa, o\u00f9 il obtient son baccalaur\u00e9at. Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9pous\u00e9 Laurie McCleary, une autre \u00e9tudiante, les deux s&rsquo;inscrivent \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a title=\"Universit\u00e9 de l'Iowa\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universit%C3%A9_de_l%27Iowa\">universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Iowa<\/a>. Clair y obtient une ma\u00eetrise en\u00a0<a title=\"Spectroscopie mol\u00e9culaire\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spectroscopie_mol%C3%A9culaire\">spectroscopie mol\u00e9culaire<\/a>. Les deux sont appel\u00e9s \u00e0 travailler au\u00a0<a title=\"Projet Manhattan\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Projet_Manhattan\">Projet Manhattan<\/a>. C&rsquo;est \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque que Clair apprend les rudiments de la\u00a0<a title=\"Spectrom\u00e9trie de masse\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spectrom%C3%A9trie_de_masse\">spectrom\u00e9trie de masse<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Tilton_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clair_Patterson#cite_note-Tilton-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apr\u00e8s la\u00a0<a title=\"Seconde Guerre mondiale\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale\">Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/a>, ils retournent \u00e0 Chicago o\u00f9 Laurie accepte un travail de spectroscopiste dans l&rsquo;infrarouge dans le but de supporter financi\u00e8rement les \u00e9tudes de doctorat de Clair \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a title=\"Universit\u00e9 de Chicago\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universit%C3%A9_de_Chicago\">universit\u00e9 de Chicago<\/a>\u00a0sous la supervision d&rsquo;<a title=\"Harrison Brown\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harrison_Brown\">Harrison Brown<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s une ann\u00e9e de post-doctorat \u00e0 Chicago, Clair Patterson et sa femme d\u00e9m\u00e9nagent avec Brown en Californie o\u00f9 ils ont obtenu un poste \u00e0 la\u00a0<i>Division of Geology<\/i>\u00a0(plus tard,\u00a0<i>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences<\/i>) du\u00a0<a title=\"California Institute of Technology\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Institute_of_Technology\">California Institute of Technology<\/a>\u00a0(Caltech) en 1952. Ils seront les fondateurs de son programme de\u00a0<a title=\"G\u00e9ochimie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%A9ochimie\">g\u00e9ochimie<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Cohen_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clair_Patterson#cite_note-Cohen-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Clair Patterson compl\u00e8tera sa carri\u00e8re au Caltech.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Clair Patterson\u00a0qui a prouv\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il existait aux \u00c9tats-Unis et dans le monde une tr\u00e8s forte augmentation de la pollution par le plomb, qu&rsquo;elle affectait l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain et de nombreuses autres esp\u00e8ces et qu&rsquo;elle provenait en grande partie du\u00a0plomb t\u00e9tra\u00e9thyl\u00a0utilis\u00e9 comme additif dans l&rsquo;essence, ainsi (mais dans une moindre mesure) que du plomb alors utilis\u00e9 dans [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10853,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10848","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Clair Patterson - Orazio Puglisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/clair-patterson\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Clair Patterson - Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Clair Patterson\u00a0qui a prouv\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il existait aux \u00c9tats-Unis et dans le monde une tr\u00e8s forte augmentation de la pollution par le plomb, qu&rsquo;elle affectait l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain et de nombreuses autres esp\u00e8ces et qu&rsquo;elle provenait en grande partie du\u00a0plomb t\u00e9tra\u00e9thyl\u00a0utilis\u00e9 comme additif dans l&rsquo;essence, ainsi (mais dans une moindre mesure) que du plomb alors utilis\u00e9 dans [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/index.php\/clair-patterson\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Orazio Puglisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-13T06:22:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/oraziopuglisi.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Clair-Patterson.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"590\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"608\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/\",\"name\":\"Clair Patterson - Orazio Puglisi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Clair-Patterson.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-13T06:19:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T06:22:48+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Clair-Patterson.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Clair-Patterson.png\",\"width\":590,\"height\":608},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/index.php\\\/clair-patterson\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Clair Patterson\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oraziopuglisi.art\\\/\",\"name\":\"Orazio Puglisi\",\"description\":\"Le beau ! 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